The bacterial cell cycle, chromosome inheritance and cell growth.

Abstract

All viable bacterial cells, whether they divide symmetrically or asymmetrically, must coordinate their growth, division, cell volume and shape with the inheritance of the genome. These coordinated processes maintain genome integrity over generations as chromosomes are duplicated and segregated during each cell cycle, and include the organization of DNA into nucleoids, controlled and faithful DNA replication, chromosome unlinking and faithful segregation into daughter cells. In this Review, we explore the contributions of chromosome structure and nucleoid organization to cell cycle regulation, detail the cellular processes involved in the initiation of DNA replication and DNA segregation and explore how those processes are linked to cell growth and cell division. Furthermore, we address how the study of a growing number of bacterial species enables the search for common principles that underlie the coordination of chromosome inheritance with the cell cycle.