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Tetraspanin functions and associated microdomains

Hemler, Martin E.·2005·Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology

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Abstract

Cell-surface proteins of the tetraspanin family are small, and often hidden by a canopy of tall glycoprotein neighbours in the cell membrane. Consequently, tetraspanins have been understudied and underappreciated, despite their presence on nearly all cell and tissue types. Important new genetic evidence has now emerged, and is bolstered by new insights into the cell biology, signalling and biochemistry of tetraspanins. These new findings provide a framework for better understanding of these mysterious molecules in the regulation of cellular processes, from signalling to motility.

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“…are stabilized by the formation of two conserved intramolecular disulfide bonds between the four cysteine residues in these three tetraspanin members, pointing to a critical role for the conserved cysteines in shaping the secondary and tertiary structures of the LEL domain of tetraspanins [4].”
BackgroundInfluential
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“Natural EVs express proteins like tetraspanins [221] and chemokine receptors [222], which could promote fusion with the cell membrane and release cargo straight into the cytoplasm [223].”
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“Although their exact function remains elusive, tetraspanins are known to be the key components in the ‘tetraspanin web’, protein-enriched microdomains reminiscent of lipid rafts [for a review, see (Hemler 2005)].”
Background
Xenopus cDNA microarray identification of genes with endodermal organ expression
Park, E. C., Hayata, T., Cho, K. W. Y., & Han, J. (2007) · Developmental Dynamics · doi:10.1002/dvdy.21167 · Cited by 11
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Structural characterization of the second intra‐discal loop of the photoreceptor tetraspanin RDS
Chakraborty, D., Rodgers, K. K., Conley, S. M., & Naash, M. I. (2012) · FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.12055 · Cited by 11
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“…‘ true ’ tetraspanins (to differentiate from proteins with 4TMs that can also be called tetra-spanins) contain the tetraspanin functional domain (PF00335), which is a member of the Tetraspanin-like clan, as well as a conserved CCG motif with 4 – 6 conserved extracellular cysteine residues [26].”
Background
Male infertility-related molecules involved in sperm-oocyte fusion
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“CD9 is well-known as a member of the tetraspanin family [27, 28].”
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“Therefore, TETs serve as master organizers integrating within membranes to control the distribution of associated partners, participating in cell adhesion, migration, and cell proliferation (Berditchevski and Odintsova, 1999; Hemler, 2005).”
Background
Plasma membrane proteoglycans syndecan-2 and syndecan-4 engage with EGFR and RON kinase to sustain carcinoma cell cycle progression
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“4D), most likely in a specialized, tetraspanin-enriched membrane microdomain (58, 59).”
Background
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“It is hypothesized that KAI1 stabilizes molecular networks regulating motility, invasion and other cellular processes [67-69].”
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Prognostic role of CD82/KAI1 in multiple human malignant neoplasms: a meta-analysis of 31 studies
Zhu, J., Miao, C., Liu, S., Tian, Y., Zhang, C., Liang, C., Xu, A., Cao, Q., & Wang, Z. (2017) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s150349 · Cited by 11
“The key feature of tetraspanins is their potential to associate with each other and with a multitude of molecules from other protein families.(2,3) CD82, also known as KAI1, belongs to tetraspanin family associated not only with extensive physiological processes, but also in pathological situations such as cancer inva…”
Background
Abundant expression of tetraspanin CD9 in activated osteoclasts in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis and in bone erosions of collagen-induced arthritis
Iwai, K., Ishii, M., Ohshima, S., Miyatake, K., & Saeki, Y. (2007) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-007-0424-4 · Cited by 11
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“The tetraspanin family participates in a huge variety of cellular functions by in ﬂ uencing membrane organization (122).”
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“Tetraspanins (TSPANs) are a protein family with 33 mammalian members that consists of four transmembrane segments, a large extracellular loop, a small extra-cellular loop, and a small intracellular loop [1–3].”
Background
Pro-MMP-9 upregulation in HT1080 cells expressing CD9 is regulated by epidermal growth factor receptor
Herr, M. J., Mabry, S. E., Jameson, J. F., & Jennings, L. K. (2013) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.021 · Cited by 10
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“They are ubiquitous in various organisms, sharing a highly conserved architecture with the presence of four transmembrane domains, two extracellular loops containing one Cys–Cys–Gly (CCG)motif, and one intracellular tail containing cysteine palmitoylation sites (5, 6).”
Background
Integrins Within the Tumor Microenvironment: Biological Functions, Importance for Molecular Targeting, and Cancer Therapeutics Innovation
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“(Hemler, 2005; Zo¨ller, 2009).”
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“The tetraspanins, a group of cell-surface adhesion molecules, have a multitude of roles in cell motility, integrindependent cell adhesion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, tumor metastasis, and in organizing cell surface signal transducing complexes, or microdomains (Hemler, 2005).”
Background
Distribution of tetraspanins in bovine ovarian tissue and fresh/vitrified oocytes
Jankovičová, J., Sečová, P., Horovská, Ľ., Olexíková, L., Dujíčková, L., Makarevich, A. V., Michalková, K., & Antalíková, J. (2022) · Histochemistry and Cell Biology · doi:10.1007/s00418-022-02155-4 · Cited by 10
“2021), whose functions also regulate (Hemler 2005).”
Background
The large extracellular loop is important for recruiting CD63 to exosomes
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“CD9 is an integral transmembrane protein comprised of four transmembrane domains, two extracellular loops, and short intracellular ends [5,6] and has been implicated in various cellular and physiological processes like cell motility, migration, and adhesion [7].”
Background
The regulation of tetraspanin 8 gene expression—A potential new mechanism in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder
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“Through these TEM, tetraspanins act as “molecular facilitators” of cell adhesion, cell–cell interactions, or cell motility (Hemler, 2005; Maecker, Todd, & Levy, 1997).”
BackgroundInfluential
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“The highly conserved proteins of the Tspan-1 family, found in all Metazoans and re-expressed in an adult body only during carcinogenesis, play an important role in regulating the migration and invasion of cancer cells [35,36].”
Background
Tetraspanins TSP-12 and TSP-14 function redundantly to regulate the trafficking of the type II BMP receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans
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“Tetraspanins are a large family of unique and highly conserved 4-pass transmembrane proteins found in a wide range of organisms (26).”
Background
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“Finally, to characterize the binding of the different E2 proteins to the CD81 receptor (one of the main HCV receptors on hepatocytes), ELISAs were performed using a fusion construct consisting of the mouse antibody Fc-tail fused to the large extracellular loop (LEL) of the CD81 receptor (CD81LEL), which presents the s…”
Method
PMN degranulation in relation to CD63 expression and genetic polymorphisms in healthy individuals and COPD patients
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Background
Cytoplasmic ends of tetraspanin 7 harbour epitopes recognised by autoantibodies in type 1 diabetes
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“…with various transmembrane receptors (i.e. adhesion receptors, grow factors receptors, immunoglobulin-domain containing factors and cytokine receptors) leads to the formation of an extended network, which is at the base of tetraspanins-enriched microdomains (TEMs) (Hemler, 2003; Hemler, 2005).”
Background
The extracellular vesicle tetraspanin CD63 journey from the testis through the epididymis to mature bull sperm
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“Multi-marker vesicle flow cytometry revealed that EGFR-positive EVs were detected within populations of CD9 + , or CD63 + , or CD81 + EVs (Figure 3D) and, of the EGFR positive GBM39 167k EVs, 7% express all three tetrespanins, CD9, CD81 and CD63 (Figure 3E).”
Influential
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“…(Lingwood and Simons, 2010; Simons and Gerl, 2010), interactions with the cortical cytoskeleton (Goswami et al., 2008; Kusumi et al., 2005), and/or with other local organizers of the cell membrane, such as tetraspanins (Hemler, 2005; Yanez-Mo et al., 2009) or galectins (Lajoie et al., 2009).”
Background
Production of human tetraspanin proteins in Escherichia coli
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“They are present in nearly all cell and tissue types and individual proteins can be expressed at up to 100,000 copies per cell [2,3].”
BackgroundInfluential
Membrane Rafts in the Erythrocyte Membrane: A Novel Role of MPP1p55
Sikorski, A. F., Podkalicka, J., Jones, W., & Biernatowska, A. (2014) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_5 · Cited by 9
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Kim, J. E., Kim, E.-M., & Lee, S. E. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158387 · Cited by 9
N-Glycosylation-dependent regulation of immune-specific tetraspanins CD37 and CD53
van Deventer, S. J., Hoogvliet, I. A., van de Voort, M., Arnold, F., ter Beest, M., & van Spriel, A. B. (2023) · Biophysical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2023.11.3399 · Cited by 8
“Many important cellular processes at the level of the plasma membrane of both healthy and malignant cells are modulated by tetraspanin proteins (1–4).”
Immunohistochemical distribution of the tetraspanin CD9 in normal porcine tissues
Yubero, N., Jiménez-Marín, Á., Lucena, C., Barbancho, M., & Garrido, J. J. (2010) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-010-0198-8 · Cited by 9
“CD9 molecule has been involved in a variety of biological functions including cellular growth and development, activation, adhesion, and motility [12–14].”
Alanine Scanning Mutagenesis of the C-Terminal Cytosolic End of Gpm6a Identifies Key Residues Essential for the Formation of Filopodia
Rosas, N. M., Juliá, A. A., Alzuri, S. E., Frasch, A. C. C., & Fuchsová, B. (2018) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2018.00314 · Cited by 9
“Biological function of tetraspanins is facilitated by their capacity to interact with a number of proteins and this way regulate their spatial juxtaposition on the plasma membrane leading to co-ordination of signaling pathways (Hemler, 2005; Charrin et al., 2009; Yanez-Mo et al., 2009).”
Background
Expression and functions of cluster of differentiation 9 and 81 in rat mammary epithelial cells
Horiguchi, K., Yoshida, S., Tsukada, T., Nakakura, T., Fujiwara, K., Hasegawa, R., Takigami, S., & Ohsako, S. (2020) · Journal of Reproduction and Development · doi:10.1262/jrd.2020-082 · Cited by 9
CD9-positive cells in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland are important supplier for prolactin-producing cells in the anterior lobe
Horiguchi, K., Fujiwara, K., Takeda, Y., Nakakura, T., Tsukada, T., Yoshida, S., Hasegawa, R., Takigami, S., & Ohsako, S. (2021) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-021-03460-5 · Cited by 9
“CD9 has the ability to associate with various integrins (Boucheix and Rubinstein 2001; Hemler 2005).”
Background
Stopping cancer before it colonizes
Rinker-Schaeffer, C. W., & Hickson, J. A. (2006) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0806-887 · Cited by 9
A novel 5-bp deletion in Clarin 1 in a family with Usher syndrome
Akoury, E., Zir, E. E., Mansour, A. M., Mégarbané, A., Majewski, J., & Slim, R. (2011) · Ophthalmic Genetics · doi:10.3109/13816810.2011.587083 · Cited by 9
“Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2005;6(10):801–11.”
Polymorphic Assemblies and Crystalline Arrays of Lens Tetraspanin MP20
Gonen, T., Hite, R. K., Cheng, Y., Petre, B. M., Kistler, J., & Walz, T. (2007) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2007.09.001 · Cited by 9
“Immediately after purification of MP20 in the presence of 2 mM EDTA and 2 mM EGTA, we split the protein into four aliquots and added (1) 10 mM MgCl2, ( 2 ) 10 mM CaCl2, (3) 5 mM MgCl2 and 5 mM CaCl2, and (4) 15 mM NaCl (final concentrations).”
Method
Cloning of Litopenaeus vannamei CD63 and it's role in white spot syndrome virus infection
Guan, G.-K., Liu, Q., Li, C., & Huang, J. (2016) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.004 · Cited by 9
Editorial: Functional Relevance of Tetraspanins in the Immune System
Cabañas, C., Yáñez‐Mó, M., & van Spriel, A. B. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01714 · Cited by 9
“Future research should provide better insight into the (1) specificity versus redundancy of individual tetraspanins on immune cell function, and (2) molecular mechanisms underlying TEM formation and coupling to signaling transduction pathways.”
Background
Single-cell multiomic comparison of mouse and rat spermatogenesis reveals gene regulatory networks conserved for over 20 million years
Whelan, E. C., Swain, J. J., Sussman, J. H., Smith, D., Yang, F., Rotolo, A., Avarbock, M. R., Malekshahi, C. R., Radaelli, E., Beiting, D. P., et al. (2025) · Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.stemcr.2025.102449 · Cited by 8
“CD9 is a tetraspanin membrane protein that is involved in a wide range of physiological processes, including cell motility and fertilization (Hemler 2005), and is expressed in mouse and rat SSCs (Kanatsu-Shinohara et al., 2004; Hermann et al., 2018).”
Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Therapy for Stroke
Sun, Y. Q., Wan, G., & Bao, X. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26073130 · Cited by 10
“Tetraspanins are a family of 34 transmembrane proteins in mammals which contain four trans-membrane domains and two extracellular loops [42].”
The role of secretory autophagy and exosomes in the accumulation of drusen during the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
Hyttinen, J. M. T., Niittykoski, M., & Kaarniranta, K. (2025) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2025.102796 · Cited by 9
“Tetraspanins are multifunctional scaffold proteins and organizers of multimolecular membrane complexes, which regulate cell migration fusion and signalling events (Hemler, 2005).”
TSPAN1 inhibits metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via suppressing NF-kB signaling
Wang, M.-D., Li, H.-T., Peng, L.-X., Mei, Y., Zheng, L.-S., Li, C.-Z., Meng, D.-F., Lang, Y., Xu, L., Peng, X.-S., et al. (2023) · Cancer Gene Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41417-023-00716-w · Cited by 6
“There are also indirect protein interactions between tetraspanins and immunoglobulin superfamily, complement regulatory proteins, proteinase, signaling enzymes as well as other molecular proteins [7, 8, 10].”
TM4SF19 controls GABP-dependent YAP transcription in head and neck cancer under oxidative stress conditions
Shin, E., Kwon, Y., Jung, E., Kim, Y. J., Kim, C., Hong, S., & Kim, J. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2314346121 · Cited by 8
Comparative Single Vesicle Analysis of Aqueous Humor Extracellular Vesicles before and after Radiation in Uveal Melanoma Eyes
Sirivolu, S., Peng, C., Neviani, P., Xu, B. Y., Berry, J. L., & Xu, L. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25116035 · Cited by 8
ExoJ – a Fiji/ImageJ2 plugin for automated spatiotemporal detection and analysis of exocytosis
Liu, J., Verweij, F. J., van Niel, G., Galli, T., Danglot, L., & Bun, P. (2024) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.261938 · Cited by 8
Organisation of the Tetraspanin Web
Rubinstein, E., Charrin, S., & Tomlinson, M. G. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6070-7_3 · Cited by 8
The amoeboidal Dictyostelium aquaporin AqpB is gated via Tyr216 and aqpB gene deletion affects random cell motility
von Bülow, J., Golldack, A., Albers, T., & Beitz, E. (2014) · Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1111/boc.201400070 · Cited by 8
“with BAR-domain proteins (Habermann, 2004) or tetraspanins (Hemler, 2005; Bari et al., 2011), which are thought of as generators of membrane curvature, to develop the model even further.”
Background
Molecular characterization of Clonorchis sinensis tetraspanin 2 extracellular loop 2
Kim, T. Y., Chung, E. J., Sohn, W., Hong, S.-H., & Yong, T. (2011) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-011-2546-6 · Cited by 8
“Among the several conserved domains defining TSPs, four or more cysteine residues in the EC2 domain are the key features (Hemler 2003, 2005).”
Background
A Naturally Occurring Extracellular α−β Clasp Contributes to Stabilization of β3 Integrins in a Bent, Resting Conformation
Vomund, A. N., Stuhlsatz-Krouper, S. M., Dimitry, J. M., Song, Y., & Frazier, W. A. (2008) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi8015108 · Cited by 8
“While it is more difficult to imagine how this “clasp” might be regulated, perhaps changes in lipid composition or the intrusion of other transmembrane proteins might alter association of the integrin TM segments ( 47 ).”
Background
TM4SF5 suppression disturbs integrin α5-related signalling and muscle development in zebrafish
Choi, Y.-J., Kim, H. H., Kim, J.-G., Kim, H., Kang, M., Lee, M., Ryu, J., Song, H. E., Nam, S. H., Lee, D., et al. (2014) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj20140177 · Cited by 8
Regulation of FAK Activity by Tetraspan Proteins: Potential Clinical Implications in Cancer
Yu, Q., Mohandessi, S., Gordon, L. K., & Wadehra, M. (2015) · Critical Reviews™ in Oncogenesis · doi:10.1615/critrevoncog.v20.i5-6.110 · Cited by 8
A Transcriptomics and Comparative Genomics Analysis Reveals Gene Families with a Role in Body Plan Complexity
Kramer, E. M., & Li, W. (2017) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00869 · Cited by 8
“…in the signaling category because the peptides are small, apoplastic, and developmentally regulated APO ∗ Tetraspanins Forms microdomains at the plasma membrane (Hemler, 2005); includes TORNADO2 (TRN2), which has several patterning defects (Cnops et al., 2006) PM ∗ Transcription factors and…”
Background
CD81 Promotes a Migratory Phenotype in Neuronal-Like Cells
Martins, S., Correia, P. D., Dias, R. A., Silva, O. A. B. D. C. E., & Vieira, S. I. (2019) · Microscopy and Microanalysis · doi:10.1017/s1431927618015532 · Cited by 8
“CD81 is a 26 kDa integral membrane protein member of the tetraspanin family, an evolutionarily conserved family of membrane proteins containing four transmembrane domains and expressed in most human tissues (Hemler, 2005).”
BackgroundInfluential
From Autonomy to Integration, From Integration to Dynamically Balanced Integrated Co-existence: Non-aging as the Third Stage of Development
Salnikov, L., & Baramiya, M. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2021.655315 · Cited by 9
“…Veeneman et al., 2001; Krishnadasan et al., 2002; Shigematsu et al., 2002; Kubo et al., 2004; Brunetti et al., 2005; Hawrylowicz and O’Garra, 2005; Hemler, 2005; Ito et al., 2005; Taams et al., 2005; Ghiringhelli et al., 2006; Mak and Saunders, 2006; Mescher and Neff, 2006; Yamazaki et al.,…”
Background
Novel Exon 7 Deletions in TSPAN12 in a Three-Generation FEVR Family: A Case Report and Literature Review
Jiang, Z., & Wang, P. (2023) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes14030587 · Cited by 8
“TSPAN12 is a member of the tetraspanin family that encodes for a 305-amino-acid transmembrane protein, including 4 transmembrane domains, a conserved CCG motif, and 2 other cysteine residues [44].”
Background
Tetraspanins set the stage for bone marrow microenvironment–induced chemoprotection in hematologic malignancies
Quagliano, A., Gopalakrishnapillai, A., & Barwe, S. P. (2023) · Blood Advances · doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2023010476 · Cited by 8
“Despite their reliance on palmitoylation, TEMs reportedly stay intact after disruption of these palmitoylation sites; however, new TEMs were unable to form, suggesting that the palmitoylation is required for the initial formation.(19) In addition to palmitoylation, TEMs also rely on the functional redundancy of other…”
BackgroundInfluential
Effects on exocytosis by two HSV-1 mutants unable to block autophagy
Waisner, H., Lasnier, S., Suma, S. M., & Kalamvoki, M. (2023) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00757-23 · Cited by 8
Tumour Cells Incorporate Exosomes Derived from Dendritic Cells Through a Mechanism Involving the Tetraspanin CD9
Romagnoli, G. G., Argenta, P., Katz, I., García, L. C., Alves, M., Regina, C., Cruz, P., & Barbuto, J. A. M. (2013) · Exosomes and Microvesicles · doi:10.5772/52069 · Cited by 8
Kidney Diseases Enhance Expression of Tetraspanin-8: A Possible Protective Effect against Tubular Injury
Hirukawa, T., Wu, Q., Sawada, K., Matsusaka, T., Saka, S., Oka, A., Hirawa, N., Umemura, S., Kakuta, T., Endoh, M., et al. (2014) · Nephron Extra · doi:10.1159/000362451 · Cited by 8
Toward atomic force microscopy and mass spectrometry to visualize and identify lipid rafts in plasmodesmata
Naulin, P. A., Alveal, N. A., & Barrera, N. P. (2014) · Frontiers in Plant Science · doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00234 · Cited by 7
“Working with purified PD vesicles under physiological conditions (Figure 1A), AFM imaging could be applied to identify lipid rafts and TEMs based on topological parameters.”
BackgroundInfluential
Expression of CD151/Tspan24 and integrin alpha 3 complex in aid of prognostication of HER2-negative high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ.
Romańska, H., Potemski, P., Kusińska, R., Kopczyński, J., Sądej, R., & Kordek, R. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 8
Membrane protein CD9 is repositioned and released to enhance uterine function
Iwai, M., Hamatani, T., Nakamura, A., Kawano, N., Kanai, S., Kang, W., Yoshii, N., Odawara, Y., Yamada, M., Miyamoto, Y., et al. (2018) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/s41374-018-0145-1 · Cited by 8
Shedding light on the cell biology and diverse physiological functions of the migrasome
Huang, Y., Huang, Y., & Gao, J. (2025) · Cell & Bioscience · doi:10.1186/s13578-025-01417-7 · Cited by 7
“Tetraspanins (TSPANs) are proteins with four trans-membrane domains present on the cell membrane [19– 21].”
Tetraspanin-enriched membrane domains regulate vascular leakage by altering membrane cholesterol accessibility to balance antagonistic GTPases
Ding, Y., Chen, J., Liu, S., Hays, J. M., Gu, X., Wren, J. D., Georgescu, C., Reuter, D. N., Liu, B., He, F., et al. (2025) · Nature Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1038/s44161-025-00686-2 · Cited by 8
The multiple functions of miR-574-5p in the neuroblastoma tumor microenvironment
Proestler, E., Donzelli, J., Nevermann, S., Breitwieser, K., Koch, L. F., Best, T., Fauth, M., Wickström, M., Harter, P. N., Kogner, P., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1183720 · Cited by 7
“In fact, several recent studies suggest that tetraspanins are involved in forming and transporting sEV, membrane fusion, and target cell recognition (Hemler, 2005; Rana et al., 2012; van Niel et al., 2018; Larios et al., 2020).”
Background
Inhibition of miR-199a-3p in a murine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) model attenuates fibrotic remodeling
Zalivina, I., Barwari, T., Yin, X., Langley, S. R., Barallobre‐Barreiro, J., Wakimoto, H., Zampetaki, A., Mayr, M., Avkiran, M., & Eminaga, S. (2023) · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Plus · doi:10.1016/j.jmccpl.2023.100056 · Cited by 7
“Interestingly, CD151 and ITGA3 proteins are known to associate together to regulate both ECM remodeling and downstream outside-inside signalling pathways [34 – 36].”
Background

Authors: Hemler, M. E.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Hemler, Martin E.
ORCID: Hemler, Martin E.
Venue: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-10
Volume: 6
Issue: 10
Pages: 801-811
ISSN: 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
1471-0080
DOI: 10.1038/nrm1736
OpenAlex: W2063186096
Cited by: 1,355
References: 122
Citations by year: 2026: 38 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 80 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 73 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 74
FWCI: 5.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Immunology and Allergy › Cell Adhesion Molecules Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Bone and Dental Protein Studies
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Protease and Inhibitor Mechanisms
Keywords: tetraspanins, cell surface proteins, signal transduction, cell motility, cell adhesion, membrane protein regulation, genetic evidence
MeSH terms: Animals, Cell Movement, Humans, Membrane Glycoproteins, Signal Transduction, Membrane Microdomains

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Tetraspanin functions and associated microdomains

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