The DOI matches its Crossref record; 127 of the 127 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Emerging opportunities and challenges for the future of reservoir computing
Open accessAbstract
Reservoir computing originates in the early 2000s, the core idea being to utilize dynamical systems as reservoirs (nonlinear generalizations of standard bases) to adaptively learn spatiotemporal features and hidden patterns in complex time series. Shown to have the potential of achieving higher-precision prediction in chaotic systems, those pioneering works led to a great amount of interest and follow-ups in the community of nonlinear dynamics and complex systems. To unlock the full capabilities of reservoir computing towards a fast, lightweight, and significantly more interpretable learning framework for temporal dynamical systems, substantially more research is needed. This Perspective intends to elucidate the parallel progress of mathematical theory, algorithm design and experimental realizations of reservoir computing, and identify emerging opportunities as well as existing challenges for large-scale industrial adoption of reservoir computing, together with a few ideas and viewpoints on how some of those challenges might be resolved with joint efforts by academic and industrial researchers across multiple disciplines.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474
Self-citationImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks
Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., & Hinton, G. E. (2017) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3065386 · Cited by 112,155
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14539 · Cited by 84,126
Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold
Jumper, J., Evans, R., Pritzel, A., Green, T., Figurnov, M., Ronneberger, O., Tunyasuvunakool, K., Bates, R., Žídek, A., Potapenko, A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03819-2 · Cited by 43,764
Language Models are Few-Shot Learners
Brown, T. B., Mann, B., Ryder, N., Subbiah, M., Kaplan, J., Dhariwal, P., Neelakantan, A., Shyam, P., Sastry, G., Askell, A., et al. (2020) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.14165 · Cited by 23,372
Raissi, M., Perdikaris, P., & Karniadakis, G. E. (2019) · Journal of Computational Physics · doi:10.1016/j.jcp.2018.10.045 · Cited by 20,384
Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search
Silver, D., Huang, A., Maddison, C. J., Guez, A., Sifre, L., van den Driessche, G., Schrittwieser, J., Antonoglou, I., Panneershelvam, V., Lanctot, M., et al. (2016) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature16961 · Cited by 15,612
Speech recognition with deep recurrent neural networks
Graves, A., Mohamed, A.-R., & Hinton, G. (2013) · 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.2013.6638947 · Cited by 8,893
Anomalous collapses of Nares Strait ice arches leads to enhanced export of Arctic sea ice
Moore, G. W. K., Howell, S. E. L., Brady, M., Xu, X., & McNeil, K. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20314-w · Cited by 5,155
Maass, W., Natschläger, T., & Markram, H. (2002) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/089976602760407955 · Cited by 4,025
Research works printed but not linked: 35
- Christensen, D. V. et al. 2022 roadmap on neuromorphic computing and engineering. Neuromorph. Comput. Eng. 2, 022501 (2022). · DOI · Paper page
- Jaeger, H. The “echo state” approach to analysing and training recurrent neural networks-with an erratum note. Bonn, Germany: German Nat. Res. Center for Inf. Technol. GMD Tech. Rep. 148, 13 (2001). The first paper developing the concept and framework of echo state networks, e.g. reservoir computing. The paper provides propositions on how to construct ESNs and how to train them. The paper also shows that the ESN is able to learn and predict chaotic time series (Mackey-Glass equations).
- Verstraeten, D., Schrauwen, B., D’Haene, M. & Stroobandt, D. The unified reservoir computing concept and its digital hardware implementations. In Proceedings of the 2006 EPFL LATSIS Symposium, 139–140 (EPFL, Lausanne, 2006).
- Joy, H., Mattheakis, M. & Protopapas, P. Rctorch: a pytorch reservoir computing package with automated hyper-parameter optimization. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2207.05870 (2022). · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2207.05870
- Yperman, J. & Becker, T. Bayesian optimization of hyper-parameters in reservoir computing. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1611.05193 (2016). · DOI
- Rafayelyan, M., Dong, J., Tan, Y., Krzakala, F. & Gigan, S. Large-scale optical reservoir computing for spatiotemporal chaotic systems prediction. Phys. Rev. X 10, 041037 (2020).
- Gonon, L., Grigoryeva, L. & Ortega, J. P. Risk bounds for reservoir computing. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 21, 9684–9744 (2020).
- Larger, L., Goedgebuer, J. P. & Udaltsov, V. Ikeda-based nonlinear delayed dynamics for application to secure optical transmission systems using chaos. C. R. Phys. 5, 669–681 (2004). · doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2004.05.003
- Rowlands, G. E. et al. Reservoir computing with superconducting electronics. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2103.02522 (2021). · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.02522
- Verstraeten, D., Schrauwen, B. & Stroobandt, D. Reservoir computing with stochastic bitstream neurons. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Prorisc Workshop, 454–459 (2005). https://doi.org/https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/336133.
- Schürmann, F., Meier, K. & Schemmel, J. Edge of chaos computation in mixed-mode vlsi-a hard liquid. NeurIPS, 17, (NIPS, 2004).
- Lin, C., Liang, Y. & Yi, Y. Fpga-based reservoir computing with optimized reservoir node architecture. In 23rd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design (ISQED), 1–6 (IEEE, 2022). · doi:10.1109/isqed54688.2022.9806247
- Maass, W., Natschläger, T. & Markram, H. A model for real-time computation in generic neural microcircuits. NeurIPS 15 (NIPS, 2002).
- Jaeger, H. Adaptive nonlinear system identification with echo state networks. In NeurIPS, 15 (NIPS, 2002).
- Okamoto, T. et al. Predicting traffic breakdown in urban expressways based on simplified reservoir computing. In Proceedings of AAAI 21 Workshop: AI for Urban Mobility, (2021). https://aaai.org/conference/aaai/aaai-21/ws21workshops/.
- Yamane, T. et al. Application identification of network traffic by reservoir computing. In International Conference on Neural Information Processing, 389–396 (Springer Cham, 2019). · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36802-9_41
- Ando, H. & Chang, H. Road traffic reservoir computing. Preprint at https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1912.00554 (2019). · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1912.00554
- Burgsteiner, H. Training networks of biological realistic spiking neurons for real-time robot control. In Proceedings of the 9th international conference on engineering applications of neural networks, 129–136 (2005). https://users.abo.fi/abulsari/EANN.html.
- Schwedersky, B. B., Flesch, R. C. C., Dangui, H. A. S. & Iervolino, L. A. Practical nonlinear model predictive control using an echo state network model. In IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), 1–8 (IEEE, 2018). · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2018.8489446
- Rong, B. 6G: The Next Horizon: From Connected People and Things to Connected Intelligence. IEEE Wirel. Commun. 28, 8–8 (2021). · doi:10.1109/mwc.2021.9615100
- Kao, C. K. Nobel lecture: Sand from centuries past: Send future voices fast. Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2299 (2010). · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.82.2299
- Hillerkuss, D., Brunner, M., Jun, Z. & Zhicheng, Y. A vision towards f5g advanced and f6g. In 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP) 483–487 (IEEE, 2022). · doi:10.1109/csndsp54353.2022.9907924
- Liu, X. Optical Communications in the 5G Era (Academic Press, Cambridge, 2021).
- Mokrani, H., Lounas, R., Bennai, M. T., Salhi, D. E. & Djerbi, R. Air quality monitoring using iot: A survey. In IEEE International Conference on Smart Internet of Things (SmartIoT), 127–134 (IEEE, 2019). · doi:10.1109/smartiot.2019.00028
- Komkov, H. B. Reservoir Computing with Boolean Logic Network Circuits. Doctoral dissertation, (University of Maryland, College Park, 2021).
- Dai, Z. et al. A scalable small-footprint time-space-pipelined architecture for reservoir computing. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs 70, 3069–3073 (2023).
- Qin, J., Zhao, Q., Yin, H., Jin, Y. & Liu, C. Numerical simulation and experiment on optical packet header recognition utilizing reservoir computing based on optoelectronic feedback. IEEE Photonics J. 9, 1–11 (2017).
- Susandhika, M. A comprehensive review and comparative analysis of 5g and 6g based mimo channel estimation techniques. In International Conference on Recent Trends in Electronics and Communication (ICRTEC), 1–8 (IEEE, 2023). · doi:10.1109/icrtec56977.2023.10111907
- Zhou, Z., Liu, L. & Xu, J. Harnessing tensor structures-multi-mode reservoir computing and its application in massive mimo. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun. 21, 8120–8133 (2022). · doi:10.1109/twc.2022.3164203
- Möller, T. et al. Distributed fibre optic sensing for sinkhole early warning: experimental study. Géotechniqu 73, 701–715 (2023). · doi:10.1680/jgeot.21.00154
- Liu, X. et al. Ai-based modeling and monitoring techniques for future intelligent elastic optical networks. Appl. Sci. 10, 363 (2020). · doi:10.3390/app10010363
- Nyman, J., Caluwaerts, K., Waegeman, T. & Schrauwen, B. System modeling for active noise control with reservoir computing. In 9th IASTED International Conference on Signal Processing, Pattern Recognition, and Applications, 162–167 (IASTED, 2012). · doi:10.2316/p.2012.778-012
- Dragone, M., Gallicchio, C., Guzman, R. & Micheli, A. RSS-based robot localization in critical environments using reservoir computing. In The 24th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks (ESANN, 2016).
- Smolensky, P., McCoy, R., Fernandez, R., Goldrick, M. & Gao, J. Neurocompositional computing: From the central paradox of cognition to a new generation of ai systems. AI Mag. 43, 308–322 (2022).
- Röhm, A. et al. Reconstructing seen and unseen attractors from data via autonomous-mode reservoir computing. In AI and Optical Data Sciences IV Page PC124380E (SPIE, Bellingham, 2023). · doi:10.1117/12.2648645
Cited by
A memristive computational neural network model for time-series processing
Pistolesi, V., Ceni, A., Milano, G., Ricciardi, C., & Gallicchio, C. (2025) · APL Machine Learning · doi:10.1063/5.0255168 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Yan, M., Huang, C., Bienstman, P., Tino, P., Lin, W., & Sun, J.
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2024-03-06
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 2056-2056
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4392498941
- Cited by
- 346
- References
- 127
- FWCI
- 51.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2024-11-18)
- Open access
- gold
- Licence
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (vor)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Emerging opportunities and challenges for the future of reservoir computing. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41467-024-45187-1
- The paper
- Yan, M., Huang, C., Bienstman, P., Tino, P., Lin, W., & Sun, J. (2024). Emerging opportunities and challenges for the future of reservoir computing. Nature Communications. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-45187-1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.