Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as a Sustainable Alternative for Multi-Class Pesticide Extraction in Food Safety Analysis
Open accessAbstract
Pesticide residue analysis in food is frequently carried out worldwide, often requiring a large volume of organic solvents. To improve sustainability, new generation solvents such as natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have recently emerged as a promising alternative to conventional solvents. This study demonstrates the applicability of NADES as green extraction solvents for pesticides in food samples prior to analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The present research goes beyond previous studies by covering an extended set of pesticide residues. For that, five hydrophilic and hydrophobic NADES were evaluated as extraction solvents in a solid-liquid extraction (SLE). Initially, eleven representative pesticides covering a broad range of chemical classes and physicochemical properties were selected, while food matrices were chosen to cover different commodity groups according to SANTE/11312/2021v2, including orange, wheat, and spinach. NADES were tailored in order to cover a wide range of physicochemical properties such as polarity, pH, and viscosity. Thymol: menthol (molar ratio, 1:1) was found to be the most effective, and key extraction parameters were optimized. The greenness and transferability of the NADES-based SLE were evaluated using the AGREEprep and BAGI metrics. Finally, the method was successfully validated for the extraction of a wide range of pesticides commonly analyzed in food safety assessments.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
NADES-based solid-liquid extraction has emerged as a promising approach for recovery of natural products because NADESs typically exhibit lower toxicity, improved biocompatibility, and greater suitability for food and pharmaceutical applications than many traditional extraction solvents.
“In addition, NADES-based solid-liquid extraction has emerged as a promising approach for the recovery of natural products because NADESs typically exhibit lower toxicity, improved biocompatibility, and greater suitability for food and pharmaceutical applications than many traditional extraction solvents [91,93,95,98,103].”
From Eco-Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extraction Technologies: A Comprehensive Review of Principles, Applications, and Comparative Insights (2026) · cites this paper as [103]
For solid and semi-solid samples, DES-assisted UAE, MAE, PLE, and NADES-based solid-liquid extraction offer several advantages compared with traditional microextraction techniques.
“For solid and semi-solid samples, DES-assisted ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and NADESbased solid-liquid extraction offer several advantages compared with traditional microextraction techniques [91,93,95,98,103].”
From Eco-Friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Extraction Technologies: A Comprehensive Review of Principles, Applications, and Comparative Insights (2026) · cites this paper as [103]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 19 · Cited by 6
- Authors
- Carbonell-Rozas, L., Aloisi, I., Garrido Frenich, A., Mol, H., & Righetti, L.
- Affiliations
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Aloisi, Ivan
- Venue
- npj Science of Food
- Published
- 2026-01-20
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 67-67
- ISSN
- 2396-8370 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12909887
- OpenAlex
- W7125059134
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6
- FWCI
- 5.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- npj Science of Food (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Union “NextGenerationEU”/PRTR (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Keywords
- natural deep eutectic solvents, pesticide residues, food safety, solid-liquid extraction, green solvents, extraction optimization, AGREEprep, BAGI, orange, wheat, spinach, LC-MS/MS
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
