The DOI matches its Crossref record; 182 of the 182 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Understanding resistance to EGFR inhibitors—impact on future treatment strategies
Open accessAbstract
EGFR is a tyrosine kinase that participates in the regulation of cellular homeostasis. Following ligand binding, EGFR stimulates downstream cell signaling cascades that influence cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, survival and complex processes, including angiogenesis and tumorigenesis. EGFR has been strongly implicated in the biology of human epithelial malignancies, with therapeutic applications in cancers of the colon, head and neck, lung, and pancreas. Accordingly, targeting EGFR has been intensely pursued, with the development of a series of promising molecular inhibitors for use in clinical oncology. As is common in cancer therapy, challenges with respect to treatment resistance emerge over time. This situation is certainly true of EGFR inhibitor therapies, where intrinsic and acquired resistance is now well recognized. In this Review, we provide a brief overview regarding the biology of EGFR, preclinical and clinical development of EGFR inhibitors, and molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of treatment resistance. A greater understanding of the mechanisms that lead to EGFR resistance may provide valuable insights to help design new strategies that will enhance the impact of this promising class of inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Therefore, other PI3K pathway activating lesions commonly found in GBM, such as the activation of other RTKs (6, 12, 39), could also promote increased LDLR expression.”
From An LXR Agonist Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Death through Inhibition of an EGFR/AKT/SREBP-1/LDLR–Dependent Pathway (2011) · cites this paper as [39]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Lynch, T. J., Bell, D. W., Sordella, R., Gurubhagavatula, S., Okimoto, R. A., Brannigan, B. W., Harris, P. L., Haserlat, S. M., Supko, J. G., Haluska, F. G., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa040938 · Cited by 11,486
EGFR Mutations in Lung Cancer: Correlation with Clinical Response to Gefitinib Therapy
Paez, J. G., Jänne, P. A., Lee, J. C., Tracy, S., Greulich, H., Gabriel, S., Herman, P., Kaye, F. J., Lindeman, N., Boggon, T. J., et al. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1099314 · Cited by 9,368
Untangling the ErbB signalling network
Yarden, Y., & Sliwkowski, M. X. (2001) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35052073 · Cited by 6,974
Erlotinib in Previously Treated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Shepherd, F. A., Rodrigues Pereira, J., Ciuleanu, T., Tan, E. H., Hirsh, V., Thongprasert, S., Campos, D., Maoleekoonpiroj, S., Smylie, M., Martins, R., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa050753 · Cited by 5,419
Radiotherapy plus Cetuximab for Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Bonner, J. A., Harari, P. M., Giralt, J., Azarnia, N., Shin, D. M., Cohen, R. B., Jones, C. U., Sur, R. K., Raben, D., Jassem, J., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa053422 · Cited by 5,109
Self-citationCunningham, D., Humblet, Y., Siena, S., Khayat, D., Bleiberg, H., Santoro, A., Bets, D., Mueser, M., Harstrick, A., Verslype, C., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa033025 · Cited by 5,035
MET Amplification Leads to Gefitinib Resistance in Lung Cancer by Activating ERBB3 Signaling
Engelman, J. A., Zejnullahu, K., Mitsudomi, T., Song, Y., Hyland, C., Park, J. O., Lindeman, N., Gale, C.-M., Zhao, X., Christensen, J., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1141478 · Cited by 4,496
Pao, W., Miller, V., Zakowski, M., Doherty, J., Politi, K., Sarkaria, I., Singh, B., Heelan, R., Rusch, V., Fulton, L., et al. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0405220101 · Cited by 4,338
EGFR Mutation and Resistance of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Gefitinib
Kobayashi, S., Boggon, T. J., Dayaram, T., Jänne, P. A., Kocher, O., Meyerson, M., Johnson, B. E., Eck, M. J., Tenen, D. G., & Halmos, B. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa044238 · Cited by 3,964
Cetuximab and Chemotherapy as Initial Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Van Cutsem, E., Köhne, C.-H., Hitre, E., Zaluski, J., Chang Chien, C.-R., Makhson, A., D'Haens, G., Pintér, T., Lim, R., Bodoky, G., et al. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0805019 · Cited by 3,877
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–687 of 687
A Role For Lipid Rafts In Egfr Tki Resistance In Breast Cancer
Irwin, M. E. (2010) · Human Biology
Caracterização da expressão de microRNAS em carcinoma de mama triplo negativo
Filho, C. M. C. C. (2014) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2014.tde-29102014-165054
Optimising intratumoural treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma mouse models with EBC-46
Barnett, C. M. E. (2015) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2015.895
Improving Women's Health: Advances, Failures and Cancer Genome Prospects
Katsios, C. G., Zoras, O., & Roukos, D. H. (2010) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/whe.10.68
Hendrix, L. N., Hamilton, D. A., & Kyprianou, N. (2013) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1586/17446651.2013.811914
Targeting the cancer cell state
Myung, K. (2015) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.1080/15384101.2015.1063294
Rational Design and Development of Anti-Angiogenic Protein Agents
Yin, L. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/2387572
Basic and translational studies on species B adenoviruses
Wang, H. (2012) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
The Clinical Significance of Mutations in Colorectal Cancer
Huang, F. W., Kleiman, L. B., & Hong, T. S. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8412-7_8
EGFR and c-Met Cross Talk in Glioblastoma and Its Regulation by Human
Velpula, K. K., Dasari, V. R., Asuthkar, S., Gorantla, B., & Tsung, A. J. (2012)
Психолого-Педагогічні Умови Формування Толерантності У Дітей Старшого Дошкільного Віку
Ляпунова, В. (2016) · INFM-OAR (INFN Catania) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.47906 · Cited by 1
The Tumor Microenvironment as a Target for Therapeutic Intervention
Hua, F., & DeClerck, Y. A. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468678.ch5
Towards functional multiscale analysis of colorectal cancer
Briffa, R. (2014) · ERA
Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor: An important strategy in oncology
Kharatmol, M. G., & Jagdale, D. M. (2017) · International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences · doi:10.22376/ijpbs.2017.8.1.p174-182
Photonic modulation of EGFR: 280nm low level light arrests cancer cell activation and migration
Botelho, C., Marques, R., Thiagarajan, V., Gonçalves, O. S. L., Vorum, H., Gomes, A. C., & Neves‐Petersen, M. T. (2017) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.2249038
Targeting of EGFR Induced Signaling Network in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Perk, A. A., Batool, R., Kanwal, S., Pawlak-Adamska, E., Nowak, O., Ahmad, M. S., Mansoor, Q., Romero, M. A., Awan, M., Farooqı, A. A., et al. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53082-6_7
Polireddy, K. (2015) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Importance of Mutation Analysis in Anti‐Cancer Therapy
Yu, B. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470015902.a0026561
A network‑based analysis for mining the risk pathways in glioblastoma
Li, J., Xie, Y., Zhang, C., Wang, J., Wu, Y., Yang, Y., Xie, Y., & Lv, Z. (2019) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2019.10598
What Are the New Challenges of the Current Cancer Biomarkers?
Chen, J., Yang, L., Duan, Y., Pu, T., Zheng, S., Liu, F., Huang, K., Mirt, G., & Xu, F. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.89976
Erçelep, Ö. (2020) · Turkish Journal of Oncology · doi:10.5505/tjo.2020.2207
McGarry, S. (2020) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-25730
Zhou, C., Qian, X., Wang, M., Dong, X., Hu, M., Liang, K., Liang, Y., Zhang, R., Huang, Y., Tang, Y., et al. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3915007
Hart, M. R. (2013) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
(2011) · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/mcp.0b013e328348331c
Blobel, C. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821618-7.00049-3
Tolba, K. A. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-26568-3.00014-2
Weiner, L. M., & Wu, C. S.-Y. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6613-0_27-2
Weiner, L. M., & Wu, C. S.-Y. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0717-2_27
Piptides: New, Easily Accessible Chemotypes For Interactions With Biomolecules
Arancillo, M., Taechalertpaisarn, J., Liang, X., & Burgess, K. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202015203
Screening for EGFR and AKT dual-target inhibitorsPreprint
Yang, H.-Y., Zhang, Z., Yu, J., Liu, C., & Lu, W. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2608995/v1
Data from InsR/IGF1R Pathway Mediates Resistance to EGFR Inhibitors in Glioblastoma
Ma, Y., Tang, N., Thompson, R. C., Mobley, B. C., Clark, S. W., Sarkaria, J. N., & Wang, J. (2023) · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.c.6524027.v1
Guo, D., Reinitz, F., Youssef, M., Hong, C., Nathanson, D. A., Akhavan, D., Kuga, D., Amzajerdi, A. N., Soto, H., Zhu, S., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1158/2159-8290.c.6545703.v1
Adoptive T-Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Lung Cancer
Rajangam, J., Palanimuthu, V. R., Upadhyay, D. K., Mohapatra, L., Sivaramakumar, N., Palei, N. N., & Soni, P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7141-1_7
Effects of EGFR Inhibitors on Proton Pump Function in Gastric Mucosa and Its Mechanism
Wu, R. (2024) · International Journal of Public Health and Medical Research · doi:10.62051/ijphmr.v1n3.08
Li, Y., & Xiang, S. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-7274-2_2
Wang, H., Zhang, Q., Liu, Y., Tang, J., Xiu, C., & Zhang, R. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-17884-4
EGFR-targeted gadolinium contrast agents for enhanced molecular magnetic resonance imaging of tumors
Chen, M., Chen, J., Ren, X., Liu, C., Bai, C., Wang, X., Duan, J., Ai, S., Yan, X., Yang, F., et al. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.110992
Xian, X., Gong, R., Rong, S., Zhang, Z., Jia, F., Lin, L., Chen, Z., Eymin, B., & Jia, T. (2025) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2025.11.031
Huang, D., Lu, T., Du, X., Xi, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., & Sun, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12171774
Geng, Y., Zheng, X., Zhang, D., Wei, S., Feng, J., Wang, W., Zhang, L., Wu, C., & Hu, W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26716978
Geng, Y., Zheng, X., Zhang, D., Wei, S., Feng, J., Wang, W., Zhang, L., Wu, C., & Hu, W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26716990
Huang, D., Lu, T., Du, X., Xi, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., & Sun, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12171786
Iida, M., McDaniel, N. K., Kostecki, K. L., Welke, N. B., Kranjac, C. A., Liu, P., Longhurst, C. A., Bruce, J. Y., Hong, S., Salgia, R., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19642699
Self-citationHuang, D., Lu, T., Du, X., Xi, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., & Sun, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12171780
Huang, D., Lu, T., Du, X., Xi, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., & Sun, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12171798
Geng, Y., Zheng, X., Zhang, D., Wei, S., Feng, J., Wang, W., Zhang, L., Wu, C., & Hu, W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26716993
Iida, M., McDaniel, N. K., Kostecki, K. L., Welke, N. B., Kranjac, C. A., Liu, P., Longhurst, C. A., Bruce, J. Y., Hong, S., Salgia, R., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19642693
Self-citationHuang, D., Lu, T., Du, X., Xi, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., & Sun, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12171753
Huang, D., Lu, T., Du, X., Xi, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., & Sun, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12171759
Guo, T., Wu, C., Zhang, J., Yu, J., Li, G., Jiang, H., Zhang, X., Yu, R., & Liu, X. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24873108
Geng, Y., Zheng, X., Zhang, D., Wei, S., Feng, J., Wang, W., Zhang, L., Wu, C., & Hu, W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26716984
Geng, Y., Zheng, X., Zhang, D., Wei, S., Feng, J., Wang, W., Zhang, L., Wu, C., & Hu, W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26716981
Geng, Y., Zheng, X., Zhang, D., Wei, S., Feng, J., Wang, W., Zhang, L., Wu, C., & Hu, W. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26716987
Iida, M., McDaniel, N. K., Kostecki, K. L., Welke, N. B., Kranjac, C. A., Liu, P., Longhurst, C. A., Bruce, J. Y., Hong, S., Salgia, R., et al. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.19642696
Self-citationHuang, D., Lu, T., Du, X., Xi, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., & Sun, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12171765
Huang, D., Lu, T., Du, X., Xi, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., & Sun, F. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12171792
Advances in magnetic and luminescent nanomaterials for smart targeted drug delivery
Khan, Z. U., Khan, L. U., Gul, I., Khan, M. A., & Lopes, T. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88660-4.00004-1
Monteiro, P. H., & Ferreira, L. A. (2024) · Archive of International Journal of Cancer and Allied Science · doi:10.51847/frbluzb4yz
Molecular mechanisms of aneuploidy-mediated stress-resistance
Kucharavy, A. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/1194da4bzebb1z49a1zbf33z4aa4101d485f
Vermeulen, O. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/277aa48cz7ec5z4c99z9fe9z34e8ea73f6b5
Magnoliae flos Overcomes EGFR ‐ TKI Resistance in NSCLC by Enhancing EGFR Ubiquitination
Wu, Q., Su, Q., Zhu, M. L., Yang, T., Tang, W., Hu, Y., Ren, J., Peng, X., Zhang, S., & Zhang, Y. (2026) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.70311
Elkaeed, E. B., Elkady, H., Elgammal, W. E., Nofal, A. S., Mahdy, H. A., Husein, D. Z., Amin, F. G., Alsfouk, A. A., Eissa, I. H., & Metwaly, A. M. (2026) · Journal of Chemical Research · doi:10.1177/17475198261442267
Development of a G-Quadruplex-Forming DNA Aptamer Against EGFR-Driven MalignanciesPreprint
Singh, D., Kumar, V., Kumar, A., Kushwaha, T., Baswal, K., Kulandaisamy, R., Kumar, M., Kumar, S., Malik, P. S., Prafullakumar, T., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9758197/v1
Development of a G-Quadruplex-Forming DNA Aptamer Against EGFR-Driven MalignanciesPreprint
Singh, D., Kumar, V., Kumar, A., Kushwaha, T., Baswal, K., Kulandaisamy, R., Kumar, M., Kumar, S., Malik, P. S., Prafullakumar, T., et al. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-9758197/v2
Bhalerao, H. A., Dhurjad, P., Bharate, A., & Sonti, R. (2026) · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2026.117622
Satrusal, S. R., Banerjee, A., Biswas, A., Srivastava, G., Chatterjee, I., Khan, M. A., Mandal, B., Tripathi, K., Sinha, A., Verma, A., et al. (2026) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2026.08.034 · Cited by 1
Xu, T., Zhao, Y., Chen, M., Zuo, L., Cai, H., Liu, Y., Liu, C., & Shi, J. (2026) · Chemical Biology & Drug Design · doi:10.1111/cbdd.70391
Chae, Y. K., Dietrich, E., Patel, S. P., Zalupski, M. M., Kasi, A., Khalil, M. F., Kalyan, A., Polite, B. N., Fenton, S. E., Chung, L. I., et al. (2026) · Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology · doi:10.1177/17588359261458742
Natural products as kinase modulators: A pathway to combat gastric cancer
Basheeruddin, M., Qausain, S., Khan, M. K. A., & Anjankar, A. P. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-27544-9.00008-8
BindingDB (2020) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q25x2cjz
BindingDB (2025) · UC San Diego · doi:10.7270/q2th8scq
Stegeman, H. (2013) · Radboud Repository (Radboud University)
WITHAFERIN A: A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR MALIGANT BRAIN TUMORS
Grogan, P. T. (2014) · KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)
Molecular Testing in Pulmonary Tumors
Tanguay, J., Karimi, S., Hwang, D. M., & Tsao, M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-8050-2_13
Metadata
- Authors
- Wheeler, D. L., Dunn, E. F., & Harari, P. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wheeler, Deric L.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology
- Published
- 2010-06-15
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 493-507
- ISSN
- 1759-4774 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-4782
- PMC
- PMC2929287
- OpenAlex
- W2053439872
- Cited by
- 683
- References
- 182
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 50 · 2016: 46 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 66 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 64
- FWCI
- 6.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5t32ca009614-25)
- U.S. Public Health Service (P30CAO14520)
- National Cancer Institute (T-32 CA 0096-14, R01CA113448)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025011)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
- Keywords
- EGFR inhibitors, EGFR, acquired drug resistance, intrinsic resistance, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, resistance mechanisms, EGFR signaling, epithelial malignancies, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, combination therapy
- MeSH terms
- Cetuximab, Erlotinib Hydrochloride, Gefitinib, Panitumumab, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antineoplastic Agents, Humans, Neoplasms, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Quinazolines, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Treatment Outcome, Disease Progression, ras Proteins, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, ErbB Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review