Cited by 235Multiple Sclerosis Research StudiesAdvanced Neuroimaging Techniques and ApplicationsAdvanced MRI Techniques and Applications

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Spinal cord MRI in multiple sclerosis—diagnostic, prognostic and clinical value

Kearney, Hugh, Miller, David H., Ciccarelli, Olga·2015·Nature Reviews Neurology

DOI 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.80

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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder of the CNS that affects both the brain and the spinal cord. MRI studies in MS focus more often on the brain than on the spinal cord, owing to the technical challenges in imaging this smaller, mobile structure. However, spinal cord abnormalities at disease onset have important implications for diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, later in the disease course, in progressive MS, myelopathy becomes the primary characteristic of the clinical presentation, and extensive spinal cord pathology--including atrophy, diffuse abnormalities and numerous focal lesions--is common. Recent spinal cord imaging studies have employed increasingly sophisticated techniques to improve detection and quantification of spinal cord lesions, and to elucidate their relationship with physical disability. Quantitative MRI measures of cord size and tissue integrity could be more sensitive to the axonal loss and other pathological processes in the spinal cord than is conventional MRI, putting quantitative MRI in a key role to elucidate the association between disability and spinal cord abnormalities seen in people with MS. In this Review, we summarize the most recent MS spinal cord imaging studies and discuss the new insights they have provided into the mechanisms of neurological impairment. Finally, we suggest directions for further and future research.

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Additional file 7 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 10 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 16 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 5 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 8 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 17 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 13 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 2 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 3 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 12 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 14 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 15 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 6 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 1 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 9 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Additional file 4 of Proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles from plasma and CSF of multiple sclerosis patients reveals disease activity-associated EAAT2
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Authors: Kearney, H., Miller, D. H., & Ciccarelli, O.
Affiliations: National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (GB)
Corresponding author: Kearney, Hugh
ORCID: Kearney, Hugh
Ciccarelli, Olga
Venue: Nature Reviews Neurology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2015-05-26
Volume: 11
Issue: 6
Pages: 327-338
ISSN: 1759-4758 (ISSN-L)
1759-4766
DOI: 10.1038/nrneurol.2015.80
OpenAlex: W1577466874
Cited by: 235
References: 132
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 2
FWCI: 3.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Nature Reviews Neurology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Queen Mary University of London
National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0508-10058)
Multiple Sclerosis Society
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
Keywords: multiple sclerosis, spinal cord MRI, spinal cord lesions, quantitative MRI, disability, myelopathy, spinal cord atrophy, axonal loss, progressive multiple sclerosis
MeSH terms: Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica, Prognosis, Spinal Cord, Disease Progression, Gray Matter

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Spinal cord MRI in multiple sclerosis—diagnostic, prognostic and clinical value

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