Autophagy in acute brain injury
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism that ensures the lysosomal degradation of old, supernumerary or ectopic cytoplasmic entities. Most eukaryotic cells, including neurons, rely on proficient autophagic responses for the maintenance of homeostasis in response to stress. Accordingly, autophagy mediates neuroprotective effects following some forms of acute brain damage, including methamphetamine intoxication, spinal cord injury and subarachnoid haemorrhage. In some other circumstances, however, the autophagic machinery precipitates a peculiar form of cell death (known as autosis) that contributes to the aetiology of other types of acute brain damage, such as neonatal asphyxia. Here, we dissect the context-specific impact of autophagy on non-infectious acute brain injury, emphasizing the possible therapeutic application of pharmacological activators and inhibitors of this catabolic process for neuroprotection.
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Endogenous defects in autophagy are associated with embryonic lethality, developmental defects, and multiple pathological disorders including neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders.
“and permanent or transient endogenous defects in autophagy have been associated with embryonic lethality, developmental defects, and multiple pathological disorders, including (but not limited to) neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disorders [812–817].”
From Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the nomenclature committee on cell death 2018. (2018) · cites this paper as [817]
Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine or bafilomycin A1 limits infarct size in permanent MCAO, suggesting autophagy may aggravate ischemic injury.
“pharmacological inhibition of autophagy with 3‐methyladenine or bafilomycin A1 was observed to limit infarct size in a permanent MCAO, suggesting that autophagy may rather aggravate the ischemic injury (Zhang et al, 2013; Galluzzi et al, 2016).”
From Autophagy in major human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as Galluzzi et al, 2016
Functional autophagic responses are instrumental for preserving neuronal integrity upon acute injury.
“Functional autophagic responses are instrumental for preserving neuronal integrity upon circumstances of acute injury (Galluzzi et al, 2016).”
From Autophagy in major human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as Galluzzi et al, 2016
The actual contribution of autophagy in stroke-associated neurotoxicity varies depending on the cerebral compartment affected and the developmental stage in which the ischemic episode occurs.
“it is nonetheless reasonable to propose that the actual contribution of autophagy in stroke‐associated neurotoxicity would vary depending upon the cerebral compartment affected and the developmental stage in which the ischemic episode occurs (Galluzzi et al, 2016).”
From Autophagy in major human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as Galluzzi et al, 2016
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References 203 · Cited by 234
- Authors
- Galluzzi, L., Bravo-San Pedro, J. M., Blomgren, K., & Kroemer, G.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Galluzzi, Lorenzo
- Kroemer, Guido
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Neuroscience
- Published
- 2016-06-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 467-484
- ISSN
- 1471-003X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2419021136
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 203
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 7
- FWCI
- 3.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature reviews. Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- autophagy, acute brain injury, neuroprotection, excitotoxicity, neurotoxins, neonatal asphyxia, stroke, neurotrauma, lysosomal degradation, methamphetamine intoxication, spinal cord injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autophagy, Brain Injuries, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Neurons, Neuroprotective Agents
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