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Artificial intelligence for diabetic retinopathy screening: a review
Open accessAbstract
Diabetes is a global eye health issue. Given the rising in diabetes prevalence and ageing population, this poses significant challenge to perform diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening for these patients. Artificial intelligence (AI) using machine learning and deep learning have been adopted by various groups to develop automated DR detection algorithms. This article aims to describe the state-of-art AI DR screening technologies that have been described in the literature, some of which are already commercially available. All these technologies were designed using different training datasets and technical methodologies. Although many groups have published robust diagnostic performance of the AI algorithms for DR screening, future research is required to address several challenges, for examples medicolegal implications, ethics, and clinical deployment model in order to expedite the translation of these novel technologies into the healthcare setting.
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“Artificial intelligence (AI) for medical diagnosis holds potential, demonstrating high performance in detecting various diseases.57”
From Using artificial intelligence to improve human performance: efficient retinal disease detection training with synthetic images (2024) · cites this paper as [7]
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ROLE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT
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A Method for Diagnosing Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Ocular Fundus Imaging
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Diabetes care: is big data the future?
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Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) in der Diabetologie – jetzt und in der Zukunft
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“There are multiple validated AI systems in current use in DRSPs globally [20] with existing applications that are able to identify refDR in handheld retinal images.”
BackgroundArtificial intelligence for DR screening
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“Recent reviews and surveys as those of authors like Fenner et al., (47) Ting et al., (48) Asiri et al., (49) Grzybowski et al., (50) Stolte et al., (51) He et al., (52) Bilal et al., (53) Williamson, (54) Lalithadevi et al., (55) Iqbal et al., (56) Celard et al. (57) and Vujosevic et al. (58) cover…”
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“There is strong scientific proof that the majority of vision loss from DR may be avoided with early diagnosis and prompt treatment [4].”
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An Enhanced MobileNet with Multi-scale Attention Aggregation for DR Classification
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Research trends and hotspots in fundus image segmentation from 2007 to 2023: A bibliometric analysis
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“Most of the current studies can only distinguish whether a patient has DR or not, and cannot accurately determine the developmental stage of DR [47].”
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Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Matching of Human Postmortem Donors to Ocular Research Projects
Grossman, G., Cattell, T., Abbott, A., & MacIntyre, D. (2025) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76550-6_82 · Cited by 1
Sharafi, S. M., Ebrahimiadib, N., Roohipourmoallai, R., Farahani, A. D., Fooladi, M. I., Gharehbaghi, G., & Pour, E. K. (2025) · International Journal of Retina and Vitreous · doi:10.1186/s40942-025-00668-3 · Cited by 1
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“The first authorized autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic system in the medical field, IDx-DR, has been developed specifically for automated diabetic retinopathy screening using fundus photography 13 .”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Grzybowski, A., Brona, P., Lim, G., Ruamviboonsuk, P., Tan, G. S. W., Abramoff, M., & Ting, D. S. W.
- Affiliations
- Foundation for the Development of Ophthalmology (PL)
- University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (PL)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Rajavithi Hospital (TH)
- Corresponding author
- Ting, Daniel S. W.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Eye
- Published
- 2019-09-05
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 451-460
- ISSN
- 0078-5334 (ISSN-L)
- 0950-222X
- 1476-5454
- PMC
- PMC7055592
- OpenAlex
- W2972246881
- Cited by
- 376
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 34 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 70 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 4.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2019-12-10)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Eye (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI in cancer detection
- Keywords
- diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy screening, artificial intelligence, automated detection algorithm, deep learning, machine learning, medicolegal issues, ethics, clinical deployment
- MeSH terms
- Machine Learning, Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Retinopathy, Humans, Mass Screening
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