Cited by 514Advancements in Battery MaterialsAdvanced Battery Materials and TechnologiesBattery Modeling and Management

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Identifying the components of the solid–electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries

Wang, Luning, Menakath, Anjali, Han, Fudong, Wang, Yi, Zavalij, Peter Y., Gaskell, Karen J., Borodin, Oleg, Iuga, Dinu, Brown, Steven P., Wang, Chunsheng, Xu, Kang, Eichhorn, Bryan W.·2019·Nature Chemistry

DOI 10.1038/s41557-019-0304-z

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Abstract

The importance of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) for reversible operation of Li-ion batteries has been well established, but the understanding of its chemistry remains incomplete. The current consensus on the identity of the major organic SEI component is that it consists of lithium ethylene di-carbonate (LEDC), which is thought to have high Li-ion conductivity, but low electronic conductivity (to protect the Li/C electrode). Here, we report on the synthesis and structural and spectroscopic characterizations of authentic LEDC and lithium ethylene mono-carbonate (LEMC). Direct comparisons of the SEI grown on graphite anodes suggest that LEMC, instead of LEDC, is likely to be the major SEI component. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies on LEMC and lithium methyl carbonate (LMC) reveal unusual layered structures and Li+ coordination environments. LEMC has Li+ conductivities of >1 × 10-6 S cm-1, while LEDC is almost an ionic insulator. The complex interconversions and equilibria of LMC, LEMC and LEDC in dimethyl sulfoxide solutions are also investigated.

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Electrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond
Xu, K. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr500003w · Cited by 5,566
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Self-citation
Influence of ligands on lithium salt properties: A comprehensive approach to the structure-function relationship
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An In-depth Analysis of the Electrochemical Processing Parameters for Monolithic Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Formation at Ti-SiO @C Anode for High Performance Lithium-ion Batteries
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Glycolide additives enrich organic components in the solid electrolyte interphase enabling stable ultrathin lithium metal anodes
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A Double-Layer Artificial SEI Film Fabricated by Controlled Electrochemical Reduction of LiODFB-FEC Based Electrolyte for Dendrite-Free Lithium Meal Anode
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Application of Alternating Current Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Local Visualization of the Electrode Surface
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Self-citation
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Elucidating Gas Reduction Effects of Organosilicon Additives in Lithium-Ion Batteries
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Forming a stable SEI layer by the synergy effect of methyl p-toluenesulfonate electrolyte additive in Li-ion batteries
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Detailing the Self-Discharge of a Cathode Based on a Prussian Blue Analogue
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“As already reported in the literature [14], an investigation of the cSEI has been carried out through a multi-technique approach, involving X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) [10,14,21,22], Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) [23,24], and NMR spectroscopy [17,25].”
Method
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Self-citation
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The cobalt atom protection layers in-situ anchored titanium carbide with controllable interlayer spacing towards stable and fast lithium ions storage.
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Reaction Exploration Reveals Strong Kinetic Filtering in Li-Ion Battery Electrolyte Degradation.
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Magnesium Anchoring Strategy for Stabilizing Graphene‐Hosted Lithium Metal Battery
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Interphase identity crisis
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Revealing the lithium solid electrolyte interphase in liquid electrolytes via in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Wang, D., Katayama, Y., von Holtum, B., Svirinovsky-Arbeli, A., Smith, M. M., Inoue, K.-I., Hestenes, J. C., Ah, L., Iriawan, H., Ceribelli, N., et al. (2026) · Cell Press Blue · doi:10.1016/j.cpblue.2025.100002 · Cited by 7

Authors: Wang, L., Menakath, A., Han, F., Wang, Y., Zavalij, P. Y., Gaskell, K. J., Borodin, O., Iuga, D., Brown, S. P., Wang, C., Xu, K., & Eichhorn, B. W.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, College Park (US)
University of Warwick (GB)
DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author: Wang, Chunsheng
Xu, Kang
Eichhorn, Bryan W.
ORCID: Wang, Luning
Menakath, Anjali
Han, Fudong
Wang, Yi
Zavalij, Peter Y.
Gaskell, Karen J.
Borodin, Oleg
Iuga, Dinu
Brown, Steven P.
Wang, Chunsheng
Xu, Kang
Eichhorn, Bryan W.
Venue: Nature Chemistry
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-08-19
Volume: 11
Issue: 9
Pages: 789-796
ISSN: 1755-4330 (ISSN-L)
1755-4349
DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0304-z
OpenAlex: W2967719016
Cited by: 514
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 41 · 2025: 73 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 100 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 76 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 8
FWCI: 19.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Nature Chemistry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Battery Modeling and Management
Keywords: solid electrolyte interphase, lithium-ion batteries, graphite anode, lithium ion conductivity, ionic insulators, layered structure, lithium coordination, SEI composition, electrolyte decomposition

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Identifying the components of the solid–electrolyte interphase in Li-ion batteries

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