The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Evidence for light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Open accessAbstract
Light-by-light scattering (γγ → γγ) is a quantum-mechanical process that is forbidden in the classical theory of electrodynamics. This reaction is accessible at the Large Hadron Collider thanks to the large electromagnetic field strengths generated by ultra-relativistic colliding lead ions. Using 480 μb−1 of lead–lead collision data recorded at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV by the ATLAS detector, here we report evidence for light-by-light scattering. A total of 13 candidate events were observed with an expected background of 2.6 ± 0.7 events. After background subtraction and analysis corrections, the fiducial cross-section of the process Pb + Pb (γγ) → Pb(∗) + Pb(∗)γγ, for photon transverse energy ET > 3 GeV, photon absolute pseudorapidity |η| < 2.4, diphoton invariant mass greater than 6 GeV, diphoton transverse momentum lower than 2 GeV and diphoton acoplanarity below 0.01, is measured to be 70 ± 24 (stat.) ± 17 (syst.) nb, which is in agreement with the standard model predictions. Quantum electrodynamics predicts a rare process in which light is scattered by light. The ATLAS Collaboration reports signs of this elusive effect in the collisions of ultra-relativistic lead ions.
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Cited by
Ozawa, T., Price, H. M., Amo, A., Goldman, N., Hafezi, M., Lu, L., Rechtsman, M. C., Schuster, D., Simon, J., Zilberberg, O., et al. (2019) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.91.015006 · Cited by 3,722
Charged particle motion and radiation in strong electromagnetic fields
Gonoskov, A., Blackburn, T. G., Marklund, M., & Bulanov, S. S. (2022) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.94.045001 · Cited by 336
How to exploit driving and dissipation to stabilize and manipulate quantum many-body states
Carusotto, I. (2025) · Comptes Rendus. Physique · doi:10.5802/crphys.258 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- ATLAS Collaboration
- Venue
- Nature Physics
- Published
- 2017-08-14
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 852-858
- ISSN
- 1745-2473 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-2481
- OpenAlex
- W2587206624
- Cited by
- 379
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 17.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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