The DOI matches its Crossref record; 57 of the 57 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
HIV-1 evades virus-specific IgG2 and IgA responses by targeting systemic and intestinal B cells via long-range intercellular conduits
Open accessAbstract
Contact-dependent communication between immune cells generates protection but also facilitates viral spread. Here we found that macrophages formed long-range actin-propelled conduits in response to negative factor (Nef), a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protein with immunosuppressive functions. Conduits attenuated immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) and IgA class switching in systemic and intestinal lymphoid follicles by shuttling Nef from infected macrophages to B cells through a guanine-exchange factor-dependent pathway involving the amino-terminal anchor, central core and carboxy-terminal flexible loop of Nef. By showing stronger virus-specific IgG2 and IgA responses in patients with Nef-deficient virions, our data suggest that HIV-1 exploits intercellular 'highways' as a 'Trojan horse' to deliver Nef to B cells and evade humoral immunity systemically and at mucosal sites of entry.
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“The HIV accessory protein, Nef, has been reported to mediate the formation of TNTs in infected macrophages via the cellular protein M-sec [113], and by enhancing the production of the motor protein myosin-X [114]. Moreover, Nef is capable of translocating from HIV-1-infected macrophages to B cells through nanotubes, where it exerts anti-immune activity by inhibiting the production of antiviral IgG”
From HIV-1 and HTLV-1 Transmission Modes: Mechanisms and Importance for Virus Spread (2022) · cites this paper as [115]
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2 retracted
RETRACTED ARTICLE: DCs induce CD40-independent immunoglobulin class switching through BLyS and APRIL
Litinskiy, M. B., Nardelli, B., Hilbert, D. M., He, B., Schaffer, A., Casali, P., & Cerutti, A. (2002) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni829 · Cited by 1,252
Self-citationRetractedQiao, X., He, B., Chiu, A., Knowles, D. M., Chadburn, A., & Cerutti, A. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1302 · Cited by 199
Self-citationRetractedNanotubular Highways for Intercellular Organelle Transport
Rustom, A., Saffrich, R., Markovic, I., Walther, P., & Gerdes, H.-H. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093133 · Cited by 2,038
Lane, H. C., Masur, H., Edgar, L. C., Whalen, G., Rook, A. H., & Fauci, A. S. (1983) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198308253090803 · Cited by 1,600
Importance of the nef gene for maintenance of high virus loads and for development of AIDS
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Transcription factor IRF4 controls plasma cell differentiation and class-switch recombination
Klein, U., Casola, S. S., Cattoretti, G., Shen, Q. “., Lia, M., Mo, T., Ludwig, T. E., Rajewsky, K., & Dalla‐Favera, R. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1357 · Cited by 820
HIV vaccine design and the neutralizing antibody problem
Burton, D. R., Desrosiers, R. C., Doms, R. W., Koff, W. C., Kwong, P. D., Moore, J. P., Nabel, G. J., Sodroski, J., Wilson, I. A., & Wyatt, R. T. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni0304-233 · Cited by 765
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Tunneling nanotubes contribute to Zika virus pathogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface in vivo
Michita, R. T., Tran, L. B., Jose, J., & Mysorekar, I. U. (2026) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.01562-26
Viral evolution of T1L mammalian orthoreovirus enhances breast cancer stem-like cell killing
Ortiz, N. I. R., Boytim, E., Miller, K., Dohlen, G. V., Hwang, J. H., Danthi, P., & Ostrander, J. H. (2026) · npj Breast Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41523-026-01053-5
Metadata
- Authors
- Xu, W., Santini, P. A., Sullivan, J. S., He, B., Shan, M., Ball, S. C., Dyer, W. B., Ketas, T. J., Chadburn, A., Cohen-Gould, L., Knowles, D. M., Chiu, A., Sanders, R. W., Chen, K., & Cerutti, A.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Cerutti, Andrea
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Immunology
- Published
- 2009-08-02
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1008-1017
- ISSN
- 1529-2908 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2916
- PMC
- PMC2784687
- OpenAlex
- W1968201178
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 11.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI074378, R01AI057653-S1, AI 07621, T32AI007621, R01AI057653)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV-related health complications and treatments
- Keywords
- HIV-1, Nef protein, macrophages, B cells, IgG2, IgA, class switch recombination, guanine nucleotide exchange factor, mucosal immunity
- MeSH terms
- Actins, B-Lymphocytes, Cell Communication, Humans, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G, Macrophages, HIV Antibodies, HIV-1, HIV Core Protein p24, Immunoglobulin Class Switching, Germinal Center, CD40 Antigens, U937 Cells, nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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