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Cited by 608

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Chaos as an intermittently forced linear system

Open access
Brunton, Steven L., Brunton, Bingni W., Proctor, Joshua L., Kaiser, Eurika, Kutz, J. Nathan·2017·Nature Communications

Abstract

Understanding the interplay of order and disorder in chaos is a central challenge in modern quantitative science. Approximate linear representations of nonlinear dynamics have long been sought, driving considerable interest in Koopman theory. We present a universal, data-driven decomposition of chaos as an intermittently forced linear system. This work combines delay embedding and Koopman theory to decompose chaotic dynamics into a linear model in the leading delay coordinates with forcing by low-energy delay coordinates; this is called the Hankel alternative view of Koopman (HAVOK) analysis. This analysis is applied to the Lorenz system and real-world examples including Earth’s magnetic field reversal and measles outbreaks. In each case, forcing statistics are non-Gaussian, with long tails corresponding to rare intermittent forcing that precedes switching and bursting phenomena. The forcing activity demarcates coherent phase space regions where the dynamics are approximately linear from those that are strongly nonlinear.

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Metadata

Authors
Brunton, S. L., Brunton, B. W., Proctor, J. L., Kaiser, E., & Kutz, J. N.
Venue
Nature Communications
Published
2017-05-30
Volume
8
Issue
1
Pages
19-19
ISSN
2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2510030309
Cited by
608
References
79
FWCI
22.45
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Chaos as an intermittently forced linear system. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41467-017-00030-8
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Brunton, S. L., Brunton, B. W., Proctor, J. L., Kaiser, E., & Kutz, J. N. (2017). Chaos as an intermittently forced linear system. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00030-8

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