Pigment cell interactions and differential xanthophore recruitment underlying zebrafish stripe reiteration and danio pattern evolution
Open accessAbstract
Fishes have diverse pigment patterns, yet mechanisms of pattern evolution remain poorly understood. In zebrafish, Danio rerio, pigment-cell autonomous interactions generate dark stripes of melanophores that alternate with light interstripes of xanthophores and iridophores. Here, we identify mechanisms underlying the evolution of a uniform pattern in D. albolineatus in which all three pigment cell classes are intermingled. We show that in this species xanthophores differentiate precociously over a wider area, and that cis regulatory evolution has increased expression of xanthogenic Colony Stimulating Factor-1 (Csf1). Expressing Csf1 similarly in D. rerio has cascading effects, driving the intermingling of all three pigment cell classes and resulting in the loss of stripes, as in D. albolineatus. Our results identify novel mechanisms of pattern development and illustrate how pattern diversity can be generated when a core network of pigment-cell autonomous interactions is coupled with changes in pigment cell differentiation.
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Adult melanophores arise from a transit-amplifying progenitor.
“In contrast to adult melanophores that arise from a transit-amplifying progenitor”
From Thyroid hormone regulates distinct paths to maturation in pigment cell lineages (2019) · cites this paper as Patterson et al., 2014
The Discussion (page unavailable in our copy) says adult melanophores arise from motile precursors that migrate to the hypodermis and begin differentiating. It does not describe those precursors as transit-amplifying, so the specific progenitor type is unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMost adult xanthophores develop directly from embryonic/early larval xanthophores that lose their pigment and then regain color late in adult pattern formation.
“most adult xanthophores develop directly from EL xanthophores that lose their pigment and then regain color late in adult pattern formation”
From Thyroid hormone regulates distinct paths to maturation in pigment cell lineages (2019) · cites this paper as Patterson et al., 2014
The Discussion (page unavailable) says that D. rerio adult interstripe xanthophores develop from cells already in the hypodermis, including embryonic xanthophores that temporarily lose pigment and later reacquire it. It does not say that most adult xanthophores follow this route, so the claim overstates the proportion and extends the description beyond interstripe xanthophores. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGenetically or experimentally induced deficiencies in iridophores cause pattern defects, including alterations in primary stripe positioning and boundary formation, and also lead to reductions or losses of secondary interstripes and stripes.
“The iridophore’s importance in skin patterning has been demonstrated in experiments showing that genetically or experimentally induced deficiencies in iridophores cause pattern defects, including alterations in primary stripe positioning and boundary formation, and also lead to reductions or losses of secondary interstripes and stripes13–17.”
From In situ differentiation of iridophore crystallotypes underlies zebrafish stripe patterning (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Patterson, L. B., Bain, E. J., & Parichy, D. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Parichy, David M.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2014-11-06
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5299-5299
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4224114
- OpenAlex
- W2038032147
- Cited by
- 102
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (NIH-R01)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM096906, R01GM062182)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007183)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
- Keywords
- zebrafish, melanophores, iridophores, cis-regulatory evolution, colony-stimulating factor 1
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Communication, Cell Differentiation, Biological Evolution, Female, Male, Melanocytes, Phenotype, Pigmentation, Species Specificity, Time Factors, Zebrafish, Signal Transduction, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Body Patterning
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