Cited by 386Liver Disease Diagnosis and TreatmentLiver physiology and pathologyLiver Diseases and Immunity

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Adaptive immunity: an emerging player in the progression of NAFLD

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Sutti, Salvatore, Albano, Emanuele·2020·Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

DOI 10.1038/s41575-019-0210-2PMC PMC7222953

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Abstract

In the past decade, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a leading cause of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, as well as an important risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of liver lesions, including simple steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Although steatosis is often harmless, the lobular inflammation that characterizes nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is considered a driving force in the progression of NAFLD. The current view is that innate immune mechanisms represent a key element in supporting hepatic inflammation in NASH. However, increasing evidence points to the role of adaptive immunity as an additional factor promoting liver inflammation. This Review discusses data regarding the role of B cells and T cells in sustaining the progression of NASH to fibrosis and HCC, along with the findings that antigens originating from oxidative stress act as a trigger for immune responses. We also highlight the mechanisms affecting liver immune tolerance in the setting of steatohepatitis that favour lymphocyte activation. Finally, we analyse emerging evidence concerning the possible application of immune modulating treatments in NASH therapy.

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Authors: Sutti, S., & Albano, E.
Affiliations: Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale “Amedeo Avogadro” (IT)
Corresponding author: Albano, Emanuele
ORCID: Sutti, Salvatore
Albano, Emanuele
Venue: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-10-11
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Pages: 81-92
ISSN: 1759-5045 (ISSN-L)
1759-5053
DOI: 10.1038/s41575-019-0210-2
PMC: PMC7222953
OpenAlex: W2979371456
Cited by: 374
References: 137
Citations by year: 2026: 35 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 1
FWCI: 5.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Fondazione Cariplo (2011-0470)
Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (FAR 2015)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
Keywords: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, adaptive immunity, B cells, T cells, liver inflammation, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, immune tolerance, immunomodulatory therapy, disease progression
MeSH terms: B-Lymphocytes, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Immunity, Innate, Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Neoplasms, T-Lymphocytes, Oxidative Stress, Disease Progression, Natural Killer T-Cells, Adaptive Immunity, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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Adaptive immunity: an emerging player in the progression of NAFLD

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