Targeting metastasis
Open accessAbstract
Tumour metastasis, the movement of tumour cells from a primary site to progressively colonize distant organs, is a major contributor to the deaths of cancer patients. Therapeutic goals are the prevention of an initial metastasis in high-risk patients, shrinkage of established lesions and prevention of additional metastases in patients with limited disease. Instead of being autonomous, tumour cells engage in bidirectional interactions with metastatic microenvironments to alter antitumour immunity, the extracellular milieu, genomic stability, survival signalling, chemotherapeutic resistance and proliferative cycles. Can targeting of these interactions significantly improve patient outcomes? In this Review preclinical research, combination therapies and clinical trial designs are re-examined.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 257 · Cited by 1,363
- Authors
- Steeg, P. S.
- Affiliations
- National Cancer Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Steeg, Patricia S.
- ORCID
- Steeg, Patricia S.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Cancer
- Published
- 2016-03-24
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 201-218
- ISSN
- 1474-175X (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1768
- PMC
- PMC7055530
- OpenAlex
- W4211214747
- Cited by
- 1,363
- References
- 257
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 153 · 2023: 134 · 2022: 164 · 2021: 171 · 2020: 212 · 2019: 125 · 2018: 113 · 2017: 118 · 2016: 24
- FWCI
- 12.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Cancer (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (Z01BC010641)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mechanisms of cancer metastasis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Management of metastatic bone disease
- Keywords
- tumour metastasis, metastasis-directed therapy, metastatic microenvironment, antitumor immunity, genome stability, chemoresistance, combination therapy, clinical trial design, preclinical research, metastasis prevention
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
