The DOI matches its Crossref record; 236 of the 236 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bladder cancer
Open accessAbstract
Urothelial bladder cancer has various pathogenic pathways and comprises distinct molecular subtypes. This Primer reviews the epidemiology of the disease with a focus on risk factors, discusses mechanisms of pathogenesis, diagnosis and management at different disease stages, and highlights patient quality of life and open research questions. Bladder cancer is a global health issue with sex differences in incidence and prognosis. Bladder cancer has distinct molecular subtypes with multiple pathogenic pathways depending on whether the disease is non-muscle invasive or muscle invasive. The mutational burden is higher in muscle-invasive than in non-muscle-invasive disease. Commonly mutated genes include TERT , FGFR3 , TP53 , PIK3CA , STAG2 and genes involved in chromatin modification. Subtyping of both forms of bladder cancer is likely to change considerably with the advent of single-cell analysis methods. Early detection signifies a better disease prognosis; thus, minimally invasive diagnostic options are needed to improve patient outcomes. Urine-based tests are available for disease diagnosis and surveillance, and analysis of blood-based cell-free DNA is a promising tool for the detection of minimal residual disease and metastatic relapse. Transurethral resection is the cornerstone treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer and intravesical therapy can further improve oncological outcomes. For muscle-invasive bladder cancer, radical cystectomy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care with evidence supporting trimodality therapy. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated benefit in non-muscle-invasive, muscle-invasive and metastatic bladder cancer. Effective management requires a multidisciplinary approach that considers patient characteristics and molecular disease characteristics.
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Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer
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TGFβ attenuates tumour response to PD-L1 blockade by contributing to exclusion of T cells
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Tumor mutational load predicts survival after immunotherapy across multiple cancer types
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Pembrolizumab as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma
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Bladder Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Global Overview and Recent Trends
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Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
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Self-citation
Cited by
TBX3 shapes an immunosuppressive microenvironment and induces immunotherapy resistance
Liu, Z., Zhang, C., Xiao, J., He, Y., Liang, H., Huang, J., Cai, Z., Yi, Z., Chen, M., Li, Y., et al. (2025) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.103175 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Dyrskjøt, L., Hansel, D. E., Efstathiou, J. A., Knowles, M. A., Galsky, M. D., Teoh, J., & Theodorescu, D.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Disease Primers
- Published
- 2023-10-26
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 58-58
- ISSN
- 2056-676X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4387966914
- Cited by
- 544
- References
- 236
- FWCI
- 46.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Dyrskjøt, L., Hansel, D. E., Efstathiou, J. A., Knowles, M. A., Galsky, M. D., Teoh, J., & Theodorescu, D. (2023). Bladder cancer. Nature Reviews Disease Primers. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41572-023-00468-9
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