The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Phase II and Phase III attrition rates 2011–2012
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, the success rate of anticancer drugs in clinical trials is very low, with over 80% of drug candidates failing during clinical screening due to weak efficacy or adverse events4–7.”
From Tumor-on-a-chip: from bioinspired design to biomedical application (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gaulton, A., Hersey, A., Nowotka, M., Bento, A. P., Chambers, J. K., Méndez, D., Mutowo, P., Atkinson, F. L., Bellis, L. J., Cibrián–Uhalte, E., et al. (2016) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkw1074 · Cited by 2,394
The support of human genetic evidence for approved drug indications
Nelson, M. R., Tipney, H., Painter, J. L., Shen, J., Nicoletti, P., Shen, Y., Floratos, A., Sham, P. C., Li, M. J., Wang, J., et al. (2015) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3314 · Cited by 1,666
Three-dimensional in vitro cell culture models in drug discovery and drug repositioning
Langhans, S. A. (2018) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00006 · Cited by 1,522
“Currently, more than half of all drugs fail in Phase II and Phase III clinical trials due to a lack of efficacy and about another third of drugs fail due to safety issues including an insufficient therapeutic index (Arrowsmith and Miller, 2013).”
BackgroundGao, H., Korn, J. M., Ferretti, S., Monahan, J. E., Wang, Y., Singh, M., Zhang, C., Schnell, C., Yang, G., Zhang, Y., et al. (2015) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3954 · Cited by 1,393
Lessons learned from the fate of AstraZeneca's drug pipeline: a five-dimensional framework
Cook, D., Brown, D., Alexander, R., March, R., Morgan, P., Satterthwaite, G., & Pangalos, M. N. (2014) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4309 · Cited by 1,344
“20 (9) Indication selected does not fit strongest preclinical evidence”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Arrowsmith, J., & Miller, P.
- Affiliations
- Thomson Reuters (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, Philip
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
- Published
- 2013-08
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 569-569
- ISSN
- 1474-1776 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-1784
- OpenAlex
- W1968779484
- Cited by
- 697
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 51 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 61 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 30
- Type
- other
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics in Clinical Research
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Issues, ethics and legal aspects › Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
- Keywords
- attrition rates, drug development, clinical trial failure, drug discovery pipeline
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Treatment Failure, Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Early Termination of Clinical Trials
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
