The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 38 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intravascular AAV9 preferentially targets neonatal neurons and adult astrocytes
Open accessAbstract
Delivery of genes to the brain and spinal cord across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has not yet been achieved. Here we show that adeno-associated virus (AAV) 9 injected intravenously bypasses the BBB and efficiently targets cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Injection of AAV9-GFP into neonatal mice through the facial vein results in extensive transduction of dorsal root ganglia and motor neurons throughout the spinal cord and widespread transduction of neurons throughout the brain, including the neocortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. In adult mice, tail vein injection of AAV9-GFP leads to robust transduction of astrocytes throughout the entire CNS, with limited neuronal transduction. This approach may enable the development of gene therapies for a range of neurodegenerative diseases, such as spinal muscular atrophy, through targeting of motor neurons, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, through targeting of astrocytes. It may also be useful for rapid postnatal genetic manipulations in basic neuroscience studies.
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“In addition, AAV9 vectors have the unique ability to cross the blood–brain-barrier and target the brain upon intravenous injection in adult mice and cats (Duque et al, 2009; Foust et al, 2009).”
From Telomerase gene therapy in adult and old mice delays aging and increases longevity without increasing cancer (2012) · cites this paper as Foust et al, 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Immunohistochemistry with anti-eGFP antibodies at 1 month PI, showed a viral transduction efficiency of 20–50% of eGFP-positive cells depending on the tissue (Supporting Information Fig S1E and F) (Foust et al, 2009; Inagaki et al, 2006; Zincarelli et al, 2008).”
From Telomerase gene therapy in adult and old mice delays aging and increases longevity without increasing cancer (2012) · cites this paper as Foust et al, 2009
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In the citing paper
“AAV9 can cross the blood–brain barrier and transduce both neurons and astrocytes after intravenous administration.7,10–11”
From Characterization of a novel adeno-associated viral vector with preferential oligodendrocyte tropism (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
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In the citing paper
“AAV8 and AAV5 transduce a significantly greater area of the CNS in comparison with AAV2”
From Characterization of a novel adeno-associated viral vector with preferential oligodendrocyte tropism (2016) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“It was confirmed in SMA murine models that systemically delivered self-complementary AAV9 (scAAV9) crossed the blood brain barrier and achieved high levels of neuronal transduction.9,10”
From Current clinical applications of in vivo gene therapy with AAVs (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“The discovery of newer AAV capsids, such as AAV9, have permitted a much wider degree of gene transfer than multiple stereotaxic injections.9,10,67, 68, 69”
From Current clinical applications of in vivo gene therapy with AAVs (2021) · cites this paper as [9]
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Citations
Cites
Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier
Abbott, N. J., Rönnbäck, L., & Hansson, E. (2006) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1824 · Cited by 5,595
Astrocytes as determinants of disease progression in inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Yamanaka, K., Chun, S. J., Boillee, S., Fujimori-Tonou, N., Yamashita, H., Gutmann, D. H., Takahashi, R., Misawa, H., & Cleveland, D. W. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn2047 · Cited by 1,140 · cited 1×
“Our results also demonstrated efficient targeting of astrocytes in adult mice, and this finding may be relevant for treating ALS, where the non-cell autonomous nature of disease progression has recently been discovered, and astrocytes have been specifically linked to disease progressio”
ResultClades of Adeno-Associated Viruses Are Widely Disseminated in Human Tissues
Gao, G., Vandenberghe, L. H., Alvira, M. R., Lu, Y., Calcedo, R., Zhou, X., & Wilson, J. M. (2004) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.78.12.6381-6388.2004 · Cited by 1,070 · cited 1×
“Neutralizing antibodies created against AAV serotypes 1–8 showed little to no cross-reactivity with AAV9, indicating that AAV9 is of a different AAV clad”
BackgroundKaplitt, M. G., Feigin, A., Tang, C., Fitzsimons, H. L., Mattis, P., Lawlor, P. A., Bland, R. J., Young, D., Strybing, K., Eidelberg, D., et al. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60982-9 · Cited by 1,067
Retrograde Viral Delivery of IGF-1 Prolongs Survival in a Mouse ALS Model
Kaspar, B. K., Lladó, J., Sherkat, N., Rothstein, J. D., & Gage, F. H. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1086137 · Cited by 872 · cited 1×
“Gene therapy has been proposed as a means of crossing the BB”
BackgroundSelf-citationHarper, S. Q., Staber, P. D., He, X., Eliason, S. L., Martins, I. H., Mao, Q., Yang, L., Kotin, R. M., Paulson, H. L., & Davidson, B. L. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0501507102 · Cited by 682 · cited 1×
“It is noteworthy that AAV9 vascular delivery in the adult does not achieve widespread direct neuronal targeting, precluding the use of this approach for diseases such as Huntington's, in which multiple structures and brain regions are likely to require neuronal targeting to suppress mutant Huntingtin protei”
BackgroundGenetic influence on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult mice
Kempermann, G., Kuhn, H. G., & Gage, F. H. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.19.10409 · Cited by 638 · cited 1×
“Neuronal density and positive GFP density were calculated by multiplying the total volume to estimate the percent of neuronal transduction in each given area as previously describe”
MethodAdeno-associated virus serotype 8 efficiently delivers genes to muscle and heart
Wang, Z., Zhu, T., Qiao, C., Zhou, L., Wang, B., Zhang, J., Chen, C., Li, J., & Xiao, X. (2005) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1073 · Cited by 622
Inagaki, K., Fuess, S., Storm, T. A., Gibson, G. A., Mctiernan, C. F., Kay, M. A., & Nakai, H. (2006) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.03.014 · Cited by 610
Marks, W. J., Ostrem, J. L., Verhagen, L., Starr, P. A., Larson, P. S., Bakay, R. A., Taylor, R., Cahn-Weiner, D. A., Stoessl, A. J., Olanow, C. W., et al. (2008) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(08)70065-6 · Cited by 596
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1 of the 38 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
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Sellier, P., Collaud, F., Benchekroun, Y. K., Jiménez, V., León, X., Danièle, N., Pham, Q. H., Andari, J. E., VandenDriessche, T., Chuah, M., et al. (2025) · Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1016/j.omtm.2025.101464 · Cited by 6
“66,67 A formal dose finding study and further evaluations in NHP models and/or in human cells may be crucial to support the dose advantage shown in immunodeficient mice.”
Metadata
- Authors
- Foust, K. D., Nurre, E., Montgomery, C. L., Hernandez, A., Chan, C. M., & Kaspar, B. K.
- Affiliations
- Nationwide Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kaspar, Brian K
- Venue
- Nature Biotechnology
- Published
- 2008-12-21
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-65
- ISSN
- 0733-222X (ISSN-L)
- 1087-0156
- 1546-1696
- PMC
- PMC2895694
- OpenAlex
- W2166739815
- Cited by
- 1,456
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 75 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 94 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 100 · 2017: 81 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 88 · 2012: 54
- FWCI
- 28.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Biotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (R21EY018491)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R21NS064328, R01NS064492)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Virus-based gene therapy research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Keywords
- AAV9, adeno-associated virus, blood-brain barrier, astrocytes, motor neurons, neonatal neurons, spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, gene therapy, spinal muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- MeSH terms
- Dependovirus, Animals, Astrocytes, Ganglia, Spinal, Genetic Vectors, Hippocampus, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Muscular Atrophy, Spinal, Neurons, In Situ Hybridization, Gene Transfer Techniques, Transgenes, Neocortex, Green Fluorescent Proteins, Mice
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