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Advances in subjective well-being research
Abstract
The empirical science of subjective well-being, popularly referred to as happiness or satisfaction, has grown enormously in the past decade. In this Review, we selectively highlight and summarize key researched areas that continue to develop. We describe the validity of measures and their potential biases, as well as the scientific methods used in this field. We describe some of the predictors of subjective well-being such as temperament, income and supportive social relationships. Higher subjective well-being has been associated with good health and longevity, better social relationships, work performance and creativity. At the community and societal levels, cultures differ not only in their levels of well-being but also to some extent in the types of subjective well-being they most value. Furthermore, there are both universal and unique predictors of subjective well-being in various societies. National accounts of subjective well-being to help inform policy decisions at the community and societal levels are now being considered and adopted. Finally we discuss the unknowns in the science and needed future research.
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“As a positive relationship exists between pursuing personal values and well-being, it is hypothesized that the feeling of joy might be explained by this phenomenon [56].”
From At the Peak of the Second Wave of COVID-19, Did Millennials Show Different Emotional Responses from Older Adults? (2022) · cites this paper as [56]
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Self-citation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Corresponding author
- Diener, Ed
- Venue
- Nature Human Behaviour
- Published
- 2018-02-12
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 253-260
- ISSN
- 2397-3374 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2793738252
- Cited by
- 2,003
- References
- 134
- Citations by year
- 2026: 441 · 2025: 408 · 2024: 313 · 2023: 304 · 2022: 216 · 2021: 152 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 51 · 2018: 16
- FWCI
- 12.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Human Behaviour (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Quality of Life Measurement
- Keywords
- subjective well-being, happiness, life satisfaction, measurement bias, temperament, income, interpersonal relationships, health and longevity, employee performance, creativity, cross-cultural comparison, policy
- MeSH terms
- Culture, Happiness, Humans, Personal Satisfaction, Research Design, Policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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