The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Shock synthesis of amino acids from impacting cometary and icy planet surface analogues
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“When shocked with a steel projectile fired at high velocities in a light gas gun, ice mixtures made of NH 4 OH, CO 2 and CH 3 OH, were found to produce equal amounts of (R)-and (S)-alanine, a-aminoisobutyric acid and isovaline as well as their precursors.162”
From Possible chemical and physical scenarios towards biological homochirality (2022) · cites this paper as [162]
In the citing paper
“Importantly, only the impact shock is responsible for the formation of amino-acids because post-shot heating is not sufficient.”
From Possible chemical and physical scenarios towards biological homochirality (2022) · cites this paper as [162]
In the citing paper
“Price and Furukawa teams reported, in 2013 and 2015, respectively, that nucleobases and/or proteinogenic amino acids were formed under conditions which presumably reproduced the conditions of impact of celestial bodies on primitive earth.162,163”
From Possible chemical and physical scenarios towards biological homochirality (2022) · cites this paper as [162]
Citations
Cites
Microfossils of the early Archean apex chert: New evidence of the antiquity of life
Schopf, J. W. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.260.5108.640 · Cited by 1,363
Chyba, C., & Sagan, C. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/355125a0 · Cited by 1,321
Ehrenfreund, P., & Charnley, S. B. (2000) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.38.1.427 · Cited by 1,061
Evidence for Extraterrestrial Amino-acids and Hydrocarbons in the Murchison Meteorite
Kvenvolden, K. A., Lawless, J. G., Pering, K. L., Peterson, E., Flores, J. J. A., Ponnamperuma, C., Kaplan, I. R., & MOORE, C. B. (1970) · Nature · doi:10.1038/228923a0 · Cited by 867
Amino acids from ultraviolet irradiation of interstellar ice analogues
Muñoz, G. M., Meierhenrich, U. J., Schutte, W. A., Barbier, B., Arcones, A., Rosenbauer, H., Thiemann, W., Brack, A., & Greenberg, J. M. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/416403a · Cited by 850
A 3,800-million-year isotopic record of life from carbon in sedimentary rocks
Schidlowski, M. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/333313a0 · Cited by 830
Racemic amino acids from the ultraviolet photolysis of interstellar ice analogues
Bernstein, M. P., Dworkin, J. P., Sandford, S. A., Cooper, G. W., & Allamandola, L. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/416401a · Cited by 800
Organic compounds in carbonaceous meteorites
Sephton, M. A. (2002) · Natural Product Reports · doi:10.1039/b103775g · Cited by 704
Self-citationLiquid water on Enceladus from observations of ammonia and 40Ar in the plume
Waite Jr, J. H., Lewis, W. S., Magee, B. A., Lunine, J. I., McKinnon, W. B., Glein, C. R., Mousis, O., Young, D. T., Brockwell, T., Westlake, J., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08153 · Cited by 588
Cometary Delivery of Organic Molecules to the Early Earth
Chyba, C. F., Thomas, P. J., Brookshaw, L., & Sagan, C. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.11538074 · Cited by 577
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Festou, M., Uwe-Keller, H. & Weaver, H. A. Comets-II (Univ. Arizona Press, 2005).
- Blank, J. G. & Miller, G. H. in Proc. 21st Int. Symp. on Shock Waves (eds Houwing, A. F. P. et al.) 1467–1472 (Panther Press, 1998).
- Price, M. C., Burchell, M. J., Kearsley, A. T. & Cole, M. J. 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conf., Abstr. 1755 (2012).
- Henkel, T. et al. 43rd Lunar and Planetary Science Conf. Abstr. 2158 (2012).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–178 of 178
Icy ocean worlds, plumes, and tasting the water
Burchell, M. J., & Wozniakiewicz, P. J. (2024) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.14152 · Cited by 6
Self-citationAnthropics of aluminum-26 decay and biological homochirality
Sandora, M. (2017) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2017/11/025 · Cited by 6
Kurosawa, K., Moriwaki, R., Komatsu, G., Okamoto, T., Sakuma, H., Yabuta, H., & Matsui, T. (2019) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2019gl083249 · Cited by 6
New Signatures of Bio-Molecular Complexity in the Hypervelocity Impact Ejecta of Icy Moon Analogues
Singh, S. V., Dilip, H., Meka, J. K., Thiruvenkatam, V., Vishakantaiah, J., Muruganantham, M., Vijayan, S., Rajasekhar, B. N., Bhardwaj, A., Mason, N. J., et al. (2022) · Life · doi:10.3390/life12040508 · Cited by 6
Self-citationShtyrlin, V. G., Borissenok, V. A., Serov, N. Y., Геннадиевич, С. В., Алексеевич, Б. В., Трунин, И. Р., Tereshkina, I. A., Кошкин, С. А., Bukharov, M. S., Gilyazetdinov, E. M., et al. (2019) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-019-09575-8 · Cited by 6
Reply to Bada and Cleaves: Ab initio free-energy landscape of Miller-like prebiotic reactions
Saitta, A. M., Saija, F., Pietrucci, F., & Guyot, F. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1421035112 · Cited by 6
Edalati, K., Hidalgo‐Jiménez, J., Nguyen, T. T., Watanabe, M., & Taniguchi, I. (2024) · Advanced Engineering Materials · doi:10.1002/adem.202302267 · Cited by 5
Extraterrestrial Impacts Creating Architectures for Life
Singh, S. V., Jayaram, V., Meka, J. K., Thiruvenkatam, V., Vijayan, S., Bhardwaj, A., Burchell, M. J., Mason, N. J., & Sivaraman, B. (2023) · Journal of the Indian Institute of Science · doi:10.1007/s41745-023-00397-2 · Cited by 5
Self-citationSekine, Y., Genda, H., Muto, Y., Sugita, S., Kadono, T., & Matsui, T. (2014) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.034 · Cited by 6
Burchell, M. J., & Harriss, K. H. (2020) · Sci · doi:10.3390/sci2030056 · Cited by 5
Self-citationKurosawa, K., Moriwaki, R., Komatsu, G., Okamoto, T., Sakuma, H., Yabuta, H., Matsui, T., Kurosawa, K., Moriwaki, R., Komatsu, G., et al. (2019) · Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · Cited by 5
Free Energies of Reaction for Aqueous Glycine Condensation Chemistry at Extreme Temperatures
Kroonblawd, M., & Goldman, N. (2020) · Geophysical monograph · doi:10.1002/9781119508229.ch23 · Cited by 3
Self-citationCoelho, L. F., & Martins, Z. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00123-5 · Cited by 5
Self-citationAswathappa, S., Dai, L., Dhas, S. S. J., & Kumar, R. S. (2024) · Journal of Molecular Structure · doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2024.141140 · Cited by 4
Arumugam, S., Sokkalingam, R., Giri, D. R., Panghal, A., Roy, S. S., Dhas, S. A. M. B., Ramadoss, J., Ganapathy, S., Baskaran, R. B., & Jayavel, R. (2023) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.117834 · Cited by 4
Abiotic formation of glycine-alanine peptides in alkaline evaporative environments
Stimmer, J. A., Kakegawa, T., & Furukawa, Y. (2024) · GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL · doi:10.2343/geochemj.gj24018 · Cited by 4
Three-dimensional complex architectures observed in shock processed amino acid mixtures
Singh, S. V., Vishakantaiah, J., Meka, J. K., Muruganantham, M., Thiruvenkatam, V., Sivaprahasam, V., Rajasekhar, B. N., Bhardwaj, A., Mason, N. J., & Sivaraman, B. (2022) · Experimental Results · doi:10.1017/exp.2021.17 · Cited by 4
Burchell, M., & Harriss, K. (2019) · The Scientist · doi:10.3390/sci1020053 · Cited by 9
Self-citationImpact of energetic cosmic-ray ions on astrophysical ice grains
Mainitz, M., Anders, C., & Urbassek, H. M. (2016) · Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms · doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2016.09.030 · Cited by 4
An interstellar energetic and non-aqueous pathway to peptide formation
Hopkinson, A., Wilson, A. M., Pitfield, J., Muiña, A. T., Racz, R., Mifsud, D. V., Herczku, P., Lakatos, G. M., Sulik, B., Juhász, Z., et al. (2026) · Nature Astronomy · doi:10.1038/s41550-025-02765-7 · Cited by 3
Impact flash evolution of CO2 ice, water ice, and frozen Martian and lunar regolith simulant targets
Tandy, J. D., Price, M. C., Wozniakiewicz, P. J., Cole, M. J., Alesbrook, L. S., & Avdellidou, C. (2020) · Meteoritics and Planetary Science · doi:10.1111/maps.13581 · Cited by 3
Self-citationRecent Results on Computational Molecular Modeling of The Origins of Life
Carrascoza, F., & Błażewicz, J. (2020) · Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences · doi:10.2478/fcds-2020-0003 · Cited by 3
Mimura, K., & Okada, R. (2022) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2022.01.030 · Cited by 3
Dash, S. R., Pandya, R., Singh, G., Sharma, H., Das, T., Haldar, H., Hotha, S., & Vanka, K. (2024) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d4cc03074e · Cited by 4
On the response of Escherichia coli to high rates of deformation
Fitzmaurice, B. C., Painter, J. D., Appleby-Thomas, G. J., Wood, D. C., Hazael, R., & McMillan, P. F. (2017) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/1.4971722 · Cited by 3
Synthesis of TiCx Powder via the Underwater Explosion of an Explosive
Tanaka, S., Bataev, I. A., Hamashima, H., Tsurui, A., & Hokamoto, K. (2018) · Metals and Materials International · doi:10.1007/s12540-018-0132-5 · Cited by 3
Borzosekov, V. D., Akhmadullina, N. S., Sokolov, A. S., Gayanova, T. E., Резаева, А. Д., Stepakhin, V. D., Кончеков, Е. М., Малахов, Д. В., Voronova, E. V., Nugaev, I. R., et al. (2024) · Solar System Research · doi:10.1134/s0038094624700138 · Cited by 2
Aswathappa, S., Dai, L., Dhas, S. S. J., Hu, H., Lv, B., Liu, X., Xu, Z., & Aldawood, S. A. (2026) · Journal of Molecular Structure · doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2026.145808 · Cited by 2
Aswathappa, S., Dai, L., Dhas, S. S. J., Kumar, R. S., Freire, P. T. C., Gomes, W. P., Hu, H., Lv, B., Liu, X., & Devaraj, M. (2026) · Journal of Raman Spectroscopy · doi:10.1002/jrs.70182 · Cited by 2
A new compact, self-compressing, vertical one and two-stage gas gun at the University of Kent
Price, M. C., Cole, M. J., Harriss, K. H., Alesbrook, L. S., Burchell, M. J., & Wozniakiewicz, P. J. (2023) · International Journal of Impact Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2023.104828 · Cited by 2
Self-citationMaia, G. P., da Silva, J. A. L., André, V., & Galvão, A. M. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28248006 · Cited by 2
Impacts on Ocean Worlds Are Sufficiently Frequent and Energetic to Be of Astrobiological Importance
MacKenzie, S., Pontefract, A. J., Daly, R. T., Buffo, J., Osinski, G. R., Cline, C. J., Cintala, M. J., Craft, K. L., Kinczyk, M. J., Hedgepeth, J. E., et al. (2024) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ad656b · Cited by 2
Fitzmaurice, B. C., Appleby-Thomas, G. J., Painter, J. D., Wood, D. C., & Hazael, R. (2020) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2020.114221 · Cited by 2
Effects of Glycine, Water, Ammonia, and Ammonium Bicarbonate on the Oligomerization of Methionine
Huang, R., Furukawa, Y., Otake, T., & Kakegawa, T. (2016) · Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres · doi:10.1007/s11084-016-9518-x · Cited by 2
The Origin and Early Evolution of Life: Prebiotic Chemistry of Biomolecules
Fiore, M. (2019) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03921-607-9 · Cited by 2
A Computational Quantum-Based Perspective on the Molecular Origins of Life’s Building Blocks
Amante, G., Šponer, J. E., Šponer, J., Saija, F., & Cassone, G. (2022) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e24081012 · Cited by 2
High-Pressure Torsion: From Miniature Earthquake to the Origin of Life
Edalati, K., Taniguchi, I., Floriano, R., & Luchessi, A. D. (2023) · Key engineering materials · doi:10.4028/p-oz9xjs · Cited by 1
Maia, G. P., Gonçalves, C., Carvalho, A. P., André, V., Galvão, A. M., Ribeiro, A. P. C., Pinheiro, P. F., & da Silva, J. A. L. (2025) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app15031363 · Cited by 1
Ochiai, Y., Ida, S., & Shoji, D. (2025) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116736 · Cited by 1
Bründl, T.-M., van Scheltinga, J. T., Cazaux, S. M., Chuang, K.-J., & Linnartz, H. (2025) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2025.116751 · Cited by 1
Mieno, T., Nakamura, S., Sekiguchi, S., Hasegawa, S., Shibata, H., Kebukawa, Y., & Kobayashi, K. (2025) · Discover Life · doi:10.1007/s11084-025-09709-1 · Cited by 1
Zhang, Z., Jiang, H.-F., Ju, P., Pan, L., Rouillard, J., Zhou, G., Huang, F., & Hao, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1032073 · Cited by 2
Sturrup, C., & Szynkiewicz, A. A. (2025) · Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research · doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108402 · Cited by 1
Interstellar chemical reactions toward the synthesis of the life's building blocks
Cassone, G., & Saija, F. (2021) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2021.05.001 · Cited by 1
Reply to “Comment on ‘Prebiotic Chemistry Within a Simple Impacting Icy Mixture’”
Goldman, N., & Tamblyn, I. (2013) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/jp411584g · Cited by 1
Self-citationNelson, A. O. (2016) · CU Scholar (University of Colorado Boulder) · Cited by 1
Life: how it began and how it survives
Bowler, S. (2015) · Astronomy & Geophysics · doi:10.1093/astrogeo/atv025
Carbonaceous Material in Extra-terrestrial Matter
Martins, Z. (2015) · Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union · doi:10.1017/s1743921316003008
Self-citationHow Did Initial Life-Related Molecules Appear on Earth?
Makishima, A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812058-3.00009-0
Origin and Evolution of Life-Related Molecules
Makishima, A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817054-0.00024-2
Surendra, V. S., Jayaram, V., Karthik, S., Vijayan, S., Chandrasekaran, V., Thombre, R. S., Vijay, T., Sekhar, B. N. R., Bhardwaj, A., Jagadeesh, G., et al. (2019) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1906.05958
Kawamura, K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30363-1_1
Managadze, G. G. (2022) · International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology · doi:10.22214/ijraset.2022.40049
Astrochemistry: Water and Organic Molecules in Comets
Meierhenrich, U. J. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527412778.ch3
The new frontier of an IOM-based panspermia hypothesis: Perspectives and feasibility
Manini, P., & d’Ischia, M. (2022) · Physics of Life Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.plrev.2022.06.005
Review 1: Three-dimensional complex architectures observed in shock processed amino acid mixtures
(2021) · Experimental Results · doi:10.1017/exp.2021.17.pr1
Review 2: Three-dimensional complex architectures observed in shock processed amino acid mixtures
(2021) · Experimental Results · doi:10.1017/exp.2021.17.pr2
Arumugam, S., Sokkalingam, R., Giri, D. R., Roy, S. S., Panghal, A., Dhas, S. A. M. B., Ramadoss, J., Ganapathy, S., Baskaran, R. B., & Jayavel, R. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4486642
Arumugam, S., Sokkalingam, R., Giri, D. R., Roy, S. S., Dhas, S. A. M. B., Ramadoss, J., Ganapathy, S., Baskaran, R. B., & Jayavel, R. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4599081
Makishima, A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23938-0.00008-x
Borzosekov, V. D., Akhmadullina, N. S., Соколов, А. С., Gayanova, T. E., Резаева, А. Д., Stepakhin, V. D., Кончеков, Е. М., Малахов, Д. В., Voronova, E. V., Nugaev, I. R., et al. (2024) · Solar System Research · doi:10.31857/s0320930x24030049
Kawaguchi, S. I. (2025) · Nihon Kessho Gakkaishi · doi:10.5940/jcrsj.67.105
Building blocks of life could be formed on comets
Bissette, A. J. (2013) · doi:10.64628/ab.4upg6fr3u
Thompson, S. P., & Day, S. J. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1457
Pham, C. H., Goldman, N., Fried, L. E., Lindsey, R., Gaffney, J., & Bremer, P. (2026) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/5.0312621
Self-citationInfluence of Fe-Rich Materials on the Evolution of Amino Acids under Asteroidal Aqueous Alteration
He, Y., Rémusat, L., Lecasble, M., Boulesteix, D., Khodorova, N., Baudin, F., Buch, A., & Bernard, S. (2026) · ACS Earth and Space Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.5c00193
Behavior of biomolecules under high-pressure torsion and its implications for astrobiology
Edalati, K. (2026) · High Pressure Research · doi:10.1080/08957959.2026.2649865
Fresneau, A. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/89d0216az5315z4c91zb06bz43d35ae3bb71
Modica, P. (2014) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e710cc5dzd3b7z4914z8d75z12d82f077ef7 · Cited by 1
Phosphorylation of prebiotic precursors on the early Earth
Shvetsova, A. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/f29e48aezf058z4ca4za37czb7fc87d89620
Aswathappa, S., Dai, L., Dhas, S. S. J., Hu, H., Devaraj, M., Sun, W., Kong, W., Dai, Q., & Aldawood, S. A. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6580207
Muniraj, D., Sivaprakash, P., Kim, I.-S., & A., M. B. D. S. (2026) · Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie · doi:10.1515/zpch-2025-0156
Aswathappa, S., Dai, L., Dhas, S. S. J., Hu, H., Devaraj, M., Sun, W., Kong, W., Dai, Q., & Aldawood, S. (2026) · Journal of Molecular Structure · doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2026.147162
Gelato: A Mission Concept for Comet Surface Sample Return
Kinczyk, M. J., Buffo, G. E., Aaron-Hennig, L. M., Boone, S., Frizzell, E. S., Flom, A., Raj, C. G., Harris, C., Hyder, A., Idini, B., et al. (2026) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ae771f
Updated view on Titan’s habitability: interior and surface aqueous environments
Gonçalves, D., Coelho, L., Miranda, C., & Martins, Z. (2026) · Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences · doi:10.3389/fspas.2026.1916097
Self-citationEnceladus: Exploring a Habitable Ocean Beyond Earth
Dávila, A. F., Neveu, M. F., Kang, W., Hoehler, T. M., MacKenzie, S., German, C. R., Hurford, T. A., & Eigenbrode, J. L. (2026) · Geosciences · doi:10.3390/geosciences16100405
Hao, J.-H., Liu, C., Liu, F.-X., Zhang, C.-T., Mondal, J. A., Glein, C., Cardon, H., Montagnac, G., Cao, X.-B., & Daniel, I. (2026) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aec2045
Metadata
- Authors
- Martins, Z., Price, M. C., Goldman, N., Sephton, M. A., & Burchell, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Kent (GB)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- Corresponding author
- Martins, Zita
- Price, Mark C.
- Venue
- Nature Geoscience
- Published
- 2013-09-15
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1045-1049
- ISSN
- 1752-0894 (ISSN-L)
- 1752-0908
- OpenAlex
- W2016078433
- Cited by
- 178
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 8.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Geoscience (publishedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Royal Society
- Directorate of Science and Technology
- Science and Technology Facilities Council (ST/K000888/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life
- Keywords
- shock synthesis, amino acids, cometary ices, hypervelocity impact, glycine, alanine, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, isovaline, non-protein amino acids, prebiotic chemistry, comets, origin of life, Stardust mission
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review