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Optimized axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) husbandry, breeding, metamorphosis, transgenesis and tamoxifen-mediated recombination
Abstract
The axolotl (Mexican salamander, Ambystoma mexicanum) has become a very useful model organism for studying limb and spinal cord regeneration because of its high regenerative capacity. Here we present a protocol for successfully mating and breeding axolotls in the laboratory throughout the year, for metamorphosing axolotls by a single i.p. injection and for axolotl transgenesis using I-SceI meganuclease and the mini Tol2 transposon system. Tol2-mediated transgenesis provides different features and advantages compared with I-SceI-mediated transgenesis, and it can result in more than 30% of animals expressing the transgene throughout their bodies so that they can be directly used for experimentation. By using Tol2-mediated transgenesis, experiments can be performed within weeks (e.g., 5-6 weeks for obtaining 2-3-cm-long larvae) without the need to establish germline transgenic lines (which take 12-18 months). In addition, we describe here tamoxifen-induced Cre-mediated recombination in transgenic axolotls.
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Sorted by citations
Single-cell analysis uncovers convergence of cell identities during axolotl limb regeneration
Gerber, T., Murawala, P., Knapp, D., Masselink, W., Schuez, M., Hermann, S., Gac-Santel, M., Nowoshilow, S., Kageyama, J., Khattak, S., et al. (2018) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaq0681 · Cited by 415
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Metadata
- Authors
- Khattak, S., Murawala, P., Andreas, H., Kappert, V., Schuez, M., Sandoval-Guzmán, T., Crawford, K., & Tanaka, E. M.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics (DE)
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Tanaka, Elly M
- Venue
- Nature Protocols
- Published
- 2014-02-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 529-540
- ISSN
- 1750-2799 (ISSN-L)
- 1754-2189
- OpenAlex
- W2070353993
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Protocols (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Planarian Biology and Electrostimulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Zebrafish Biomedical Research Applications
- Keywords
- axolotl, metamorphosis, Tol2 transposon, I-SceI meganuclease, transgenesis, limb regeneration, spinal cord regeneration, model organisms
- MeSH terms
- Ambystoma mexicanum, Animals, Animal Husbandry, Breeding, Metamorphosis, Biological, Recombination, Genetic, Tamoxifen, Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific, Gene Transfer Techniques, Transposases, Models, Animal, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
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