EatA mediated degradation of intestinal mucus is species-specific and driven by MUC2 structural features
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Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are a leading cause of diarrheal illness, responsible for an estimated 100,000 deaths annually. ETEC pathogenesis is driven by various virulence factors, including toxins, adhesins, and noncanonical factors such as the protease EatA. The first line of host defense against intestinal pathogenic bacterial infections is the protective intestinal mucus layer. Here, we demonstrate the mechanism by which EatA degrades the core mucus component MUC2, thereby facilitating access to the epithelial cell surface and promoting infection. We identify the specific cleavage site region localized at the C-terminal of MUC2. EatA’s protease activity depends on the interaction between two distinct, uniquely spaced domains in human MUC2, which defines species specificity. We confirm this using a novel transgenic mouse model exclusively expressing human MUC2, which allows us to study the role of the mucus layer in the infection by human intestinal pathogens. These findings highlight how ETEC is adapted to specifically degrade the mucus layer of its human host.
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- Authors
- Trillo-Muyo, S., Dolan, B., Svensson, F., Vickers, T. J., Arike, L., García-Bonete, M.-J., Gustafsson, J. K., Nielsen, M. I., Wandall, H. H., Fleckenstein, J. M., Hansson, G. C., & van der Post, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-12-31
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 158-158
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12775068
- OpenAlex
- W7117780168
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 6.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet (2020-02536)
- Harald och Greta Jeanssons Stiftelse
- Svenska Sällskapet för Medicinsk Forskning (P17-0060)
- Stiftelserna Wilhelm och Martina Lundgrens (2023-SA-4357)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Escherichia coli research studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Vibrio bacteria research studies
- Keywords
- MUC2, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, species specificity, cleavage site, transgenic mouse model, host-pathogen interaction, diarrheal disease, mucus layer
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Escherichia coli Infections, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Mice, Transgenic, Mucus, Species Specificity, Escherichia coli Proteins, Mice, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Mucin-2, Proteolysis
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