Cited by 851Advanced Battery Materials and TechnologiesAdvancements in Battery MaterialsAqueous and Flow Batteries

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Tailoring electrolyte solvation for Li metal batteries cycled at ultra-low temperature

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Holoubek, John, Liu, Haodong, Wu, Zhaohui, Yin, Yijie, Xing, Xing, Cai, Guorui, Yu, Sicen, Zhou, Hongyao, Pascal, Tod A., Chen, Zheng, Liu, Ping·2021·Nature Energy

DOI 10.1038/s41560-021-00783-zPMC PMC7954221

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Abstract

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) hold the promise to pushing cell level energy densities beyond 300 Wh kg-1 while operating at ultra-low temperatures (< -30°C). Batteries capable of both charging and discharging at these temperature extremes are highly desirable due to their inherent reduction of external warming requirements. Here we demonstrate that the local solvation structure of the electrolyte defines the charge-transfer behavior at ultra-low temperature, which is crucial for achieving high Li metal coulombic efficiency (CE) and avoiding dendritic growth. These insights were applied to Li metal full cells, where a high-loading 3.5 mAh cm-2 sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathode was paired with a one-fold excess Li metal anode. The cell retained 84 % and 76 % of its room temperature capacity when cycled at -40 and -60 °C, respectively, which presented stable performance over 50 cycles. This work provides design criteria for ultra-low temperature LMB electrolytes, and represents a defining step for the performance of low-temperature batteries.

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Authors: Holoubek, J., Liu, H., Wu, Z., Yin, Y., Xing, X., Cai, G., Yu, S., Zhou, H., Pascal, T. A., Chen, Z., & Liu, P.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Pascal, Tod A.
Chen, Zheng
Liu, Ping
ORCID: Holoubek, John
Liu, Haodong
Wu, Zhaohui
Yin, Yijie
Xing, Xing
Cai, Guorui
Yu, Sicen
Zhou, Hongyao
Pascal, Tod A.
Chen, Zheng
Liu, Ping
Venue: Nature Energy
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-02-25
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Pages: 303-313
ISSN: 2058-7546 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1038/s41560-021-00783-z
PMC: PMC7954221
OpenAlex: W3134786422
Cited by: 851
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 98 · 2025: 210 · 2024: 184 · 2023: 176 · 2022: 140 · 2021: 43
FWCI: 39.93
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Energy (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (ECF 80NSSC18K1512)
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-EE0007764)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Aqueous and Flow Batteries
Keywords: lithium metal batteries, electrolyte solvation structure, Coulombic efficiency, lithium dendrite suppression, lithium metal anode, low-temperature battery performance

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Tailoring electrolyte solvation for Li metal batteries cycled at ultra-low temperature

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