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Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19
Open accessCOVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, COVID-19 Host Genetics InitiativeLeadership, Niemi, Mari E. K., Karjalainen, Juha, Liao, Rachel G., Neale, Benjamin M., Daly, Mark, Ganna, Andrea, Writing group, Writing group leaders, Pathak, Gita A., Andrews, Shea J., Kanai, Masahiro, Writing group members, Veerapen, Kumar, Fernandez-Cadenas, Israel, Schulte, Eva C., Striano, Pasquale, Marttila, Minttu, Minica, Camelia, Marouli, Eirini, Karim, Mohd Anisul, Wendt, Frank R., Savage, Jeanne, Sloofman, Laura, Butler-Laporte, Guillaume, Kim, Han-Na, Kanoni, Stavroula, Okada, Yukinori, Byun, Jinyoung, Han, Younghun, Uddin, Mohammed Jashim, Smith, George Davey, Willer, Cristen J., Buxbaum, Joseph D., Analysis group, Manuscript analyses team leader, Manuscript analyses team member: meta-analysis, Mehtonen, Juha, Manuscript analyses team member: heritability, methods and supplements, Manuscript analyses team member: PHEWAS, Manuscript analyses team member: Mendelian randomization, Manuscript analyses team member: PC projection and gene prioritization, Manuscript analyses team member: gene prioritization, Finucane, Hilary, Manuscript analyses team member: sensitivity analysis, Cordioli, Mattia, Manuscript analyses team members: PC projection, Martin, Alicia R., Zhou, Wei, In silico analysis team members, Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Julienne, Hanna, Aschard, Hugues, Shi, Huwenbo, Yengo, Loic, Polimanti, Renato, Ghoussaini, Maya, Schwartzentruber, Jeremy, Dunham, Ian, Project management group, Project management leader, Project management support, Chwialkowska, Karolina, Francescatto, Margherita, Trankiem, Amy, Balaconis, Mary K., Phenotype steering group, Davis, Lea, Lee, Sulggi, Priest, James, Renieri, Alessandra, Sankaran, Vijay G., van Heel, David, Deelen, Patrick, Richards, J. Brent, Nakanishi, Tomoko, Biesecker, Les, Kerchberger, V. Eric, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Data dictionary, Mari, Francesca, Bernasconi, Anna, Baillie, Stefano Ceri, Canakoglu, Arif, Scientific communication group, Scientific communication leaders, Wolford, Brooke, Scientific communication members, Faucon, Annika, Dutta, Atanu Kumar, Schurmann, Claudia, Harry, Emi, Birney, Ewan, Nguyen, Huy, Nasir, Jamal, Kaunisto, Mari, Solomonson, Matthew, Dueker, Nicole, Vadgama, Nirmal, Limou, Sophie, Translators, Rahmouni, Souad, Mbarek, Hamdi, Darwish, Dima, Uddin, Md Mesbah, Albertos, Raquel, Pérez-Tur, Jordi, Li, Ruolin, Folkersen, Lasse, Moltke, Ida, Koelling, Nils, Teumer, Alexander, Kousathanas, Athanasios, Utrilla, Alicia, Verdugo, Ricardo A., Zárate, Ruth, Medina-Gómez, Carolina, Gómez-Cabrero, David, Carnero-Montoro, Elena, Cadilla, Carmen L., Moreno-Estrada, Andrés, Garmendia, Adriana, Moya, Leire, Sedaghati-Khayat, Bahar, Boua, Palwendé Romuald, Favé, Marie-Julie, Francioli, Laurent, Lemaçon, Audrey, Migeotte, Isabelle, Patel, Sanjay, Varnai, Reka, Szentpeteri, Jozsef L., Sipeky, Csilla, Colombo, Francesca, von Hohenstaufen, Kathrin, Lio, Pietro, Vallerga, Costanza, Wang, Qingbo, Tanigawa, Yosuke, Im, Hogune, Han, Chulho, Song, Han, Lim, Jiwoo, Lee, Younhe, Kim, Sugyeong, Im, Sangyoon, Atanasovska, Biljana, Ahmad, Hajar Fauzan, Boer, Cindy, Jansen, Philip, Franke, Lude, Kaja, Elżbieta, Pasko, Dorota, Kennis-Szilagyi, Ingrid, Kornilov, Sergey A., Prijatelj, Vid, Prokić, Ivana, Sivanadhan, Ilangkumaran, Perumal, Sarala, Esmaeeli, Sahar, Pearson, Nathaniel M., Website Development, Website development leaders, 23andMe, Analysis team leader, Auton, Adam, Data collection leaders, 23andMe COVID-19 Team*, Shelton, Janie F., Shastri, Anjali J., Analysis team members, Filshtein-Sonmez, Teresa, Coker, Daniella, Symons, Antony, Esparza-Gordillo, Jorge, Aslibekyan, Stella, O’Connell, Jared, Data collection members, Ye, Chelsea, Weldon, Catherine H., 23andMe COVID-19 Team, ACCOuNT, Analysis team leader, Perera, Minoli, Data collection leaders, O’Leary, Kevin, Tuck, Matthew, O’Brien, Travis, Meltzer, David, O’Donnell, Peter, Nutescu, Edith, Analysis team members, Yang, Guang, Data collection members, Alarcon, Cristina, Herrmann, Stefanie, Mazurek, Sophia, Banagan, Jeff, Hamidi, Zacharia, Barbour, April, Raffat, Noora, Moreno, Diana, Admin team member, Friedman, Paula, Amsterdam UMC COVID Study Group, Analysis team leader, Ferwerda, Bart, Data collection leaders, van de Beek, Diederik, Brouwer, Matthijs C., Vlaar, Alexander P. J., Wiersinga, W. Joost, Analysis team members, Posthuma, Danielle, Tissink, Elleke, Koos Zwinderman, A. H., Uffelmann, Emil, Data collection members, van Agtmael, Michiel, Algera, Anne Geke, van Baarle, Frank, Bax, Diane, Beudel, Martijn, Jan Bogaard, Harm, Bomers, Marije, Bonta, Peter I., Bos, Lieuwe, Botta, Michela, de Brabander, Justin, de Bree, Godelieve, de Bruin, Sanne, Bugiani, Marianna, Bulle, Esther, Chouchane, Osoul, Cloherty, Alex, Dongelmans, Dave, Elbers, Paul, Fleuren, Lucas, Geerlings, Suzanne, Geerts, Bart, Geijtenbeek, Theo, Girbes, Armand, Goorhuis, Bram, Grobusch, Martin P., Hafkamp, Florianne, Hagens, Laura, Hamann, Jorg, Harris, Vanessa, Hemke, Robert, Hermans, Sabine M., Heunks, Leo, Hollmann, Markus, Horn, Janneke, Hovius, Joppe W., de Jong, Menno D., Koning, Rutger, van Mourik, Niels, Nellen, Jeannine, Nossent, Esther J., Paulus, Frederique, Peters, Edgar, van der Poll, Tom, Preckel, Bennedikt, Prins, Jan M., Raasveld, Jorinde, Reijnders, Tom, Schinkel, Michiel, Schultz, Marcus J., Schuurman, Alex, Sigaloff, Kim, Smit, Marry, Stijnis, Cornelis S., Stilma, Willemke, Teunissen, Charlotte, Thoral, Patrick, Tsonas, Anissa, van der Valk, Marc, Veelo, Denise, de Vries, Heder, van Vugt, Michèle, Wouters, Dorien, Minnaar, René P., Kromhout, Adrie, van Uffelen, Kees W. J., Wolterman, Ruud A., AncestryDNA COVID-19 Research Study, Analysis team leader, Roberts, Genevieve, Data collection leader, Park, Danny, Admin team leader, Ball, Catherine A., Analysis team members, Coignet, Marie, McCurdy, Shannon, Knight, Spencer, Partha, Raghavendran, Rhead, Brooke, Data collection members, Zhang, Miao, Berkowitz, Nathan, Gaddis, Michael, Noto, Keith, Ruiz, Luong, Pavlovic, Milos, Admin team members, Hong, Eurie L., Rand, Kristin, Girshick, Ahna, Guturu, Harendra, Baltzell, Asher Haug, BelCovid, Analysis team leader, Data collection leaders, Rahmouni, Souad, Guntz, Julien, Admin team leader, Beguin, Yves, Analysis team members, Pigazzini, Sara, Nkambule, Lindokuhle, Data collection members, Bouysran, Youssef, Busson, Adeline, Peyrassol, Xavier, Wilkin, Françoise, Pichon, Bruno, Smits, Guillaume, Vandernoot, Isabelle, Goffard, Jean-Christophe, Georges, Michel, Moutschen, Michel, Misset, Benoit, Darcis, Gilles, Guiot, Julien, Jadot, Laurent, Azarzar, Samira, Dellot, Patricia, Gofflot, Stéphanie, Claassen, Sabine, Bertrand, Axelle, Parzibut, Gilles, Clarinval, Mathilde, Moermans, Catherine, Malaise, Olivier, El Kandoussi, Kamilia, Thonon, Raphaël, Huynen, Pascale, Mesdagh, Alyssia, Melo, Sofia, Jacques, Nicolas, Di Valentin, Emmanuel, Giroule, François, Collignon, Alice, Radermecker, Coraline, Lebrun, Marielle, Perée, Hélène, Latour, Samuel, Barada, Olivia, Sanchez, Judit, Josse, Claire, Boujemla, Bouchra, Meunier, Margot, Mariavelle, Emeline, Anania, Sandy, Gazon, Hélène, Juszczak, Danusia, Fadeur, Marjorie, Camby, Séverine, Meuris, Christelle, Thys, Marie, Jacques, Jessica, Henket, Monique, Léonard, Philippe, Frippiat, Frederic, Giot, Jean-Baptiste, Sauvage, Anne-Sophie, Von Frenckell, Christian, Mni, Myriam, Wéry, Marie, Staderoli, Alicia, Belhaj, Yasmine, Lambermont, Bernard, Biobanque Quebec COVID-19, Analysis team leader, Data collection leader, Morrison, David R., Admin team leaders, Mooser, Vincent, Analysis team members, Forgetta, Vincenzo, Li, Rui, Data collection members, Ghosh, Biswarup, Laurent, Laetitia, Belisle, Alexandre, Henry, Danielle, Abdullah, Tala, Adeleye, Olumide, Mamlouk, Noor, Kimchi, Nofar, Afrasiabi, Zaman, Rezk, Nardin, Vulesevic, Branka, Bouab, Meriem, Guzman, Charlotte, Petitjean, Louis, Tselios, Chris, Xue, Xiaoqing, Afilalo, Jonathan, Afilalo, Marc, Oliveira, Maureen, Brenner, Bluma, Brassard, Nathalie, Durand, Madeleine, Admin team members, Schurr, Erwin, Lepage, Pierre, Ragoussis, Jiannis, Auld, Daniel, Chassé, Michaël, Kaufmann, Daniel E., Lathrop, G. Mark, Adra, Darin, BioVU, Analysis team leaders, Davis, Lea K., Cox, Nancy J., Below, Jennifer E., Analysis team members, Sealock, Julia M., Faucon, Annika B., Shuey, Megan M., Polikowsky, Hannah G., Petty, Lauren E., Shaw, Douglas M., Chen, Hung-Hsin, Zhu, Wanying, Bonn Study of COVID-19 Genetics, Data collection leader, Ludwig, Kerstin U., Analysis team members, Schröder, Julia, Maj, Carlo, Data collection members, Rolker, Selina, Nöthen, Markus M., Fazaal, Julia, Keitel, Verena, Jensen, Björn-Erik Ole, Feldt, Torsten, Kurth, Ingo, Marx, Nikolaus, Dreher, Michael, Pink, Isabell, Cornberg, Markus, Illig, Thomas, Lehmann, Clara, Schommers, Philipp, Augustin, Max, Rybniker, Jan, Knopp, Lisa, Eggermann, Thomas, Volland, Sonja, Altmüller, Janine, Berger, Marc M., Brenner, Thorsten, Hinney, Anke, Witzke, Oliver, Bals, Robert, Herr, Christian, Ludwig, Nicole, Walter, Jörn, CHRIS, Analysis team leader, Fuchsberger, Christian, Data collection leaders, Pattaro, Cristian, De Grandi, Alessandro, Admin team leader, Pramstaller, Peter, Analysis team members, Emmert, David, Melotti, Roberto, Foco, Luisa, Admin team members, Mascalzoni, Deborah, Gögele, Martin, Domingues, Francisco, Hicks, Andrew, Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine (CCPM), Analysis team leader, Gignoux, Christopher R., Data collection leaders, Wicks, Stephen J., Crooks, Kristy, Admin team leader, Barnes, Kathleen C., Analysis team members, Daya, Michelle, Shortt, Jonathan, Rafaels, Nicholas, Chavan, Sameer, Columbia University COVID-19 Biobank, Analysis team leaders, Goldstein, David B., Kiryluk, Krzysztof, Data collection leaders, Sengupta, Soumitra, Chung, Wendy, Reilly, Muredach P., Analysis team members, Khan, Atlas, Wang, Chen, Povysil, Gundula, Bhardwaj, Nitin, Gharavi, Ali G., Ionita-Laza, Iuliana, Data collection members, Shang, Ning, O’Byrne, Sheila M., Nandakumar, Renu, Menon, Amritha, So, Yat S., Hod, Eldad, Admin team member, Pendrick, Danielle, Corea (Genetics of COVID-19-related Manifestation), Analysis team leader, Kim, Han-Na, Data collection leaders, Park, Soo-Kyung, Kim, Hyung-Lae, Kang, Chang Kyung, Lee, Hyo-Jung, Song, Kyoung-Ho, Admin team leaders, Jae Yoon, Kyung, Paik, Nam-Jong, Analysis team members, Seok, Woojin, Yoon, Heejun, Data collection members, Joo, Eun-Jeong, Chang, Yoosoo, Ryu, Seungho, Park, Wan Beom, Su Park, Jeong, Un Park, Kyoung, Ham, Sin Young, Jung, Jongtak, Kim, Eu Suk, Kim, Hong Bin, COVID-19-Hostage, Analysis team leaders, Ellinghaus, David, Degenhardt, Frauke, Cáceres, Mario, Juzenas, Simonas, Lenz, Tobias L., Data collection leaders, Albillos, Agustín, Julià, Antonio, Heidecker, Bettina, Garcia, Federico, Kurth, Florian, Tran, Florian, Hanses, Frank, Zoller, Heinz, Holter, Jan C., Fernández, Javier, Sander, Leif Erik, Rosenstiel, Philip, Koehler, Philipp, de Cid, Rafael, Asselta, Rosanna, Schreiber, Stefan, Hehr, Ute, Prati, Daniele, Baselli, Guido, Valenti, Luca, Bujanda, Luis, Banales, Jesus M., Duga, Stefano, D’Amato, Mauro, Romero-Gómez, Manuel, Buti, Maria, Invernizzi, Pietro, Admin team leaders, Franke, Andre, Hov, Johannes R., Karlsen, Tom H., Folseraas, Trine, Maya-Miles, Douglas, Analysis team members, Teles, Ana, Azuure, Clinton, Wacker, Eike Matthias, Uellendahl-Werth, Florian, ElAbd, Hesham, Arora, Jatin, Lerga-Jaso, Jon, Wienbrandt, Lars, Rühlemann, Malte Christoph, Wendorff, Mareike, Vadla, May Sissel, Lenning, Ole Bernt, Özer, Onur, Myhre, Ronny, Raychaudhuri, Soumya, Tanck, Anja, Gassner, Christoph, Hemmrich-Stanisak, Georg, Kässens, Jan, Figuera Basso, Maria E., Schulzky, Martin, Wittig, Michael, Braun, Nicole, Wesse, Tanja, Albrecht, Wolfgang, Yi, Xiaoli, Data collection members, Ortiz, Aaron Blandino, Chercoles, Adolfo Garrido, Ruiz, Agustín, Mantovani, Alberto, Holten, Aleksander Rygh, Mayer, Alena, Cherubini, Alessandro, Protti, Alessandro, Aghemo, Alessio, Gerussi, Alessio, Ramirez, Alfredo, Braun, Alice, Barreira, Ana, Lleo, Ana, Kildal, Anders Benjamin, Glück, Andreas, Nolla, Anna Carreras, Latiano, Anna, Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Ma, Muscatello, Antonio, Voza, Antonio, Rando-Segura, Ariadna, Solier, Aurora, Karina, Banasik, Cortes, Beatriz, Mateos, Beatriz, Nafria-Jimenez, Beatriz, Schaefer, Benedikt, Bellinghausen, Carla, Ferrando, Carlos, Quereda, Carmen, Skurk, Carsten, Thibeault, Charlotte, Spinner, Christoph D., Lange, Christoph, Hu, Cinzia, Cappadona, Claudio, Bianco, Cristiana, Sancho, Cristina, Lihaug Hoff, Dag Arne, Galimberti, Daniela, Jiménez, David, Pestaña, David, Toapanta, David, Azzolini, Elena, Scarpini, Elio, Helbig, Elisa T., Urrechaga, Eloisa, Paraboschi, Elvezia Maria, Pontali, Emanuele, Reverter, Enric, Navas, Enrique, Arana, Eunate, Sánchez, Félix García, Ceriotti, Ferruccio, Malvestiti, Francesco, Mesonero, Francisco, Pezzoli, Gianni, Lamorte, Giuseppe, Neb, Holger, My, Ilaria, Hernández, Isabel, de Rojas, Itziar, Galván-Femenia, Iván, Heyckendorf, Jan, Rybniker, Jan, Badia, Joan Ramon, Schneider, Jochen, Goikoetxea, Josune, Kraft, Julia, Müller, Karl Erik, Gaede, Karoline I., Garcia-Etxebarria, Koldo, Tonby, Kristian, Heggelund, Lars, Izquierdo-Sanchez, Laura, Sumoy, Lauro, Lippert, Lena J., Terranova, Leonardo, Garbarino, Lucia, Téllez, Luis, Roade, Luisa, Ostadreza, Mahnoosh, Intxausti, Maider, Kogevinas, Manolis, Gutiérrez-Stampa, María A., Vehreschild, Maria J. G. T., Marquié, Marta, Castoldi, Massimo, Cecconi, Maurizio, Boada, Mercè, Seilmaier, Michael J., Mazzocco, Michela, Rodríguez-Gandía, Miguel, Ayo, Natale Imaz, Blay, Natalia, Martínez, Nilda, Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 Study Group*, Cornely, Oliver A., Palmieri, Orazio, Tentorio, Paolo, Rodrigues, Pedro M., España, Pedro P., Hoffmann, Per, Bacher, Petra, Suwalski, Phillip, de Pablo, Raúl, Nieto, Rosa, Badalamenti, Salvatore, Ciesek, Sandra, Bombace, Sara, Wilfling, Sibylle, Brunak, Søren, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, The Humanitas COVID-19 Task Force*, The Humanitas Gavazzeni COVID-19 Task Force*, Ripke, Stephan, Bahmer, Thomas, Landmesser, Ulf, Protzer, Ulrike, Rimoldi, Valeria, Skogen, Vegard, Andrade, Victor, Moreno, Victor, Poller, Wolfgang, Farre, Xavier, Wang, Xiaomin, Khodamoradi, Yascha, Karadeniz, Zehra, de Salazar, Adolfo, Palom, Adriana, Garcia-Fernandez, Alba-Estela, Blanco-Grau, Albert, Zanella, Alberto, Bandera, Alessandra, Nebel, Almut, Biondi, Andrea, Caballero-Garralda, Andrea, Gori, Andrea, Lind, Andreas, Fracanzani, Anna Ludovica, Peschuck, Anna, Pesenti, Antonio, de la Horra, Carmen, Milani, Chiara, Paccapelo, Cinzia, Angelini, Claudio, Cea, Cristina, Muñiz-Diaz, Eduardo, Sandoval, Elena, Calderón, Enrique J., Solligård, Erik, Aziz, Fátima, Martinelli-Boneschi, Filippo, Peyvandi, Flora, Blasi, Francesco, Medrano, Francisco J., Rodriguez-Frias, Francisco, Müller, Fredrik, Grasselli, Giacomo, Costantino, Giorgio, Cardamone, Giulia, Foti, Giuseppe, Matullo, Giuseppe, Kurihara, Hayato, Afset, Jan Egil, Damås, Jan Kristian, Ampuero, Javier, Martín, Javier, Erdmann, Jeanette, Bergan, Jonas, Goerg, Siegfried, Ferrusquía-Acosta, Jose, Quero, Jose Hernández, Delgado, Juan, Guerrero, Juan M., Risnes, Kari, Bettini, Laura Rachele, Moreira, Leticia, Gustad, Lise Tuset, Santoro, Luigi, Scudeller, Luigia, Riveiro-Barciela, Mar, Schaefer, Marco, Carrabba, Maria, Valsecchi, Maria G., Hernandez-Tejero, María, Acosta-Herrera, Marialbert, D’Angiò, Mariella, Baldini, Marina, Cazzaniga, Marina, Ciccarelli, Michele, Bocciolone, Monica, Miozzo, Monica, Chueca, Natalia, Montano, Nicola, Faverio, Paola, Preatoni, Paoletta, Bonfanti, Paolo, Omodei, Paolo, Castro, Pedro, Ferrer, Ricard, Gualtierotti, Roberta, Gallego-Durán, Rocío, Morilla, Rubén, Haider, Sammra, Marsal, Sara, Aneli, Serena, Pelusi, Serena, Bosari, Silvano, Aliberti, Stefano, Dudman, Susanne, Zheng, Tenghao, Pumarola, Tomas, Cejudo, Trinidad Gonzalez, Monzani, Valter, Friaza, Vicente, Peter, Wolfgang, Dopazo, Ximo, Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 Study Group, Humanitas COVID-19 Task Force, Duga, Stefano, The Humanitas Gavazzeni COVID-19 Task Force, Admin team members, May, Sandra, Grimsrud, Marit M., deCODE, Analysis team leader, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F., Data collection leader, Stefansson, Kari, Analysis team members, Sulem, Patrick, Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Melsted, Pall, Norddahl, Gudmundur, Swerford Moore, Kristjan Helgi, Data collection members, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Holm, Hilma, Determining the Molecular Pathways & Genetic Predisposition of the Acute Inflammatory Process Caused by SARS-CoV-2, Analysis team leader, Alarcón-Riquelme, Marta E., Data collection leader, Bernardo, David, Analysis team member, Martínez-Bueno, Manuel, Data collection member, Rello, Silvia Rojo, Estonian Biobank, Analysis team leader, Magi, Reedik, Data collection leader, Milani, Lili, Admin team leader, Metspalu, Andres, Analysis team members, Laisk, Triin, Läll, Kristi, Lepamets, Maarja, Data collection members, Esko, Tõnu, Reimann, Ene, Naaber, Paul, Laane, Edward, Pesukova, Jaana, Peterson, Pärt, Kisand, Kai, Tabri, Jekaterina, Allos, Raili, Hensen, Kati, Starkopf, Joel, Ringmets, Inge, Tamm, Anu, Kallaste, Anne, Admin team members, Alavere, Helene, Metsalu, Kristjan, Puusepp, Mairo, FinnGen, Data collection members, Kristiansson, Kati, Koskelainen, Sami, Perola, Markus, Donner, Kati, Kivinen, Katja, Palotie, Aarno, Admin team member, FinnGen Admin team leader, Palotie, Aarno, Functional Host Genomics in Infectious Diseases (FHoGID), Analysis team leader, Rivolta, Carlo, Data collection leaders, Bochud, Pierre-Yves, Bibert, Stéphanie, Boillat, Noémie, Nussle, Semira Gonseth, Albrich, Werner, Analysis team members, Quinodoz, Mathieu, Kamdar, Dhryata, Data collection members, Suh, Noémie, Neofytos, Dionysios, Erard, Véronique, Voide, Cathy, FHoGID*, RegCOVID*, P-PredictUs*, SeroCOVID*, CRiPSI*, FHoGID, Bochud, P. Y., Rivolta, C., Bibert, S., Quinodoz, M., Kamdar, D., Neofytos, D., Erard, V., Voide, C., Friolet, R., Vollenweider, P., Pagani, J. L., Oddo, M., zu Bentrup, F. Meyer, Conen, A., Clerc, O., Marchetti, O., Guillet, A., Guyat-Jacques, C., Foucras, S., Rime, M., Chassot, J., Jaquet, M., Viollet, R. Merlet, Lannepoudenx, Y., Portopena, L., RegCOVID, Desgranges, F., Filippidis, P., Guéry, B., Haefliger, D., Kampouri, E. E., Manuel, O., Munting, A., Papadimitriou-Olivgeris, M., Regina, J., Rochat-Stettler, L., Suttels, V., Tadini, E., Tschopp, J., Van Singer, M., Viala, B., P-PredictUs, Boillat-Blanco, N., Brahier, T., Hügli, O., Meuwly, J. Y., Pantet, O., SérocoViD, Nussle, S. Gonseth, Bochud, M., D’Acremont, V., Younes, S. Estoppey, CRiPSI, Albrich, W. C., Suh, N., Cerny, A., O’Mahony, L., von Mering, C., Bochud, P. Y., Frischknecht, M., Kleger, G.-R., Filipovic, M., Kahlert, C. R., Wozniak, H., Negro, T. Rochat, Pugin, J., Bouras, K., Knapp, C., Egger, T., Perret, A., Montillier, P., di Bartolomeo, C., Barda, B., GCAT Genomes For Life, Analysis team leader, de Cid, Rafael, Data collection leaders, Carreras, Anna, Moreno, Victor, Analysis team members, Galván-Femenía, Iván, Blay, Natalia, Farré, Xavier, Sumoy, Lauro, Data collection members, Cortés, Beatriz, Mercader, Josep Maria, Guindo-Martinez, Marta, Torrents, David, Garcia-Aymerich, Judith, Castaño-Vinyals, Gemma, Dobaño, Carlota, GEN-COVID Multicenter Study, Analysis team leaders, Gori, Marco, Data collection leaders, Renieri, Alessandra, Mondelli, Mario Umberto, Castelli, Francesco, Vaghi, Massimo, Rusconi, Stefano, Montagnani, Francesca, Bargagli, Elena, Franchi, Federico, Mazzei, Maria Antonietta, Cantarini, Luca, Tacconi, Danilo, Feri, Marco, Scala, Raffaele, Spargi, Genni, Nencioni, Cesira, Bandini, Maria, Caldarelli, Gian Piero, Spagnesi, Maurizio, Canaccini, Anna, Ognibene, Agostino, D’Arminio Monforte, Antonella, Girardis, Massimo, Antinori, Andrea, Francisci, Daniela, Schiaroli, Elisabetta, Scotton, Pier Giorgio, Panese, Sandro, Scaggiante, Renzo, Monica, Matteo Della, Capasso, Mario, Fiorentino, Giuseppe, Castori, Marco, Aucella, Filippo, Di Biagio, Antonio, Masucci, Luca, Valente, Serafina, Mandalà, Marco, Zucchi, Patrizia, Giannattasio, Ferdinando, Coviello, Domenico A., Mussini, Cristina, Bosio, Giancarlo, Tavecchia, Luisa, Crotti, Lia, Rizzi, Marco, La Rovere, Maria Teresa, Sarzi-Braga, Simona, Bussotti, Maurizio, Ravaglia, Sabrina, Artuso, Rosangela, Perrella, Antonio, Romani, Davide, Bergomi, Paola, Catena, Emanuele, Vincenti, Antonella, Ferri, Claudio, Grassi, Davide, Pessina, Gloria, Tumbarello, Mario, Di Pietro, Massimo, Sabrina, Ravaglia, Luchi, Sauro, Barbieri, Chiara, Acquilini, Donatella, Andreucci, Elena, Paciosi, Francesco, Segala, Francesco Vladimiro, Tiseo, Giusy, Falcone, Marco, Lista, Mirjam, Poscente, Monica, De Vivo, Oreste, Petrocelli, Paola, Guarnaccia, Alessandra, Baroni, Silvia, Perticaroli, Valentina, Admin team leaders, Furini, Simone, Dei, Simona, Analysis team members, Benetti, Elisa, Picchiotti, Nicola, Sanarico, Maurizio, Ceri, Stefano, Pinoli, Pietro, Raimondi, Francesco, Biscarini, Filippo, Stella, Alessandra, Bergomi, Mattia, Zguro, Kristina, Capitani, Katia, Tanfoni, Marco, Data collection members, Fallerini, Chiara, Daga, Sergio, Baldassarri, Margherita, Fava, Francesca, Frullanti, Elisa, Valentino, Floriana, Doddato, Gabriella, Giliberti, Annarita, Tita, Rossella, Amitrano, Sara, Bruttini, Mirella, Croci, Susanna, Meloni, Ilaria, Mencarelli, Maria Antonietta, Lo Rizzo, Caterina, Pinto, Anna Maria, Beligni, Giada, Tommasi, Andrea, Di Sarno, Laura, Palmieri, Maria, Carriero, Miriam Lucia, Alaverdian, Diana, Iuso, Nicola, Inchingolo, Gabriele, Busani, Stefano, Bruno, Raffaele, Vecchia, Marco, Belli, Mary Ann, Mantovani, Stefania, Ludovisi, Serena, Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia, Antoni, Melania Degli, Zanella, Isabella, Siano, Matteo, Emiliozzi, Arianna, Fabbiani, Massimiliano, Rossetti, Barbara, Zanelli, Giacomo, Bergantini, Laura, D’Alessandro, Miriana, Cameli, Paolo, Bennet, David, Anedda, Federico, Marcantonio, Simona, Scolletta, Sabino, Guerrini, Susanna, Conticini, Edoardo, Frediani, Bruno, Spertilli, Chiara, Donati, Alice, Guidelli, Luca, Corridi, Marta, Croci, Leonardo, Piacentini, Paolo, Desanctis, Elena, Cappelli, Silvia, Verzuri, Agnese, Anemoli, Valentina, Pancrazi, Alessandro, Lorubbio, Maria, Merlini, Esther, Miraglia, Federica Gaia, Venturelli, Sophie, Cossarizza, Andrea, Vergori, Alessandra, Gabrieli, Arianna, Riva, Agostino, Paciosi, Francesco, Andretta, Francesca, Gatti, Francesca, Parisi, Saverio Giuseppe, Baratti, Stefano, Piscopo, Carmelo, Russo, Roberta, Andolfo, Immacolata, Iolascon, Achille, Carella, Massimo, Merla, Giuseppe, Squeo, Gabriella Maria, Raggi, Pamela, Marciano, Carmen, Perna, Rita, Bassetti, Matteo, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Giorli, Alessia, Salerni, Lorenzo, Parravicini, Pierpaolo, Menatti, Elisabetta, Trotta, Tullio, Coiro, Gabriella, Lena, Fabio, Martinelli, Enrico, Mancarella, Sandro, Gabbi, Chiara, Maggiolo, Franco, Ripamonti, Diego, Bachetti, Tiziana, Suardi, Claudia, Parati, Gianfranco, Bottà, Giordano, Di Domenico, Paolo, Rancan, Ilaria, Bianchi, Francesco, Colombo, Riccardo, Genes & Health, Analysis team leader, van Heel, David A., Data collection leader, Hunt, Karen A., Admin team leader, Trembath, Richard C., Analysis team members, Huang, Qin Qin, Martin, Hilary C., Data collection members, Mason, Dan, Trivedi, Bhavi, Wright, John, Admin team members, Finer, Sarah, Genes & Health Research Team*, Griffiths, Christopher J., Genes & Health Research Team, Akhtar, Shaheen, Anwar, Mohammad, Arciero, Elena, Ashraf, Samina, Breen, Gerome, Chung, Raymond, Curtis, Charles J., Chowdhury, Maharun, Colligan, Grainne, Deloukas, Panos, Durham, Ceri, Finer, Sarah, Griffiths, Chris, Huang, Qin Qin, Hurles, Matt, Hunt, Karen A., Hussain, Shapna, Islam, Kamrul, Khan, Ahsan, Khan, Amara, Lavery, Cath, Lee, Sang Hyuck, Lerner, Robin, MacArthur, Daniel, MacLaughlin, Bev, Martin, Hilary, Mason, Dan, Miah, Shefa, Newman, Bill, Safa, Nishat, Tahmasebi, Farah, Trembath, Richard C., Trivedi, Bhavi, van Heel, David A., Wright, John, Genes for Good, Analysis team leader, Smith, Albert V., Data collection members, Boughton, Andrew P., Li, Kevin W., LeFaive, Jonathon, Annis, Aubrey, Genetic determinants of COVID-19 complications in the Brazilian population, Analysis team leader, Data collection leader, Jannes, Cinthia E., Admin team leaders, Krieger, Jose E., Pereira, Alexandre C., Analysis team members, Velho, Mariliza, Marques, Emanuelle, Data collection members, Lima, Isabella Ramos, Tada, Mauricio Teruo, Valino, Karina, Genetic influences on severity of COVID-19 illness in Korea, Analysis team leaders, McCarthy, Mark, Rosenberger, Carrie, Data collection leader, Lee, Jong Eun, Analysis team members, Chang, Diana, Hammer, Christian, Hunkapiller, Julie, Mahajan, Anubha, Pendergrass, Sarah, Sucheston-Campbell, Lara, Yaspan, Brian, Data collection members, Lee, Hyun Soo, Shin, Eunsoon, Jang, Hye Yoon, Kim, Sunmie, Kym, Sungmin, Kim, Yeon-Sook, Jeong, Hyeongseok, Kwon, Ki Tae, Kim, Shin-Woo, Kim, Jin Yong, Jang, Young Rock, Kim, Hyun ah, Lee, Ji Yeon, Lee, Jeong Eun, Lee, Shinwon, Choe, Kang-Won, Kang, Yu Min, Jee, Sun Ha, Jung, Keum Ji, Genomic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2host genetics in coronavirus disease 2019, Data collection leaders, Parikh, Victoria, Ashley, Euan, Wheeler, Matthew, Rivas, Manuel, Bustamante, Carlos, Pinksy, Benjamin, Febbo, Phillip, Farh, Kyle, Schroth, Gary P., deSouza, Francis, Admin team leaders, Dalton, Karen, Christle, Jeff, Analysis team members, Deboever, Christopher, Szalma, Sándor, Tanigawa, Yosuke, Rubinacci, Simone, Delaneau, Olivier, Data collection members, Gorzynski, John, de Jong, Hannah, Sutton, Shirley, Youlton, Nathan, Joshi, Ruchi, Jimenez-Morales, David, Hughes, Christopher, Amar, David, Ioannidis, Alex, Hershman, Steve, Kirillova, Anna, Seo, Kinya, Huang, Yong, Shoura, Massa, Hammond, Nathan, Watson, Nathaniel, Raja, Archana, Huang, ChunHong, Sahoo, Malaya, Wang, Hannah, Admin team member, Zhen, Jimmy, Genotek COVID-19 study, Analysis team leader, Rakitko, Alexander, Admin team leader, Ilinsky, Valery, Analysis team members, Yermakovich, Danat, Popov, Iaroslav, Chernitsov, Alexander, Kovalenko, Elena, Krasnenko, Anna, Plotnikov, Nikolay, Stetsenko, Ivan, Kim, Anna, Helix & Healthy Nevada Project Exome+ COVID-19 Phenotypes, Analysis team leader, Cirulli, Elizabeth T., Analysis team members, Schiabor Barrett, Kelly M., Bolze, Alexandre, White, Simon, Washington, Nicole L., Lu, James T., Data collection members, Riffle, Stephen, Tanudjaja, Francisco, Wang, Xueqing, Ramirez, Jimmy M., Leonetti, Nicole, Sandoval, Efren, Neveux, Iva, Dabe, Shaun, Grzymski, Joseph J., 24Genetics & IdiPaz Genomic Variants associated to COVID-19 infection outcome, Analysis team leader, Esteban Miñano, Juan Ignacio, Data collection leader, Aguirre, Luis A., Admin team leader, López-Collazo, Eduardo, Analysis team members, de la Mata Pazos, Manuel, Cerrato, Luciano, Folkersen, Lasse, Data collection members, Lozano-Rodríguez, Roberto, Avendaño-Ortiz, José, Arcos, Verónica Terrón, Montalbán-Hernández, Karla Marina, Quiroga, Jaime Valentín, Pascual-Iglesias, Alejandro, Admin team members, Maroun-Eid, Charbel, Martín-Quirós, Alejandro, Japan Coronavirus Taskforce, Analysis team leaders, Namkoong, Ho, Okada, Yukinori, Imoto, Seiya, Data collection leaders, Katayama, Kazuhiko, Fukunaga, Koichi, Kitagawa, Yuko, Sato, Toshiro, Hasegawa, Naoki, Kumanogoh, Atsushi, Kimura, Akinori, Ai, Masumi, Tokunaga, Katsushi, Admin team leaders, Kanai, Takanori, Miyano, Satoru, Ogawa, Seishi, Analysis team members, Edahiro, Ryuya, Sonehara, Kyuto, Shirai, Yuya, Kanai, Masahiro, Data collection members, Ishii, Makoto, Kabata, Hiroki, Masaki, Katsunori, Kamata, Hirofumi, Ikemura, Shinnosuke, Chubachi, Shotaro, Okamori, Satoshi, Terai, Hideki, Tanaka, Hiromu, Morita, Atsuho, Lee, Ho, Asakura, Takanori, Sasaki, Junichi, Morisaki, Hiroshi, Uwamino, Yoshifumi, Nanki, Kosaku, Mikami, Yohei, Tomono, Kazunori, Kato, Kazuto, Matsuda, Fumihiko, Takahashi, Meiko, Hizawa, Nobuyuki, Takeda, Yoshito, Hirata, Haruhiko, Shiroyama, Takayuki, Miyawaki, Satoru, Suzuki, Ken, Maeda, Yuichi, Nii, Takuro, Noda, Yoshimi, Niitsu, Takayuki, Adachi, Yuichi, Enomoto, Takatoshi, Amiya, Saori, Hara, Reina, Takahashi, Kunihiko, Anzai, Tatsuhiko, Hasegawa, Takanori, Ito, Satoshi, Koike, Ryuji, Endo, Akifumi, Uchimura, Yuji, Miyazaki, Yasunari, Honda, Takayuki, Tateishi, Tomoya, Tohda, Shuji, Ichimura, Naoya, Sonobe, Kazunari, Sassa, Chihiro, Nakajima, Jun, Nannya, Yasuhito, Omae, Yosuke, Takahashi, Kazuhisa, Harada, Norihiro, Hiki, Makoto, Takagi, Haruhi, Nakamura, Ai, Tagaya, Etsuko, Kawana, Masatoshi, Arimura, Ken, Ishiguro, Takashi, Takayanagi, Noboru, Isono, Taisuke, Takaku, Yotaro, Takano, Kenji, Anan, Ryusuke, Nakajima, Yukiko, Nakano, Yasushi, Nishio, Kazumi, Ueda, Soichiro, Hayashi, Reina, Tateno, Hiroki, Hase, Isano, Yoshida, Shuichi, Suzuki, Shoji, Mitamura, Keiko, Saito, Fumitake, Ueda, Tetsuya, Azuma, Masanori, Nagasaki, Tadao, Yasui, Yoshinori, Hasegawa, Yoshinori, Mutoh, Yoshikazu, Yoshiyama, Takashi, Shoko, Tomohisa, Kojima, Mitsuaki, Adachi, Tomohiro, Ishikawa, Motonao, Takahashi, Kenichiro, Watanabe, Kazuyoshi, Manabe, Tadashi, Ito, Fumimaro, Fukui, Takahiro, Funatsu, Yohei, Koh, Hidefumi, Hirai, Yoshihiro, Kawashima, Hidetoshi, Narita, Atsuya, Niwa, Kazuki, Sekikawa, Yoshiyuki, Saito, Fukuki, Yoshiya, Kazuhisa, Yoshihara, Tomoyuki, Suzuki, Yusuke, Nakayama, Sohei, Masuzawa, Keita, Nishi, Koichi, Nishitsuji, Masaru, Tani, Maiko, Inoue, Takashi, Hirano, Toshiyuki, Kobayashi, Keigo, Miyazawa, Naoki, Kimura, Yasuhiro, Sado, Reiko, Ogura, Takashi, Kitamura, Hideya, Murohashi, Kota, Nakachi, Ichiro, Baba, Rie, Arai, Daisuke, Fuke, Satoshi, Saito, Hiroshi, Kuwahara, Naota, Fujiwara, Akiko, Okada, Takenori, Baba, Tomoya, Noda, Junya, Mashimo, Shuko, Yagi, Kazuma, Shiomi, Tetsuya, Hashiguchi, Mizuha, Odani, Toshio, Mochimaru, Takao, Oyamada, Yoshitaka, Mori, Nobuaki, Izumi, Namiki, Nagata, Kaoru, Taki, Reiko, Murakami, Koji, Yamada, Mitsuhiro, Sugiura, Hisatoshi, Hayashi, Kentaro, Shimizu, Tetsuo, Gon, Yasuhiro, Fujitani, Shigeki, Tsuchida, Tomoya, Yoshida, Toru, Kagaya, Takashi, Kita, Toshiyuki, Sakagami, Satoru, Kimizuka, Yoshifumi, Kawana, Akihiko, Nakamura, Yoshihiko, Ishikura, Hiroyasu, Takata, Tohru, Kikuchi, Takahide, Taniyama, Daisuke, Nakamura, Morio, Kodama, Nobuhiro, Kaneyama, Yasunari, Maeda, Shunsuke, Nagasaki, Yoji, Okamoto, Masaki, Ishihara, Sayoko, Ito, Akihiro, Chihara, Yusuke, Takeuchi, Mayumi, Onoi, Keisuke, Hashimoto, Naozumi, Wakahara, Keiko, Ando, Akira, Masuda, Makoto, Wakabayashi, Aya, Watanabe, Hiroki, Sageshima, Hisako, Nakada, Taka-Aki, Abe, Ryuzo, Shimada, Tadanaga, Kawamura, Kodai, Ichikado, Kazuya, Nishiyama, Kenta, Yamasaki, Masaki, Hashimoto, Satoru, Kusaka, Yu, Ohba, Takehiko, Isogai, Susumu, Takada, Minoru, Kanda, Hidenori, Komase, Yuko, Sano, Fumiaki, Asano, Koichiro, Oguma, Tsuyoshi, Harada, Masahiro, Takahashi, Takeshi, Shibusawa, Takayuki, Abe, Shinji, Kono, Yuta, Togashi, Yuki, Izumo, Takehiro, Inomata, Minoru, Awano, Nobuyasu, Ogawa, Shinichi, Ogata, Tomouki, Ishihara, Shoichiro, Kanehiro, Arihiko, Ozaki, Shinji, Fuchimoto, Yasuko, Kitagawa, Yuichiro, Yoshida, Shozo, Ogura, Shinji, Nishiyama, Kei, Yoshida, Kousuke, Beppu, Satoru, Fukuyama, Satoru, Eriguchi, Yoshihiro, Yonekawa, Akiko, Inoue, Yoshiaki, Yamagata, Kunihiro, Chiba, Shigeru, Narumoto, Osamu, Nagai, Hideaki, Ooshima, Nobuharu, Motegi, Mitsuru, Sagara, Hironori, Tanaka, Akihiko, Ohta, Shin, Shibata, Yoko, Tanino, Yoshinori, Sato, Yuki, Yamada, Yuichiro, Hashino, Takuya, Shinoki, Masato, Iwagoe, Hajime, Imamura, Tomonori, Umeda, Akira, Shimada, Hisato, Endo, Mayu, Hayashi, Shinichi, Takahashi, Mai, Nakano, Shigefumi, Yatomi, Masakiyo, Maeno, Toshitaka, Ishii, Tomoo, Utsugi, Mitsuyoshi, Ono, Akihiro, Kanaoka, Kensuke, Ihara, Shoichi, Komuta, Kiyoshi, Lifelines, Analysis team leader, Franke, Lude, Data collection leader, Boezen, Marike, Analysis team members, Claringbould, Annique, Lopera, Esteban, Warmerdam, Robert, Vonk, Judith. M., van Blokland, Irene, Data collection members, Lanting, Pauline, Ori, Anil P. S., Lung eQTL Consortium, Data collection members, Obeidat, Ma’en, Hernández Cordero, Ana I., Sin, Don D., Bossé, Yohan, Joubert, Philippe, Hao, Ke, Nickle, David, Timens, Wim, van den Berge, Maarten, Mass General Brigham-Host Vulnerability to COVID-19, Analysis team leaders, Feng, Yen-Chen Anne, Mercader, Josep, Data collection leaders, Weiss, Scott T., Karlson, Elizabeth W., Smoller, Jordan W., Murphy, Shawn N., Meigs, James B., Woolley, Ann E., Admin team leader, Green, Robert C., Data collection member, Perez, Emma F., Michigan Genomics Initiative (MGI), Analysis team leader, Wolford, Brooke, Admin team leader, Zöllner, Sebastian, Analysis team members, Wang, Jiongming, Beck, Andrew, Mount Sinai Health System COVID-19 Genomics Initiative, Analysis team leader, Sloofman, Laura G., Data collection leaders, Ascolillo, Steven, Sebra, Robert P., Collins, Brett L., Levy, Tess, Admin team leaders, Sealfon, Stuart C., Analysis team members, Jordan, Daniel M., Thompson, Ryan C., Gettler, Kyle, Chaudhary, Kumardeep, Belbin, Gillian M., Preuss, Michael, Hoggart, Clive, Choi, Sam, Underwood, Slayton J., Data collection members, Salib, Irene, Britvan, Bari, Keller, Katherine, Tang, Lara, Peruggia, Michael, Hiester, Liam L., Niblo, Kristi, Aksentijevich, Alexandra, Labkowsky, Alexander, Karp, Avrohom, Zlatopolsky, Menachem, Zyndorf, Marissa, Admin team members, Charney, Alexander W., Beckmann, Noam D., Schadt, Eric E., Abul-Husn, Noura S., Cho, Judy H., Itan, Yuval, Kenny, Eimear E., Loos, Ruth J. F., Nadkarni, Girish N., Do, Ron, O’Reilly, Paul, Huckins, Laura M., MyCode Health Initiative, Analysis team leaders, Ferreira, Manuel A. R., Abecasis, Goncalo R., Data collection leaders, Leader, Joseph B., Cantor, Michael N., Admin team leaders, Justice, Anne E., Carey, Dave J., Analysis team members, Chittoor, Geetha, Josyula, Navya Shilpa, Kosmicki, Jack A., Horowitz, Julie E., Baras, Aris, Data collection members, Gass, Matthew C., Yadav, Ashish, Admin team member, Mirshahi, Tooraj, Netherlands Twin Register, Analysis team leader, Jan Hottenga, Jouke, Data collection leader, Bartels, Meike, Admin team leader, de Geus, Eco J. C., Analysis team member, Nivard, Michel G., Penn Medicine Biobank, Analysis team leaders, Verma, Anurag, Ritchie, Marylyn D., Admin team leader, Rader, Daniel, Analysis team members, Li, Binglan, Verma, Shefali S., Lucas, Anastasia, Bradford, Yuki, Population controls, Analysis team leader, Zara, Federico, Analysis team members, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Scala, Marcello, Iacomino, Michele, Scudieri, Paolo, Bocciardi, Renata, Data collection members, Minetti, Carlo, Riva, Antonella, Vari, Maria Stella, Rahier, Jean-François, Giorgio, Elisa, Carli, Diana, Data collection leaders, Louis, Edouad, Bulik, Cynthia M., Landén, Mikael, Brusco, Alfredo, Ferrero, Giovanni Battista, Admin team leaders, Madia, Francesca, Fundín, Bengt, Qatar Genome Program, Analysis team leader, Data collection leader, Ismail, Said I., Analysis team members, Saad, Chadi, Al-Sarraj, Yaser, Data collection members, Badji, Radja Messai, Al-Muftah, Wadha, Al Thani, Asma, Afifi, Nahla, Study of the COVID-19 host genetics in the population of Latvia, Analysis team leader, Klovins, Janis, Data collection leader, Rovite, Vita, Analysis team members, Rescenko, Raimonds, Peculis, Raitis, Data collection member, Ustinova, Monta, The genetic predisposition to severe COVID-19, Analysis team leader, Data collection leader, Zeberg, Hugo, Analysis team members, Data collection members, Frithiof, Robert, Hultström, Michael, Lipcsey, Miklos, UCLA Precision Health COVID-19 Host Genomics Biobank, Analysis team leader, Johnson, Ruth, Data collection leader, UCLA Health ATLAS & Data Mart Working Group*, UCLA Health ATLAS & Data Mart Working Group, Geschwind, Daniel H., Admin team leaders, Freimer, Nelson, Butte, Manish J., Geschwind, Daniel H., Pasaniuc, Bogdan, Analysis team members, Ding, Yi, Chiu, Alec, Chang, Timothy S., Boutros, Paul, UK 100,000 Genomes Project (Genomics England), Analysis team leader, Moutsianas, Loukas, Data collection leaders, Caulfield, Mark J., Scott, Richard H., Analysis team members, Walker, Susan, Stuckey, Alex, Odhams, Christopher A., Rhodes, Daniel, Data collection members, Fowler, Tom, Rendon, Augusto, Chan, Georgia, Arumugam, Prabhu, UK Biobank, Analysis team leaders, Karczewski, Konrad J., Wilson, Daniel J., Spencer, Chris A., Data collection leaders, Crook, Derrick W., Wyllie, David H., O’Connell, Anne Marie, Admin team leader, Analysis team members, Atkinson, Elizabeth G., Kanai, Masahiro, Tsuo, Kristin, Baya, Nikolas, Turley, Patrick, Gupta, Rahul, Walters, Raymond K., Palmer, Duncan S., Sarma, Gopal, Solomonson, Matthew, Cheng, Nathan, Lu, Wenhan, Churchhouse, Claire, Goldstein, Jacqueline I., King, Daniel, Seed, Cotton, Daly, Mark J., Neale, Benjamin M., Bryant, Sam, Satterstrom, F. Kyle, Band, Gavin, Earle, Sarah G., Lin, Shang-Kuan, Arning, Nicolas, Data collection members, Armstrong, Jacob, Rudkin, Justine K., Admin team members, Callier, Shawneequa, Bryant, Sam, Cusick, Caroline, UK Blood Donors Cohort, Analysis team leaders, Soranzo, Nicole, Zhao, Jing Hua, Data collection leaders, Danesh, John, Di Angelantonio, Emanuele, Analysis team member, Butterworth, Adam S., VA Million Veteran Program (MVP), Analysis team leaders, Sun, Yan V., Huffman, Jennifer E., Data collection leader, Cho, Kelly, Admin team leaders, O’Donnell, Christopher J., Tsao, Phil, Gaziano, J. Michael, Analysis team member, Peloso, Gina, Data collection member, Ho, Yuk-Lam, Val Gardena, Analysis team leader, Data collection leader, Mian, Michael, Data collection member, Scaggiante, Federica, Admin team members, CHOP_CAG, Chang, Xiao, Glessner, Joseph R., Hakonarson, Hakon, GenOMICC/ISARIC4C, Data collection leaders, McGuigan, Peter J., Prockter Moore, Luke Stephen, Vizcaychipi, Marcela Paola, Hall, Kathryn, Campbell, Andy, Nichol, Ailstair, Ward, Geraldine, Page, Valerie Joan, Semple, Malcolm G., Adeniji, Kayode, Agranoff, Daniel, Agwuh, Ken, Ail, Dhiraj, Aldera, Erin L., Alegria, Ana, Angus, Brian, Ashish, Abdul, Atkinson, Dougal, Bari, Shahedal, Barlow, Gavin, Barnass, Stella, Barrett, Nicholas, Bassford, Christopher, Basude, Sneha, Baxter, David, Beadsworth, Michael, Bernatoniene, Jolanta, Berridge, John, Best, Nicola, Bothma, Pieter, Chadwick, David, Brittain-Long, Robin, Bulteel, Naomi, Burden, Tom, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Caruth, Vikki, Chambler, Duncan, Chee, Nigel, Child, Jenny, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Clark, Tom, Collini, Paul, Cosgrove, Catherine, Cupitt, Jason, Cutino-Moguel, Maria-Teresa, Dark, Paul, Dawson, Chris, Dervisevic, Samir, Donnison, Phil, Douthwaite, Sam, Drummond, Andrew, DuRand, Ingrid, Dushianthan, Ahilanadan, Dyer, Tristan, Evans, Cariad, Eziefula, Chi, Fegan, Christopher, Finn, Adam, Fullerton, Duncan, Garg, Sanjeev, Garg, Atul, Gkrania-Klotsas, Effrossyni, Godden, Jo, Goldsmith, Arthur, Graham, Clive, Hardy, Elaine, Hartshorn, Stuart, Harvey, Daniel, Havalda, Peter, Hawcutt, Daniel B., Hobrok, Maria, Hodgson, Luke, Hormis, Anil, Jacobs, Michael, Jain, Susan, Jennings, Paul, Kaliappan, Agilan, Kasipandian, Vidya, Kegg, Stephen, Kelsey, Michael, Kendall, Jason, Kerrison, Caroline, Kerslake, Ian, Koch, Oliver, Koduri, Gouri, Koshy, George, Laha, Shondipon, Laird, Steven, Larkin, Susan, Leiner, Tamas, Lillie, Patrick, Limb, James, Linnett, Vanessa, Little, Jeff, Lyttle, Mark, MacMahon, Michael, MacNaughton, Emily, Mankregod, Ravish, Masson, Huw, Matovu, Elijah, McCullough, Katherine, McEwen, Ruth, Meda, Manjula, Mills, Gary H., Minton, Jane, Ward, Karl, Mirfenderesky, Mariyam, Mohandas, Kavya, Mok, Quen, Moon, James, Moore, Elinoor, Morgan, Patrick, Morris, Craig, Mortimore, Katherine, Moses, Samuel, Mpenge, Mbiye, Mulla, Rohinton, Murphy, Michael, Nagel, Megan, Nagarajan, Thapas, Nelson, Mark, O’Shea, Matthew K., Otahal, Igor, Ostermann, Marlies, Pais, Mark, Panchatsharam, Selva, Papakonstantinou, Danai, Paraiso, Hassan, Patel, Brij, Pattison, Natalie, Pepperell, Justin, Peters, Mark, Phull, Mandeep, Pintus, Stefania, Pooni, Jagtur Singh, Post, Frank, Price, David, Prout, Rachel, Rae, Nikolas, Reschreiter, Henrik, Reynolds, Tim, Richardson, Neil, Roberts, Mark, Roberts, Devender, Rose, Alistair, Rousseau, Guy, Ryan, Brendan, Saluja, Taranprit, Shah, Aarti, Shanmuga, Prad, Sharma, Anil, Shawcross, Anna, Sizer, Jeremy, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Smith, Richard, Snelson, Catherine, Spittle, Nick, Staines, Nikki, Stambach, Tom, Stewart, Richard, Subudhi, Pradeep, Szakmany, Tamas, Tatham, Kate, Thomas, Jo, Thompson, Chris, Thompson, Robert, Tridente, Ascanio, Tupper-Carey, Darell, Twagira, Mary, Ustianowski, Andrew, Vallotton, Nick, Vincent-Smith, Lisa, Visuvanathan, Shico, Vuylsteke, Alan, Waddy, Sam, Wake, Rachel, Walden, Andrew, Welters, Ingeborg, Whitehouse, Tony, Whittaker, Paul, Whittington, Ashley, Papineni, Padmasayee, Wijesinghe, Meme, Williams, Martin, Wilson, Lawrence, Cole, Sarah, Winchester, Stephen, Wiselka, Martin, Wolverson, Adam, Wooton, Daniel G., Workman, Andrew, Yates, Bryan, Young, Peter, Analysis team members, Beale, Rupert, Bretherick, Andrew D., Clohisey, Sara, Fourman, Max Head, Furniss, James, Gountouna, Elvina, Grimes, Graeme, Haley, Chris, Harrison, David, Hayward, Caroline, Keating, Sean, Klaric, Lucija, Klenerman, Paul, Law, Andy, Meynert, Alison M., Millar, Jonathan, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Parkinson, Nicholas, Ponting, Chris P., Porteous, David J., Rawlik, Konrad, Richmond, Anne, Rowan, Kathy, Russell, Clark D., Scott, Richard H., Shen, Xia, Shih, Barbara, Tenesa, Albert, Vitart, Veronique, Wang, Bo, Wilson, James F., Wu, Yang, Yang, Jian, Yang, Zhijian, Zechner, Marie, Zhai, Ranran, Zheng, Chenqing, Norman, Lisa, Pius, Riinu, Drake, Thomas M., Fairfield, Cameron J., Knight, Stephen R., Mclean, Kenneth A., Murphy, Derek, Shaw, Catherine A., Dalton, Jo, Girvan, Michelle, Saviciute, Egle, Roberts, Stephanie, Harrison, Janet, Marsh, Laura, Connor, Marie, Halpin, Sophie, Jackson, Clare, Gamble, Carrol, Leeming, Gary, Law, Andrew, Wham, Murray, Hendry, Ross, Scott-Brown, James, Data collection members, Begg, Colin, Hinds, Charles, Wai Ho, Antonia Ying, Horby, Peter W., Knight, Julian, Ling, Lowell, Maslove, David, McAuley, Danny, Montgomery, Hugh, Nichol, Alistair, Openshaw, Peter J. M., Semple, Malcolm G., Shankar-Hari, Manu, Summers, Charlotte, Walsh, Timothy, Armstrong, Lisa, Bates, Hayley, Dooks, Emma, Farquhar, Fiona, Hairsine, Brigid, McParland, C., Packham, Sophie, Alldis, Zoe, Astin-Chamberlain, Raine, Bibi, Fatima, Biddle, Jack, Blow, Sarah, Bolton, Matthew, Borra, Catherine, Bowles, Ruth, Burton, Maudrian, Choudhury, Yasmin, Collier, David, Cox, Amber, Easthope, Amy, Ebano, Patrizia, Fotiadis, Stavros, Gurasashvili, Jana, Halls, Rosslyn, Hartridge, Pippa, Kallon, Delordson, Kassam, Jamila, Lancoma-Malcolm, Ivone, Matharu, Maninderpal, May, Peter, Mitchelmore, Oliver, Newman, Tabitha, Patel, Mital, Pheby, Jane, Pinzuti, Irene, Prime, Zoe, Prysyazhna, Oleksandra, Shiel, Julian, Taylor, Melanie, Tierney, Carey, Wood, Suzanne, Zak, Anne, Zongo, Olivier, Forsey, Miranda, Kaliappan, Agilan, Nicholson, Anne, Riches, Joanne, Vertue, Mark, Wasson, Christopher, Finn, Stephanie, Green, Jackie, Collins, Erin, King, Bernadette, Grauslyte, Lina, Hussain, Musarat, Phull, Mandeep, Pogreban, Tatiana, Rosaroso, Lace, Salciute, Erika, Franke, George, Wong, Joanna, George, Aparna, Akeroyd, Louise, Bano, Shereen, Bromley, Matt, Gurr, Lucy, Lawton, Tom, Morgan, James, Sellick, Kirsten, Warren, Deborah, Wilkinson, Brian, McGowan, Janet, Ledgard, Camilla, Stacey, Amelia, Pye, Kate, Bellwood, Ruth, Bentley, Michael, Hobrok, Maria, Loosley, Ronda, McGuinness, Heather, Tench, Helen, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Gibson, Sian, Lyle, Amanda, McNeela, Fiona, Radhakrishnan, Jayachandran, Hughes, Alistair, Ali, Asifa, Brady, Megan, Dale, Sam, Dance, Annalisa, Gledhill, Lisa, Greig, Jill, Hanson, Kathryn, Holdroyd, Kelly, Home, Marie, Kelly, Diane, Kitson, Ross, Matapure, Lear, Melia, Deborah, Mellor, Samantha, Nortcliffe, Tonicha, Pinnell, Jez, Robinson, Matthew, Shaw, Lisa, Shaw, Ryan, Thomis, Lesley, Wilson, Alison, Wood, Tracy, Bayo, Lee-Ann, Merwaha, Ekta, Ishaq, Tahira, Hanley, Sarah, Antcliffe, David, Banach, Dorota, Brett, Stephen, Coghlan, Phoebe, Fernandez, Ziortza, Gordon, Anthony, Rojo, Roceld, Arias, Sonia Sousa, Templeton, Maie, Jha, Rajeev, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Lim, Lai, Bi, Rehana, Scholefield, Barney, Ashton, Lydia, Williams, Alison, Cheyne, Claire, Saunderson, Anne, Allan, Angela, Anderson, Felicity, Kaye, Callum, Liew, Jade, Medhora, Jasmine, Scott, Teresa, Trumper, Erin, Botello, Adriana, Polgarova, Petra, Stroud, Katerina, Meaney, Eoghan, Jones, Megan, Ng, Anthony, Agrawal, Shruti, Pathan, Nazima, White, Deborah, Daubney, Esther, Elston, Kay, Parker, Robert, Reddy, Amie, Turner-Bone, Ian, Wilding, Laura, Harding, Peter, Jacob, Reni, Jones, Cathy, Denmade, Craig, Croft, Maria, White, Ian, Lim, Li, Griffin, Denise, Muchenje, Nycola, Mupudzi, Mcdonald, Partridge, Richard, Conyngham, Jo-Anna, Thomas, Rachel, Wright, Mary, Corral, Maria Alvarez, Bastion, Victoria, Clarke, Daphene, David, Beena, Kent, Harriet, Lorusso, Rachel, Lubimbi, Gamu, Murdoch, Sophie, Penacerrada, Melchizedek, Thomas, Alastair, Valentine, Jennifer, Vochin, Ana, Wulandari, Retno, Djeugam, Brice, Dawson, Joy, Garrioch, Sweyn, Tolson, Melanie, Aldridge, Jonathan, de Almeida Martins, Laura Gomes, Carungcong, Jaime, Beavis, Sarah, Dale, Katie, Gascoyne, Rachel, Hawes, Joanne, Pritchard, Kelly, Stevenson, Lesley, Whileman, Amanda, Cowley, Anne, Highgate, Judith, Crawley, Rikki, Crew, Abigail, Cunningham, Mishell, Daniels, Allison, Harrison, Laura, Hope, Susan, Inweregbu, Ken, Jones, Sian, Lancaster, Nicola, Matthews, Jamie, Nicholson, Alice, Wray, Gemma, Benham, Leonie, Bradshaw, Zena, Brown, Joanna, Caswell, Melanie, Cupitt, Jason, Melling, Sarah, Preston, Stephen, Slawson, Nicola, Stoddard, Emma, Warden, Scott, Combes, Edward, Joefield, Teishel, Monnery, Sonja, Beech, Valerie, Trotman, Sallyanne, Hopkins, Bridget, Scriven, James, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Willis, Heather, Anderson, Susan, Birch, Janine, Collins, Emma, Hammerton, Kate, O’Leary, Ryan, Abernathy, Caroline, Foster, Louise, Gratrix, Andrew, Martinson, Vicky, Parkinson, Priyai, Stones, Elizabeth, Carbral-Ortega, Llucia, Kapoor, Ritoo, Loader, David, Castle, Karen, Brandwood, Craig, Smith, Lara, Clark, Richard, Birchall, Katie, Kolakaluri, Laurel, Baines, Deborah, Sukumaran, Anila, Mapfunde, Isheunesu, Meredith, Megan, Morris, Lucy, Ryan, Lucy, Clark, Amy, Sampson, Julia, Peters, Cecilia, Dent, Martin, Langley, Margaret, Ashraf, Saima, Wei, Shuying, Andrew, Angela, Chablani, Manish, Kirkby, Amy, Netherton, Kimberley, Bates, Michelle, Dasgin, Jo, Gill, Jaspret, Nilsson, Annette, Scriven, James, Apetri, Elena, Basikolo, Cathrine, Blackledge, Bethan, Catlow, Laura, Charles, Bethan, Dark, Paul, Doonan, Reece, Harris, Jade, Harvey, Alice, Horner, Daniel, Knowles, Karen, Lee, Stephanie, Lomas, Diane, Lyons, Chloe, Marsden, Tracy, McLaughlan, Danielle, McMorrow, Liam, Pendlebury, Jessica, Perez, Jane, Poulaka, Maria, Proudfoot, Nicola, Slaughter, Melanie, Slevin, Kathryn, Taylor, Melanie, Thomas, Vicky, Walker, Danielle, Michael, Angiy, Collis, Matthew, Clark, Martyn, Coulding, Martina, Jude, Edward, McCormick, Jacqueline, Mercer, Oliver, Potla, Darsh, Rehman, Hafiz, Savill, Heather, Turner, Victoria, Davey, Miriam, Golden, David, Seaman, Rebecca, Hunt, Jodie, Dearden, Joy, Dobson, Emma, Mulcahy, Michelle, Munt, Sheila, O’Connor, Grainne, Philbin, Jennifer, Rishton, Chloe, Tully, Redmond, Winnard, Sarah, Cagova, Lenka, Fofano, Adama, Garner, Lucie, Holcombe, Helen, Mepham, Sue, Mitchell, Alice Michael, Mwaura, Lucy, Praman, K., Vuylsteke, Alain, Zamikula, Julie, Bercades, Georgia, Brealey, David, Hass, Ingrid, MacCallum, Niall, Martir, Gladys, Raith, Eamon, Reyes, Anna, Smyth, Deborah, Taylor, Abigail, Hughes, Rachel Anne, Thomas, Helen, Rees, Alun, Duskova, Michaela, Phipps, Janet, Brooks, Suzanne, Edwards, Michelle, Alexander, Peter, Allen, Schvearn, Bradley-Potts, Joanne, Brantwood, Craig, Egan, Jasmine, Felton, Timothy, Padden, Grace, Ward, Luke, Moss, Stuart, Glasgow, Susannah, Beesley, Kate, Board, Sarah, Kubisz-Pudelko, Agnieszka, Lewis, Alison, Perry, Jess, Pippard, Lucy, Wood, Di, Buckley, Clare, Brown, Alison, Gregory, Jane, O’Connell, Susan, Smith, Tim, Belagodu, Zakaula, Fuller, Bridget, Gherman, Anca, Olufuwa, Olumide, Paramsothy, Remi, Stuart, Carmel, Oakley, Naomi, Kamundi, Charlotte, Tyl, David, Collins, Katy, Silva, Pedro, Taylor, June, King, Laura, Coates, Charlotte, Crowley, Maria, Wakefield, Phillipa, Beadle, Jane, Johnson, Laura, Sargeant, Janet, Anderson, Madeleine, Jardine, Catherine, Williams, Dewi, Parris, Victoria, Quaid, Sheena, Watson, Ekaterina, Melville, Julie, Naisbitt, Jay, Joseph, Rosane, Lazo, Maria, Walton, Olivia, Neal, Alan, Hill, Michaela, Kannan, Thogulava, Wild, Laura, Allan, Elizabeth, Darlington, Kate, Davies, Ffyon, Easton, Jack, Kumar, Sumit, Lean, Richard, Menzies, Daniel, Pugh, Richard, Qiu, Xinyi, Davies, Llinos, Williams, Hannah, Scanlon, Jeremy, Davies, Gwyneth, Mackay, Callum, Lewis, Joannne, Rees, Stephanie, Coetzee, Samantha, Gales, Alistair, Otahal, Igor, Raj, Meena, Sell, Craig, Langton, Helen, Prout, Rachel, Watters, Malcolm, Novis, Catherine, Arbane, Gill, Bociek, Aneta, Campos, Sara, Grau, Neus, Jones, Tim Owen, Lim, Rosario, Marotti, Martina, Ostermann, Marlies, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Whitton, Christopher, Barron, Anthony, Collins, Ciara, Kaul, Sundeep, Passmore, Heather, Prendergast, Claire, Reed, Anna, Rogers, Paula, Shokkar, Rajvinder, Woodruff, Meriel, Middleton, Hayley, Polgar, Oliver, Nolan, Claire, Thwaites, Vicky, Mahay, Kanta, Sri-Chandana, Chunda, Scherewode, Joslan, Stephenson, Lorraine, Marsh, Sarah, Bancroft, Hollie, Bellamy, Mary, Carmody, Margaret, Daglish, Jacqueline, Moore, Faye, Rhodes, Joanne, Sangombe, Mirriam, Kadiri, Salma, Scriven, James, Ayers, Amanda, Harrison, Wendy, North, Julie, Cavazza, Anna, Cockrell, Maeve, Corcoran, Eleanor, Depante, Maria, Finney, Clare, Jerome, Ellen, McPhail, Mark, Nayak, Monalisa, Noble, Harriet, O’Reilly, Kevin, Pappa, Evita, Saha, Rohit, Saha, Sian, Smith, John, Knighton, Abigail, Gill, Mandy, Paul, Paul, Ratnam, Valli, Shelton, Sarah, Wynter, Inez, Baptista, David, Crowe, Rebecca, Fernandes, Rita, Herdman-Grant, Rosaleen, Joseph, Anna, Loveridge, Adam, McKenley, India, Morino, Eriko, Naranjo, Andres, Simms, Richard, Sollesta, Kathryn, Swain, Andrew, Venkatesh, Harish, Khera, Jacyntha, Fox, Jonathan, Barber, Russell, Hewitt, Claire, Hilldrith, Annette, Jackson-Lawrence, Karen, Shepardson, Sarah, Wills, Maryanne, Butler, Susan, Tavares, Silvia, Cunningham, Amy, Hindale, Julia, Arif, Sarwat, George, Linsha, Twiss, Sophie, Wright, David, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Lyons, Marc, Wassall, Helen, Marsh, Chris, Mahenthran, Mervin, Carter, Emma, Kong, Thomas, Adanini, Oluronke, Bhatia, Nikhil, Msiska, Maines, Mew, Louise, Mwaura, Esther, Stewart, Richard, Williams, Felicity, Wren, Lynn, Sutherland, Sara-Beth, Battle, Ceri, Brinkworth, Elaine, Harford, Rachel, Murphy, Carl, Newey, Luke, Rees, Tabitha, Williams, Marie, Arnold, Sophie, Brealey, David, Hardy, John, Houlden, Henry, Moncur, Eleanor, Raith, Eamon, Tariq, Ambreen, Tucci, Arianna, Convery, Karen, Fottrell-Gould, Deirdre, Hudig, Lisa, Keshet-Price, Jocelyn, Randell, Georgina, Stammers, Katie, Abdelrazik, Marwa, Bakthavatsalam, Dhanalakshmi, Elhassan, Munzir, Ganesan, Arunkumar, Haldeos, Anne, Moreno-Cuesta, Jeronimo, Purohit, Dharam, Vincent, Rachel, Xavier, Kugan, Rohit, Kumar, Alasdair, Frater, Saleem, Malik, David, Carter, Jenkins, Samuel, Lamond, Zoe, Wall, Alanna, Yates, Bryan, Reynolds, Jessica, Campbell, Helen, Thompsom, Maria, Dodds, Steve, Duffy, Stacey, Butcher, Deborah, O’Sullivan, Susie, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, Deacon, Bethan, Hibbert, Meg, Pothecary, Carla, Tetla, Dariusz, Woodford, Christopher, Durga, Latha, Kennard-Holden, Gareth, de Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Peasgood, Emily, Phillips, Claire, Skinner, Denise, Gaylard, Jane, Mullan, Dee, Newman, Julie, Davies, Ellie, Roche, Lisa, Sathe, Sonia, Brimfield, Lutece, Daly, Zoe, Pogson, David, Rose, Steve, Collins, Amy, Khaliq, Waqas, Gude, Estefania Treus, Allen, Louise, Beranova, Eva, Crisp, Nikki, Deery, Joanne, Hazelton, Tracy, Knight, Alicia, Price, Carly, Tilbey, Sorrell, Turki, Salah, Turney, Sharon, Giles, Julian, Booth, Simon, Bell, Gillian, English, Katy, Katary, Amro, Wilcox, Louise, Campbell, Rachael, Clarke, Noreen, Whiteside, Jonathan, Mascarenhas, Mairi, Donaldson, Avril, Matheson, Joanna, Barrett, Fiona, O’Hara, Marianne, O’Keefe, Laura, Bradley, Clare, Collier, Dawn, Hormis, Anil, Walker, Rachel, Maynard, Victoria, Patel, Tahera, Smith, Matthew, Chukkambotla, Srikanth, Kazi, Aayesha, Hartley, Janice, Dykes, Joseph, Hijazi, Muhammad, Keith, Sarah, Khan, Meherunnisa, Ryan-Smith, Janet, Springle, Philippa, Thomas, Jacqueline, Truman, Nick, Saad, Samuel, Coleman, Dabheoc, Fine, Christopher, Matt, Roseanna, Gay, Bethan, Dalziel, Jack, Ali, Syamlan, Goodchild, Drew, Harling, Rhiannan, Bhatterjee, Ravi, Goddard, Wendy, Davison, Chloe, Duberly, Stephen, Hargreaves, Jeanette, Bolton, Rachel, Laha, Shondipon, Verlander, Mark, Williams, Alexandra, Blackman, Helen, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Donlon, Sinead, Michalak-Glinska, Natalia, Mtuwa, Sheila, Pristopan, Veronika, Salberg, Armorel, Smith, Eleanor, Stone, Sarah, Piercy, Charles, Verula, Jerik, Burda, Dorota, Montaser, Rugia, Harden, Lesley, Mayangao, Irving, Marriott, Cheryl, Bradley, Paul, Harris, Celia, Cooper, Joshua, Finch, Cheryl, Liderth, Sarah, Quinn, Alison, Waddington, Natalia, Fidler, Katy, Tagliavini, Emma, Donnelly, Kevin, Abel, Lynn, Brett, Michael, Digby, Brian, Gemmell, Lisa, Hornsby, James, MacGoey, Patrick, O’Neil, Pauline, Price, Richard, Rodden, Natalie, Rooney, Kevin, Sundaram, Radha, Thomson, Nicola, Flanagan, Rebecca, Hughes, Gareth, Latham, Scott, McKenna, Emma, Anderson, Jennifer, Hull, Robert, Rhead, Kat, Branney, Debbie, Frankham, Jordan, Pitts, Sally, White, Nigel, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, Natalie, Farzad, Zohreh, Gummadi, Mahitha, Liyanage, Kamal, Patel, Brijesh V., Salmi, Sara, Sloane, Geraldine, Thwaites, Vicky, Varghese, Mathew, Zborowski, Anelise C., Bean, Sarah, Burt, Karen, Spivey, Michael, Eastgate-Jackson, Christine, Filipe, Helder, Martin, Daniel, Maharajh, Amitaa, Garcia, Sara Mingo, De Neef, Mark, Deacon, Bethan, Lynch, Ceri, Pothecary, Carla, Roche, Lisa, Howe, Gwenllian Sera, Singh, Jayaprakash, Turner, Keri, Ellis, Hannah, Stroud, Natalie, Cherian, Shiney, Cutler, Sean, Heron, Anne Emma, Roynon-Reed, Anna, Szakmany, Tamas, Williams, Gemma, Richards, Owen, Cheema, Yusuf, Ahmad, Norfaizan, Barker, Joann, Bauchmuller, Kris, Bird, Sarah, Cawthron, Kay, Harrington, Kate, Jackson, Yvonne, Kibutu, Faith, Lenagh, Becky, Masuko, Shamiso, Mills, Gary H., Raithatha, Ajay, Wiles, Matthew, Willson, Jayne, Newell, Helen, Lye, Alison, Nwafor, Lorenza, Jarman, Claire, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Foote, David, Cole, Joby, Thompson, Roger, Watson, James, Hesseldon, Lisa, Macharia, Irene, Chetam, Luke, Smith, Jacqui, Ford, Amber, Anderson, Samantha, Birchall, Kathryn, Housley, Kay, Walker, Sara, Milner, Leanne, Hanratty, Helena, Trower, Helen, Phillips, Patrick, Oxspring, Simon, Donne, Ben, Bevan, Emily, Martin, Jane, Trodd, Dawn, Watson, Geoff, Brown, Caroline Wrey, Bunni, Lara, Jennings, Claire, Latif, Monica, Marshall, Rebecca, Subramanian, Gayathri, Bandla, Nageswar, Gellamucho, Minnie, Davies, Michelle, Thompson, Christopher, Trim, Fiona, Eapen, Beena, Ahmed, Cecilia, Baines, Balvinder, Clamp, Sarah, Colley, Julie, Haq, Risna, Hayes, Anne, Hulme, Jonathan, Hussain, Samia, Joseph, Sibet, Kumar, Rita, Maqsood, Zahira, Purewal, Manjit, Chandler, Ben, Elliott, Kerry, Mallinson, Janine, Turnbull, Alison, Dent, Kathy, Horsley, Elizabeth, Akhtar, Muhmmad Nauman, Pearson, Sandra, Potoczna, Dorota, Spencer, Sue, Blakemore, Hayley, Borislavova, Borislava, Faulkner, Beverley, Gendall, Emma, Goff, Elizabeth, Hayes, Kati, Thomas, Matt, Worner, Ruth, Smith, Kerry, Stephens, Deanna, Delgado, Carlos Castro, Dawson, Deborah, Ding, Lijun, Durrant, Georgia, Ezeobu, Obiageri, Farnell-Ward, Sarah, Harrison, Abiola, Kanu, Rebecca, Leaver, Susannah, Maccacari, Elena, Manna, Soumendu, Saluzzio, Romina Pepermans, Queiroz, Joana, Samakomva, Tinashe, Sicat, Christine, Texeira, Joana, Da Gloria, Edna Fernandes, Lisboa, Ana, Rawlins, John, Mathew, Jisha, Kinch, Ashley, Hurt, William James, Shah, Nirav, Clark, Victoria, Thanasi, Maria, Yun, Nikki, Patel, Kamal, Crickmore, Vikki, Debreceni, Gabor, Wilkins, Joy, Nicol, Liz, Burn, Iona, Hambrook, Geraldine, Manso, Katarina, Penn, Ruth, Shanmugasundaram, Pradeep, Tebbutt, Julie, Thornton, Danielle, Rostron, Anthony, Roy, Alistair, Woods, Lindsey, Cornell, Sarah, Wakinshaw, Fiona, Rogerson, Kimberley, Jarmain, Jordan, Anderson, Peter, Archer, Katie, Austin, Karen, Davis, Caroline, Durie, Alison, Kelsall, Olivia, Thrush, Jessica, Vigurs, Charlie, Wild, Laura, Wood, Hannah-Louise, Tranter, Helen, Harrison, Alison, Cowley, Nicholas, McAlindon, Michael, Burtenshaw, Andrew, Digby, Stephen, Low, Emma, Morgan, Aled, Cother, Naiara, Rankin, Tobias, Clayton, Sarah, McCurdy, Alex, Allibone, Suzanne, Mary-Genetu, Roman, Kasipandian, Vidya, Patel, Amit, Mac, Ainhi, Murphy, Anthony, Mahjoob, Parisa, Nazari, Roonak, Worsley, Lucy, Fagan, Andrew, Mohamed Ali, Inthakab Ali, Beaumont, Karen, Blunt, Mark, Coton, Zoe, Curgenven, Hollie, Elsaadany, Mohamed, Fernandes, Kay, Ally, Sameena Mohamed, Rangarajan, Harini, Sarathy, Varun, Selvanayagam, Sivarupan, Vedage, Dave, White, Matthew, Fernandez-Roman, Jaime, Hamilton, David O., Johnson, Emily, Johnston, Brian, Martinez, Maria Lopez, Mulla, Suleman, Shaw, David, Waite, Alicia A. C., Waugh, Victoria, Welters, Ingeborg D., Williams, Karen, Bemand, Thomas, Black, Ethel, Rosa, Arnold Dela, Howle, Ryan, Jhanji, Shaman, Baikady, Ravishankar Rao, Tatham, Kate Colette, Thomas, Benjamin, Halkes, Matthew, Mercer, Pauline, Thornton, Lorraine, West, Joe, Baird, Tracy, Ruddy, Jim, Reece-Anthony, Rosie, Birt, Mark, Cowton, Amanda, Kay, Andrea, Kent, Melanie, Potts, Kathryn, Wilkinson, Ami, Naylor, Suzanne, Brown, Ellen, Clark, Michele, Purvis, Sarah, Cole, Jade, Davies, Michelle, Davies, Rhys, Duffin, Donna, Hill, Helen, Player, Ben, Thomas, Emma, Williams, Angharad, Beith, Claire Marie, Black, Karen, Clements, Suzanne, Morrison, Alan, Strachan, Dominic, Taylor, Margaret, Clarkson, Michelle, D’Sylva, Stuart, Norman, Kathryn, Coventry, Tina, Fowler, Susan, MacMahon, Michael, McGregor, Amanda, Brady, Ailbhe, Chan, Rebekah, Little, Jeff, McIvor, Shane, Prady, Helena, Whittle, Helen, Mathew, Bijoy, Clapham, Melanie, Harper, Rosemary, Poultney, Una, Rice, Polly, Smith, Tim, Mutch, Rachel, Baird, Yolanda, Butler, Aaron, Chadbourn, Indra, Folkes, Linda, Fox, Heather, Gardner, Amy, Gomez, Raquel, Hobden, Gillian, Hodgson, Luke, King, Kirsten, Margarson, Michael, Martindale, Tim, Meadows, Emma, Raynard, Dana, Thirlwall, Yvette, Helm, David, Margalef, Jordi, Greer, Sandra, Shuker, Karen, Tridente, Ascanio, Smuts, Sara, Duffield, Joseph, Smith, Oliver, Mallon, Lewis, Claire, Watkins, Birkinshaw, Isobel, Carter, Joseph, Howard, Kate, Ingham, Joanne, Joy, Rosie, Pearson, Harriet, Roche, Samantha, Scott, Zoe, Knights, Ellen, Price, Alicia, Thomas, Alice, Thorpe, Chris, Abraheem, Azmerelda, Bamford, Peter, Cawley, Kathryn, Dunmore, Charlie, Faulkner, Maria, Girach, Rumanah, Jeffrey, Helen, Jones, Rhianna, London, Emily, Nagra, Imrun, Nasir, Farah, Sainsbury, Hannah, Smedley, Clare, Khade, Reena, Sundar, Ashok, Tsinaslanidis, George, Behan, Teresa, Burnett, Caroline, Hatton, Jonathan, Heeney, Elaine, Mitra, Atideb, Newton, Maria, Pollard, Rachel, Stead, Rachael, Birch, Jenny, Bough, Laura, Goodsell, Josie, Tutton, Rebecca, Williams, Patricia, Williams, Sarah, Winter-Goodwin, Barbara, Auld, Fiona, Donnachie, Joanne, Edmond, Ian, Prentice, Lynn, Runciman, Nikole, Salutous, Dario, Symon, Lesley, Todd, Anne, Turner, Patricia, Short, Abigail, Sweeney, Laura, Murdoch, Euan, Senaratne, Dhaneesha, Burns, Karen, Higham, Andrew, Anderson, Taya, Hawcutt, Dan, O’Malley, Laura, Rad, Laura, Rogers, Naomi, Saunderson, Paula, Allison, Kathryn Sian, Afolabi, Deborah, Whitbread, Jennifer, Jones, Dawn, Dore, Rachael, Lankester, Liana, Nikitas, Nikitas, Wells, Colin, Stowe, Bethan, Spencer, Kayleigh, Cathcart, Susanne, Duffy, Katharine, Puxty, Alex, Puxty, Kathryn, Turner, Lynne, Ireland, Jane, Semple, Gary, Barry, Peter, Hilltout, Paula, Evitts, Jayne, Tyler, Amanda, Waldron, Joanne, Irvine, Val, Shelley, Benjamin, Akinkugbe, Olugbenga, Bamford, Alasdair, Beech, Emily, Belfield, Holly, Bell, Michael, Davies, Charlene, Jones, Gareth A. L., McHugh, Tara, Meghari, Hamza, O’Neill, Lauran, Peters, Mark J., Ray, Samiran, Tomas, Ana Luisa, Easthope, Amy, Gorman, Claire, Gupta, Abhinav, Timlick, Elizabeth, Brady, Rebecca, Bonner, Stephen, Hugill, Keith, Jones, Jessica, Liggett, Steven, Bashyal, Archana, Davidson, Neil, Hutton, Paula, McKechnie, Stuart, Wilson, Jean, Flint, Neil, Rekha, Patel, Hales, Dawn, Cruz, Carina, Pattison, Natalie, Gopal, Shameer, Harris, Nichola, Lake, Victoria, Metherell, Stella, Radford, Elizabeth, Clement, Ian, Patel, Bijal, Gulati, A., Hays, Carole, Webster, K., Hudson, Anne, Webster, Andrea, Stephenson, Elaine, McCormack, Louise, Slater, Victoria, Nixon, Rachel, Hanson, Helen, Fearby, Maggie, Kelly, Sinead, Bridgett, Victoria, Robinson, Philip, Almaden-Boyle, Christine, Austin, Pauline, Cabrelli, Louise, Cole, Stephen, Casey, Matt, Chapman, Susan, Whyte, Clare, Brayne, Adam, Fisher, Emma, Hunt, Jane, Jackson, Peter, Kaye, Duncan, Love, Nicholas, Parkin, Juliet, Tuckey, Victoria, van Koutrik, Lynne, Carter, Sasha, Andrew, Benedict, Findlay, Louise, Adams, Katie, Bruce, Michelle, Connolly, Karen, Duncan, Tracy, T.-Michael, Helen, Lindergard, Gabriella, Hey, Samuel, Fox, Claire, Alfonso, Jordan, Durrans, Laura Jayne, Guerin, Jacinta, Blackledge, Bethan, Harris, Jade, Hruska, Martin, Eltayeb, Ayaa, Lamb, Thomas, Hodgkiss, Tracey, Cooper, Lisa, Rothwell, Joanne, Dennis, Catherine, McGregor, Alastair, Parris, Victoria, Srikaran, Sinduya, Sukha, Anisha, Davies, Kim, O’Brien, Linda, Omar, Zohra, Otahal, Igor, Perkins, Emma, Lewis, Tracy, Sutherland, Isobel, Brooke, Hollie, Buckley, Sarah, Suarez, Jose Cebrian, Charlesworth, Ruth, Hansson, Karen, Norris, John, Poole, Alice, Rose, Alastair, Sandhu, Rajdeep, Sloan, Brendan, Smithson, Elizabeth, Thirumaran, Muthu, Wagstaff, Veronica, Metcalfe, Alexandra, Camsooksai, Julie, Humphrey, Charlotte, Jenkins, Sarah, Reschreiter, Henrik, Wadams, Beverley, DeAth, Yasmin, Adams, Colene, Agasou, Anita, Arden, Tracie, Bowes, Amy, Boyle, Pauline, Beekes, Mandy, Button, Heather, Capps, Nigel, Carnahan, Mandy, Carter, Anne, Childs, Danielle, Donaldson, Denise, Hard, Kelly, Hurford, Fran, Hussain, Yasmin, Javaid, Ayesha, Jones, James, Jose, Sanal, Leigh, Michael, Martin, Terry, Millward, Helen, Motherwell, Nichola, Rikunenko, Rachel, Stickley, Jo, Summers, Julie, Ting, Louise, Tivenan, Helen, Tonks, Louise, Wilcox, Rebecca, Bokhari, Maria, Linnett, Vanessa, Lucas, Rachael, McCormick, Wendy, Ritzema, Jenny, Sanderson, Amanda, Wild, Helen, Baxter, Nicola, Henderson, Steven, Kennedy-Hay, Sophie, McParland, Christopher, Rooney, Laura, Sim, Malcolm, McCreath, Gordan, Brunton, Mark, Caterson, Jess, Coles, Holly, Frise, Matthew, Rai, Sabi Gurung, Jacques, Nicola, Keating, Liza, Tilney, Emma, Bartley, Shauna, Bhuie, Parminder, Downes, Charlotte, Holding, Kathleen, Riches, Katie, Hilton, Mary, Hayman, Mel, Subramanian, Deepak, Daniel, Priya, Zitter, Letizia, Benyon, Sarah, Marriott, Suzie, Park, Linda, Keenan, Samantha, Gordon, Elizabeth, Quinn, Helen, Baines, Kizzy, Andrew, Gillian, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Barclay, Lucy, Callaghan, Marie, Campbell, Rachael, Clark, Sarah, Hope, Dave, Marshall, Lucy, McCulloch, Corrienne, Briton, Kate, Singleton, Jo, Birch, Sophie, Higham, Andrew, Simpson, Kerry, Craig, Jayne, Demetriou, Carrie, Eckbad, Charlotte, Hierons, Sarah, Howie, Lucy, Mitchard, Sarah, Ramos, Lidia, Serrano-Ruiz, Alfredo, White, Katie, Kelly, Fiona, Amin, Vishal, Anastasescu, Elena, Anumakonda, Vikram, Karthik, Komala, Kausar, Rizwana, Reid, Karen, Smith, Jacqueline, Imeson-Wood, Janet, Bellini, Arianna, Bryant, Jade, Mayer, Anton, Pickard, Amy, Roe, Nicholas, Sowter, Jason, Howlett, Alex, Criste, Kristine, Cusack, Rebecca, Golder, Kim, Golding, Hannah, Jones, Oliver, Leggett, Samantha, Male, Michelle, Marani, Martyna, Prager, Kirsty, Williams, Toran, Roberts, Belinda, Salmon, Karen, Gondo, Prisca, Hadebe, B., Kayani, Abdul, Masunda, Bridgett, Ahmed, Ashar, Morris, Anna, Jakkula, Srinivas, Long, Kate, Whiteley, Simon, Wilby, Elizabeth, Ogg, Bethan, Moultrie, Sam, Odam, M., Bewley, Jeremy, Garland, Zoe, Grimmer, Lisa, Gumbrill, Bethany, Johnson, Rebekah, Sweet, Katie, Webster, Denise, Efford, Georgia, Bennett, Sara, Goodwin, Emma, Jackson, Matthew, Kent, Alissa, Tibke, Clare, Woodyatt, Wiesia, Zaki, Ahmed, Daniel, Amelia, Finn, Joanne, Saha, Rajnish, Staines, Nikki, Easthope, Amy, Bremmer, Pamela, Allan, J., Geary, T., Houston, Gordon, Meikle, A., O’Brien, P., Bell, Dina, Boyle, Rosalind, Douglas, Katie, Glass, Lynn, Lee, Emma, Lennon, Liz, Rattray, Austin, Charnock, Rob, McFarland, Denise, Cosgrove, Denise, Attwood, Ben, Parsons, Penny, Carmody, Siobhain, Oblak, Metod, Popescu, Monica, Thankachen, Mini, Baruah, Rosie, Morris, Sheila, Ferguson, Susie, Shepherd, Amy, Altabaibeh, Abdelhakim, Alvaro, Ana, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Ma, Louise, Mostoles, Loreta, Parmar, Chetan, Simpson, Kathryn, Jetha, Champa, Booker, Lauren, Pratley, Anezka, Cosier, Tracey, Millen, Gemma, Richardson, Neil, Schumacher, Natasha, Weston, Heather, Rand, James, Alex, Beatrice, Bach, Benjamin, Barclay, Wendy S., Bogaert, Debby, Chand, Meera, Cooke, Graham S., Docherty, Annemarie B., Dunning, Jake, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Fletcher, Tom, Green, Christoper A., Harrison, Ewen M., Hiscox, Julian A., Ijaz, Samreen, Khoo, Saye, Klenerman, Paul, Lim, Wei Shen, Mentzer, Alexander J., Merson, Laura, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Moore, Shona C., Palmarini, Massimo, Paxton, William A., Pollakis, Georgios, Price, Nicholas, Rambaut, Andrew, Robertson, David L., Russell, Clark D., Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Scott, Janet T., de Silva, Thushan, Sigfrid, Louise, Solomon, Tom, Sriskandan, Shiranee, Stuart, David, Tedder, Richard S., Thomson, Emma C., Roger Thompson, A. A., Thwaites, Ryan S., Turtle, Lance C. W., Gupta, Rishi K., Palmieri, Carlo, Swann, Olivia V., Zambon, Maria, Dumas, Marc-Emmanuel, Griffin, Julian L., Takats, Zoltan, Chechi, Kanta, Andrikopoulos, Petros, Osagie, Anthonia, Olanipekun, Michael, Liggi, Sonia, Lewis, Matthew R., Correia, Gonçalo dos Santos, Sands, Caroline J., Takis, Panteleimon, Maslen, Lynn, Greenhalf, William, Shaw, Victoria, McDonald, Sarah E., Keating, Seán, Ahmed, Katie A., Armstrong, Jane A., Ashworth, Milton, Asiimwe, Innocent G., Bakshi, Siddharth, Barlow, Samantha L., Booth, Laura, Brennan, Benjamin, Bullock, Katie, Catterall, Benjamin W. A., Clark, Jordan J., Clarke, Emily A., Cooper, Louise, Cox, Helen, Davis, Christopher, Dincarslan, Oslem, Dunn, Chris, Dyer, Philip, Elliott, Angela, Evans, Anthony, Finch, Lorna, Fisher, Lewis W. 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Eunice, Flaherty, Lisa, Maziere, Nicole, Cass, Emily, Carracedo, Alejandra Doce, Carlucci, Nicola, Holmes, Anthony, Massey, Hannah, Murphy, Lee, Wrobel, Nicola, McCafferty, Sarah, Morrice, Kirstie, MacLean, Alan, Admin team members, Armstrong, Ruth, Boz, Ceilia, Brown, Adam, Clark, Richard, Coutts, Audrey, Cullum, Louise, Day, Nicky, Donnelly, Lorna, Duncan, Esther, Fawkes, Angie, Finernan, Paul, Gilchrist, Tammy, Golightly, Ailsa, Hafezi, Katarzyna, Law, Dawn, Law, Rachel, Law, Sarah, Macgillivray, Louise, Maclean, Alan, Mal, Hanning, McCafferty, Sarah, Mcmaster, Ellie, Meikle, Jen, Moore, Shona C., Morrice, Kirstie, Murphy, Lee, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Paterson, Trevor, Stenhouse, Andrew, Swets, Maaike, Szoor-McElhinney, Helen, Taneski, Filip, Wackett, Tony, Ward, Mairi, Weaver, Jane, Wrobel, Nicola, Coyle, Judy, Gallagher, Bernadette, Lidstone-Scott, Rebecca, Hamilton, Debbie, Schon, Katherine, Furlong, Anita, Biggs, Heather, Griffiths, Fiona, Andrews, Eleanor, Brickell, Kathy, Smyth, Michelle, Murphy, Lorna, Carson, Gail, Hardwick, Hayley, Donohue, Chloe, COVID-19 HGI corresponding authors·2021·Nature
Abstract
The genetic make-up of an individual contributes to the susceptibility and response to viral infection. Although environmental, clinical and social factors have a role in the chance of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of COVID-19 1,2 , host genetics may also be important. Identifying host-specific genetic factors may reveal biological mechanisms of therapeutic relevance and clarify causal relationships of modifiable environmental risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and outcomes. We formed a global network of researchers to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity. Here we describe the results of three genome-wide association meta-analyses that consist of up to 49,562 patients with COVID-19 from 46 studies across 19 countries. We report 13 genome-wide significant loci that are associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection or severe manifestations of COVID-19. Several of these loci correspond to previously documented associations to lung or autoimmune and inflammatory diseases 3–7 . They also represent potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection. Mendelian randomization analyses support a causal role for smoking and body-mass index for severe COVID-19 although not for type II diabetes. The identification of novel host genetic factors associated with COVID-19 was made possible by the community of human genetics researchers coming together to prioritize the sharing of data, results, resources and analytical frameworks. This working model of international collaboration underscores what is possible for future genetic discoveries in emerging pandemics, or indeed for any complex human disease.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Initiative, C.-1. H. G., InitiativeLeadership, C.-1. H. G., Niemi, M. E. K., Karjalainen, J., Liao, R. G., Neale, B. M., Daly, M., Ganna, A., Writing group, Writing group leaders, Pathak, G. A., Andrews, S. J., Kanai, M., Writing group members, Veerapen, K., Fernandez-Cadenas, I., Schulte, E. C., Striano, P., Marttila, M., Minica, C., Marouli, E., Karim, M. A., Wendt, F. R., Savage, J., Sloofman, L., Butler-Laporte, G., Kim, H.-N., Kanoni, S., Okada, Y., Byun, J., Han, Y., Uddin, M. J., Smith, G. D., Willer, C. J., Buxbaum, J. D., Analysis group, Manuscript analyses team leader, Manuscript analyses team member: meta-analysis, Mehtonen, J., Manuscript analyses team member: heritability, M. A. S., Manuscript analyses team member: PHEWAS, Manuscript analyses team member: Mendelian randomization, Manuscript analyses team member: PC projection and gene prioritization, Manuscript analyses team member: gene prioritization, Finucane, H., Manuscript analyses team member: sensitivity analysis, Cordioli, M., Manuscript analyses team members: PC projection, Martin, A. R., Zhou, W., In silico analysis team members, Pasaniuc, B., Julienne, H., Aschard, H., Shi, H., Yengo, L., Polimanti, R., Ghoussaini, M., Schwartzentruber, J., Dunham, I., Project management group, Project management leader, Project management support, Chwialkowska, K., Francescatto, M., Trankiem, A., Balaconis, M. K., Phenotype steering group, Davis, L., Lee, S., Priest, J., Renieri, A., Sankaran, V. G., van Heel, D., Deelen, P., Richards, J. B., Nakanishi, T., Biesecker, L., Kerchberger, V. E., Baillie, J. K., dictionary, D., Mari, F., Bernasconi, A., Baillie, S. C., Canakoglu, A., Scientific communication group, leaders, S. C., Wolford, B., members, S. C., Faucon, A., Dutta, A. K., Schurmann, C., Harry, E., Birney, E., Nguyen, H., Nasir, J., Kaunisto, M., Solomonson, M., Dueker, N., Vadgama, N., Limou, S., Translators, Rahmouni, S., Mbarek, H., Darwish, D., Uddin, M. M., Albertos, R., Pérez-Tur, J., Li, R., Folkersen, L., Moltke, I., Koelling, N., Teumer, A., Kousathanas, A., Utrilla, A., Verdugo, R. A., Zárate, R., Medina-Gómez, C., Gómez-Cabrero, D., Carnero-Montoro, E., Cadilla, C. L., Moreno-Estrada, A., Garmendia, A., Moya, L., Sedaghati-Khayat, B., Boua, P. R., Favé, M.-J., Francioli, L., Lemaçon, A., Migeotte, I., Patel, S., Varnai, R., Szentpeteri, J. L., Sipeky, C., Colombo, F., von Hohenstaufen, K., Lio, P., Vallerga, C., Wang, Q., Tanigawa, Y., Im, H., Han, C., Song, H., Lim, J., Lee, Y., Kim, S., Im, S., Atanasovska, B., Ahmad, H. F., Boer, C., Jansen, P., Franke, L., Kaja, E., Pasko, D., Kennis-Szilagyi, I., Kornilov, S. A., Prijatelj, V., Prokić, I., Sivanadhan, I., Perumal, S., Esmaeeli, S., Pearson, N. M., Development, W., leaders, W. D., 23andMe, Analysis team leader, Auton, A., leaders, D. C., 23andMe COVID-19 Team*, Shelton, J. F., Shastri, A. J., Analysis team members, Filshtein-Sonmez, T., Coker, D., Symons, A., Esparza-Gordillo, J., Aslibekyan, S., O’Connell, J., members, D. C., Ye, C., Weldon, C. H., 23andMe COVID-19 Team, ACCOuNT, Analysis team leader, Perera, M., leaders, D. C., O’Leary, K., Tuck, M., O’Brien, T., Meltzer, D., O’Donnell, P., Nutescu, E., Analysis team members, Yang, G., members, D. C., Alarcon, C., Herrmann, S., Mazurek, S., Banagan, J., Hamidi, Z., Barbour, A., Raffat, N., Moreno, D., Admin team member, Friedman, P., Amsterdam UMC COVID Study Group, Analysis team leader, Ferwerda, B., leaders, D. C., van de Beek, D., Brouwer, M. C., Vlaar, A. P. J., Wiersinga, W. J., Analysis team members, Posthuma, D., Tissink, E., Koos Zwinderman, A. H., Uffelmann, E., members, D. C., van Agtmael, M., Algera, A. G., van Baarle, F., Bax, D., Beudel, M., Jan Bogaard, H., Bomers, M., Bonta, P. I., Bos, L., Botta, M., de Brabander, J., de Bree, G., de Bruin, S., Bugiani, M., Bulle, E., Chouchane, O., Cloherty, A., Dongelmans, D., Elbers, P., Fleuren, L., Geerlings, S., Geerts, B., Geijtenbeek, T., Girbes, A., Goorhuis, B., Grobusch, M. P., Hafkamp, F., Hagens, L., Hamann, J., Harris, V., Hemke, R., Hermans, S. M., Heunks, L., Hollmann, M., Horn, J., Hovius, J. W., de Jong, M. D., Koning, R., van Mourik, N., Nellen, J., Nossent, E. J., Paulus, F., Peters, E., van der Poll, T., Preckel, B., Prins, J. M., Raasveld, J., Reijnders, T., Schinkel, M., Schultz, M. J., Schuurman, A., Sigaloff, K., Smit, M., Stijnis, C. S., Stilma, W., Teunissen, C., Thoral, P., Tsonas, A., van der Valk, M., Veelo, D., de Vries, H., van Vugt, M., Wouters, D., Minnaar, R. P., Kromhout, A., van Uffelen, K. W. J., Wolterman, R. A., Study, A. C.-1. R., Analysis team leader, Roberts, G., leader, D. C., Park, D., Admin team leader, Ball, C. A., Analysis team members, Coignet, M., McCurdy, S., Knight, S., Partha, R., Rhead, B., members, D. C., Zhang, M., Berkowitz, N., Gaddis, M., Noto, K., Ruiz, L., Pavlovic, M., Admin team members, Hong, E. L., Rand, K., Girshick, A., Guturu, H., Baltzell, A. H., BelCovid, Analysis team leader, leaders, D. C., Rahmouni, S., Guntz, J., Admin team leader, Beguin, Y., Analysis team members, Pigazzini, S., Nkambule, L., members, D. C., Bouysran, Y., Busson, A., Peyrassol, X., Wilkin, F., Pichon, B., Smits, G., Vandernoot, I., Goffard, J.-C., Georges, M., Moutschen, M., Misset, B., Darcis, G., Guiot, J., Jadot, L., Azarzar, S., Dellot, P., Gofflot, S., Claassen, S., Bertrand, A., Parzibut, G., Clarinval, M., Moermans, C., Malaise, O., El Kandoussi, K., Thonon, R., Huynen, P., Mesdagh, A., Melo, S., Jacques, N., Di Valentin, E., Giroule, F., Collignon, A., Radermecker, C., Lebrun, M., Perée, H., Latour, S., Barada, O., Sanchez, J., Josse, C., Boujemla, B., Meunier, M., Mariavelle, E., Anania, S., Gazon, H., Juszczak, D., Fadeur, M., Camby, S., Meuris, C., Thys, M., Jacques, J., Henket, M., Léonard, P., Frippiat, F., Giot, J.-B., Sauvage, A.-S., Von Frenckell, C., Mni, M., Wéry, M., Staderoli, A., Belhaj, Y., Lambermont, B., COVID-19, B. Q., Analysis team leader, leader, D. C., Morrison, D. R., Admin team leaders, Mooser, V., Analysis team members, Forgetta, V., Li, R., members, D. C., Ghosh, B., Laurent, L., Belisle, A., Henry, D., Abdullah, T., Adeleye, O., Mamlouk, N., Kimchi, N., Afrasiabi, Z., Rezk, N., Vulesevic, B., Bouab, M., Guzman, C., Petitjean, L., Tselios, C., Xue, X., Afilalo, J., Afilalo, M., Oliveira, M., Brenner, B., Brassard, N., Durand, M., Admin team members, Schurr, E., Lepage, P., Ragoussis, J., Auld, D., Chassé, M., Kaufmann, D. E., Lathrop, G. M., Adra, D., BioVU, Analysis team leaders, Davis, L. K., Cox, N. J., Below, J. E., Analysis team members, Sealock, J. M., Faucon, A. B., Shuey, M. M., Polikowsky, H. G., Petty, L. E., Shaw, D. M., Chen, H.-H., Zhu, W., Genetics, B. S. O. C.-1., leader, D. C., Ludwig, K. U., Analysis team members, Schröder, J., Maj, C., members, D. C., Rolker, S., Nöthen, M. M., Fazaal, J., Keitel, V., Jensen, B.-E. O., Feldt, T., Kurth, I., Marx, N., Dreher, M., Pink, I., Cornberg, M., Illig, T., Lehmann, C., Schommers, P., Augustin, M., Rybniker, J., Knopp, L., Eggermann, T., Volland, S., Altmüller, J., Berger, M. M., Brenner, T., Hinney, A., Witzke, O., Bals, R., Herr, C., Ludwig, N., Walter, J., CHRIS, Analysis team leader, Fuchsberger, C., leaders, D. C., Pattaro, C., De Grandi, A., Admin team leader, Pramstaller, P., Analysis team members, Emmert, D., Melotti, R., Foco, L., Admin team members, Mascalzoni, D., Gögele, M., Domingues, F., Hicks, A., Colorado Center for Personalized Medicine (CCPM), Analysis team leader, Gignoux, C. R., leaders, D. C., Wicks, S. J., Crooks, K., Admin team leader, Barnes, K. C., Analysis team members, Daya, M., Shortt, J., Rafaels, N., Chavan, S., Columbia University COVID-19 Biobank, Analysis team leaders, Goldstein, D. B., Kiryluk, K., leaders, D. C., Sengupta, S., Chung, W., Reilly, M. P., Analysis team members, Khan, A., Wang, C., Povysil, G., Bhardwaj, N., Gharavi, A. G., Ionita-Laza, I., members, D. C., Shang, N., O’Byrne, S. M., Nandakumar, R., Menon, A., So, Y. S., Hod, E., Admin team member, Pendrick, D., Manifestation), C. (. O. C.-1.-R., Analysis team leader, Kim, H.-N., leaders, D. C., Park, S.-K., Kim, H.-L., Kang, C. K., Lee, H.-J., Song, K.-H., Admin team leaders, Jae Yoon, K., Paik, N.-J., Analysis team members, Seok, W., Yoon, H., members, D. C., Joo, E.-J., Chang, Y., Ryu, S., Park, W. B., Su Park, J., Un Park, K., Ham, S. Y., Jung, J., Kim, E. S., Kim, H. B., COVID-19-Hostage, Analysis team leaders, Ellinghaus, D., Degenhardt, F., Cáceres, M., Juzenas, S., Lenz, T. L., leaders, D. C., Albillos, A., Julià, A., Heidecker, B., Garcia, F., Kurth, F., Tran, F., Hanses, F., Zoller, H., Holter, J. C., Fernández, J., Sander, L. E., Rosenstiel, P., Koehler, P., de Cid, R., Asselta, R., Schreiber, S., Hehr, U., Prati, D., Baselli, G., Valenti, L., Bujanda, L., Banales, J. M., Duga, S., D’Amato, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Buti, M., Invernizzi, P., Admin team leaders, Franke, A., Hov, J. R., Karlsen, T. H., Folseraas, T., Maya-Miles, D., Analysis team members, Teles, A., Azuure, C., Wacker, E. M., Uellendahl-Werth, F., ElAbd, H., Arora, J., Lerga-Jaso, J., Wienbrandt, L., Rühlemann, M. C., Wendorff, M., Vadla, M. S., Lenning, O. B., Özer, O., Myhre, R., Raychaudhuri, S., Tanck, A., Gassner, C., Hemmrich-Stanisak, G., Kässens, J., Figuera Basso, M. E., Schulzky, M., Wittig, M., Braun, N., Wesse, T., Albrecht, W., Yi, X., members, D. C., Ortiz, A. B., Chercoles, A. G., Ruiz, A., Mantovani, A., Holten, A. R., Mayer, A., Cherubini, A., Protti, A., Aghemo, A., Gerussi, A., Ramirez, A., Braun, A., Barreira, A., Lleo, A., Kildal, A. B., Glück, A., Nolla, A. C., Latiano, A., Dyrhol-Riise, A. M., Muscatello, A., Voza, A., Rando-Segura, A., Solier, A., Karina, B., Cortes, B., Mateos, B., Nafria-Jimenez, B., Schaefer, B., Bellinghausen, C., Ferrando, C., Quereda, C., Skurk, C., Thibeault, C., Spinner, C. D., Lange, C., Hu, C., Cappadona, C., Bianco, C., Sancho, C., Lihaug Hoff, D. A., Galimberti, D., Jiménez, D., Pestaña, D., Toapanta, D., Azzolini, E., Scarpini, E., Helbig, E. T., Urrechaga, E., Paraboschi, E. M., Pontali, E., Reverter, E., Navas, E., Arana, E., Sánchez, F. G., Ceriotti, F., Malvestiti, F., Mesonero, F., Pezzoli, G., Lamorte, G., Neb, H., My, I., Hernández, I., de Rojas, I., Galván-Femenia, I., Heyckendorf, J., Rybniker, J., Badia, J. R., Schneider, J., Goikoetxea, J., Kraft, J., Müller, K. E., Gaede, K. I., Garcia-Etxebarria, K., Tonby, K., Heggelund, L., Izquierdo-Sanchez, L., Sumoy, L., Lippert, L. J., Terranova, L., Garbarino, L., Téllez, L., Roade, L., Ostadreza, M., Intxausti, M., Kogevinas, M., Gutiérrez-Stampa, M. A., Vehreschild, M. J. G. T., Marquié, M., Castoldi, M., Cecconi, M., Boada, M., Seilmaier, M. J., Mazzocco, M., Rodríguez-Gandía, M., Ayo, N. I., Blay, N., Martínez, N., Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 Study Group*, Cornely, O. A., Palmieri, O., Tentorio, P., Rodrigues, P. M., España, P. P., Hoffmann, P., Bacher, P., Suwalski, P., de Pablo, R., Nieto, R., Badalamenti, S., Ciesek, S., Bombace, S., Wilfling, S., Brunak, S., Heilmann-Heimbach, S., The Humanitas COVID-19 Task Force*, The Humanitas Gavazzeni COVID-19 Task Force*, Ripke, S., Bahmer, T., Landmesser, U., Protzer, U., Rimoldi, V., Skogen, V., Andrade, V., Moreno, V., Poller, W., Farre, X., Wang, X., Khodamoradi, Y., Karadeniz, Z., de Salazar, A., Palom, A., Garcia-Fernandez, A.-E., Blanco-Grau, A., Zanella, A., Bandera, A., Nebel, A., Biondi, A., Caballero-Garralda, A., Gori, A., Lind, A., Fracanzani, A. L., Peschuck, A., Pesenti, A., de la Horra, C., Milani, C., Paccapelo, C., Angelini, C., Cea, C., Muñiz-Diaz, E., Sandoval, E., Calderón, E. J., Solligård, E., Aziz, F., Martinelli-Boneschi, F., Peyvandi, F., Blasi, F., Medrano, F. J., Rodriguez-Frias, F., Müller, F., Grasselli, G., Costantino, G., Cardamone, G., Foti, G., Matullo, G., Kurihara, H., Afset, J. E., Damås, J. K., Ampuero, J., Martín, J., Erdmann, J., Bergan, J., Goerg, S., Ferrusquía-Acosta, J., Quero, J. H., Delgado, J., Guerrero, J. M., Risnes, K., Bettini, L. R., Moreira, L., Gustad, L. T., Santoro, L., Scudeller, L., Riveiro-Barciela, M., Schaefer, M., Carrabba, M., Valsecchi, M. G., Hernandez-Tejero, M., Acosta-Herrera, M., D’Angiò, M., Baldini, M., Cazzaniga, M., Ciccarelli, M., Bocciolone, M., Miozzo, M., Chueca, N., Montano, N., Faverio, P., Preatoni, P., Bonfanti, P., Omodei, P., Castro, P., Ferrer, R., Gualtierotti, R., Gallego-Durán, R., Morilla, R., Haider, S., Marsal, S., Aneli, S., Pelusi, S., Bosari, S., Aliberti, S., Dudman, S., Zheng, T., Pumarola, T., Cejudo, T. G., Monzani, V., Friaza, V., Peter, W., Dopazo, X., Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 Study Group, Humanitas COVID-19 Task Force, Duga, S., The Humanitas Gavazzeni COVID-19 Task Force, Admin team members, May, S., Grimsrud, M. M., deCODE, Analysis team leader, Gudbjartsson, D. F., leader, D. C., Stefansson, K., Analysis team members, Sulem, P., Sveinbjornsson, G., Melsted, P., Norddahl, G., Swerford Moore, K. H., members, D. C., Thorsteinsdottir, U., Holm, H., SARS-CoV-2, D. T. M. P. &. G. P. O. T. A. I. P. C. B., Analysis team leader, Alarcón-Riquelme, M. E., leader, D. C., Bernardo, D., Analysis team member, Martínez-Bueno, M., member, D. C., Rello, S. R., Biobank, E., Analysis team leader, Magi, R., leader, D. C., Milani, L., Admin team leader, Metspalu, A., Analysis team members, Laisk, T., Läll, K., Lepamets, M., members, D. C., Esko, T., Reimann, E., Naaber, P., Laane, E., Pesukova, J., Peterson, P., Kisand, K., Tabri, J., Allos, R., Hensen, K., Starkopf, J., Ringmets, I., Tamm, A., Kallaste, A., Admin team members, Alavere, H., Metsalu, K., Puusepp, M., FinnGen, members, D. C., Kristiansson, K., Koskelainen, S., Perola, M., Donner, K., Kivinen, K., Palotie, A., Admin team member, FinnGen Admin team leader, Palotie, A., (FHoGID), F. H. G. I. I. D., Analysis team leader, Rivolta, C., leaders, D. C., Bochud, P.-Y., Bibert, S., Boillat, N., Nussle, S. G., Albrich, W., Analysis team members, Quinodoz, M., Kamdar, D., members, D. C., Suh, N., Neofytos, D., Erard, V., Voide, C., FHoGID*, RegCOVID*, P-PredictUs*, SeroCOVID*, CRiPSI*, FHoGID, Bochud, P. Y., Rivolta, C., Bibert, S., Quinodoz, M., Kamdar, D., Neofytos, D., Erard, V., Voide, C., Friolet, R., Vollenweider, P., Pagani, J. L., Oddo, M., zu Bentrup, F. M., Conen, A., Clerc, O., Marchetti, O., Guillet, A., Guyat-Jacques, C., Foucras, S., Rime, M., Chassot, J., Jaquet, M., Viollet, R. M., Lannepoudenx, Y., Portopena, L., RegCOVID, Desgranges, F., Filippidis, P., Guéry, B., Haefliger, D., Kampouri, E. E., Manuel, O., Munting, A., Papadimitriou-Olivgeris, M., Regina, J., Rochat-Stettler, L., Suttels, V., Tadini, E., Tschopp, J., Van Singer, M., Viala, B., P-PredictUs, Boillat-Blanco, N., Brahier, T., Hügli, O., Meuwly, J. Y., Pantet, O., SérocoViD, Nussle, S. G., Bochud, M., D’Acremont, V., Younes, S. E., CRiPSI, Albrich, W. C., Suh, N., Cerny, A., O’Mahony, L., von Mering, C., Bochud, P. Y., Frischknecht, M., Kleger, G.-R., Filipovic, M., Kahlert, C. R., Wozniak, H., Negro, T. R., Pugin, J., Bouras, K., Knapp, C., Egger, T., Perret, A., Montillier, P., di Bartolomeo, C., Barda, B., Life, G. G. F., Analysis team leader, de Cid, R., leaders, D. C., Carreras, A., Moreno, V., Analysis team members, Galván-Femenía, I., Blay, N., Farré, X., Sumoy, L., members, D. C., Cortés, B., Mercader, J. M., Guindo-Martinez, M., Torrents, D., Garcia-Aymerich, J., Castaño-Vinyals, G., Dobaño, C., Study, G.-C. M., Analysis team leaders, Gori, M., leaders, D. C., Renieri, A., Mondelli, M. U., Castelli, F., Vaghi, M., Rusconi, S., Montagnani, F., Bargagli, E., Franchi, F., Mazzei, M. A., Cantarini, L., Tacconi, D., Feri, M., Scala, R., Spargi, G., Nencioni, C., Bandini, M., Caldarelli, G. P., Spagnesi, M., Canaccini, A., Ognibene, A., D’Arminio Monforte, A., Girardis, M., Antinori, A., Francisci, D., Schiaroli, E., Scotton, P. G., Panese, S., Scaggiante, R., Monica, M. D., Capasso, M., Fiorentino, G., Castori, M., Aucella, F., Di Biagio, A., Masucci, L., Valente, S., Mandalà, M., Zucchi, P., Giannattasio, F., Coviello, D. A., Mussini, C., Bosio, G., Tavecchia, L., Crotti, L., Rizzi, M., La Rovere, M. T., Sarzi-Braga, S., Bussotti, M., Ravaglia, S., Artuso, R., Perrella, A., Romani, D., Bergomi, P., Catena, E., Vincenti, A., Ferri, C., Grassi, D., Pessina, G., Tumbarello, M., Di Pietro, M., Sabrina, R., Luchi, S., Barbieri, C., Acquilini, D., Andreucci, E., Paciosi, F., Segala, F. V., Tiseo, G., Falcone, M., Lista, M., Poscente, M., De Vivo, O., Petrocelli, P., Guarnaccia, A., Baroni, S., Perticaroli, V., Admin team leaders, Furini, S., Dei, S., Analysis team members, Benetti, E., Picchiotti, N., Sanarico, M., Ceri, S., Pinoli, P., Raimondi, F., Biscarini, F., Stella, A., Bergomi, M., Zguro, K., Capitani, K., Tanfoni, M., members, D. C., Fallerini, C., Daga, S., Baldassarri, M., Fava, F., Frullanti, E., Valentino, F., Doddato, G., Giliberti, A., Tita, R., Amitrano, S., Bruttini, M., Croci, S., Meloni, I., Mencarelli, M. A., Lo Rizzo, C., Pinto, A. M., Beligni, G., Tommasi, A., Di Sarno, L., Palmieri, M., Carriero, M. L., Alaverdian, D., Iuso, N., Inchingolo, G., Busani, S., Bruno, R., Vecchia, M., Belli, M. A., Mantovani, S., Ludovisi, S., Quiros-Roldan, E., Antoni, M. D., Zanella, I., Siano, M., Emiliozzi, A., Fabbiani, M., Rossetti, B., Zanelli, G., Bergantini, L., D’Alessandro, M., Cameli, P., Bennet, D., Anedda, F., Marcantonio, S., Scolletta, S., Guerrini, S., Conticini, E., Frediani, B., Spertilli, C., Donati, A., Guidelli, L., Corridi, M., Croci, L., Piacentini, P., Desanctis, E., Cappelli, S., Verzuri, A., Anemoli, V., Pancrazi, A., Lorubbio, M., Merlini, E., Miraglia, F. G., Venturelli, S., Cossarizza, A., Vergori, A., Gabrieli, A., Riva, A., Paciosi, F., Andretta, F., Gatti, F., Parisi, S. G., Baratti, S., Piscopo, C., Russo, R., Andolfo, I., Iolascon, A., Carella, M., Merla, G., Squeo, G. M., Raggi, P., Marciano, C., Perna, R., Bassetti, M., Sanguinetti, M., Giorli, A., Salerni, L., Parravicini, P., Menatti, E., Trotta, T., Coiro, G., Lena, F., Martinelli, E., Mancarella, S., Gabbi, C., Maggiolo, F., Ripamonti, D., Bachetti, T., Suardi, C., Parati, G., Bottà, G., Di Domenico, P., Rancan, I., Bianchi, F., Colombo, R., Health, G. &., Analysis team leader, van Heel, D. A., leader, D. C., Hunt, K. A., Admin team leader, Trembath, R. C., Analysis team members, Huang, Q. Q., Martin, H. C., members, D. C., Mason, D., Trivedi, B., Wright, J., Admin team members, Finer, S., Genes & Health Research Team*, Griffiths, C. J., Genes & Health Research Team, Akhtar, S., Anwar, M., Arciero, E., Ashraf, S., Breen, G., Chung, R., Curtis, C. J., Chowdhury, M., Colligan, G., Deloukas, P., Durham, C., Finer, S., Griffiths, C., Huang, Q. Q., Hurles, M., Hunt, K. A., Hussain, S., Islam, K., Khan, A., Khan, A., Lavery, C., Lee, S. H., Lerner, R., MacArthur, D., MacLaughlin, B., Martin, H., Mason, D., Miah, S., Newman, B., Safa, N., Tahmasebi, F., Trembath, R. C., Trivedi, B., van Heel, D. A., Wright, J., Good, G. F., Analysis team leader, Smith, A. V., members, D. C., Boughton, A. P., Li, K. W., LeFaive, J., Annis, A., population, G. D. O. C.-1. C. I. T. B., Analysis team leader, leader, D. C., Jannes, C. E., Admin team leaders, Krieger, J. E., Pereira, A. C., Analysis team members, Velho, M., Marques, E., members, D. C., Lima, I. R., Tada, M. T., Valino, K., Korea, G. I. O. S. O. C.-1. I. I., Analysis team leaders, McCarthy, M., Rosenberger, C., leader, D. C., Lee, J. E., Analysis team members, Chang, D., Hammer, C., Hunkapiller, J., Mahajan, A., Pendergrass, S., Sucheston-Campbell, L., Yaspan, B., members, D. C., Lee, H. S., Shin, E., Jang, H. Y., Kim, S., Kym, S., Kim, Y.-S., Jeong, H., Kwon, K. T., Kim, S.-W., Kim, J. Y., Jang, Y. R., Kim, H. A., Lee, J. Y., Lee, J. E., Lee, S., Choe, K.-W., Kang, Y. M., Jee, S. H., Jung, K. J., 2019, G. E. O. S.-C.-2. G. I. C. D., leaders, D. C., Parikh, V., Ashley, E., Wheeler, M., Rivas, M., Bustamante, C., Pinksy, B., Febbo, P., Farh, K., Schroth, G. P., deSouza, F., Admin team leaders, Dalton, K., Christle, J., Analysis team members, Deboever, C., Szalma, S., Tanigawa, Y., Rubinacci, S., Delaneau, O., members, D. C., Gorzynski, J., de Jong, H., Sutton, S., Youlton, N., Joshi, R., Jimenez-Morales, D., Hughes, C., Amar, D., Ioannidis, A., Hershman, S., Kirillova, A., Seo, K., Huang, Y., Shoura, M., Hammond, N., Watson, N., Raja, A., Huang, C., Sahoo, M., Wang, H., Admin team member, Zhen, J., study, G. C.-1., Analysis team leader, Rakitko, A., Admin team leader, Ilinsky, V., Analysis team members, Yermakovich, D., Popov, I., Chernitsov, A., Kovalenko, E., Krasnenko, A., Plotnikov, N., Stetsenko, I., Kim, A., Helix & Healthy Nevada Project Exome+ COVID-19 Phenotypes, Analysis team leader, Cirulli, E. T., Analysis team members, Schiabor Barrett, K. M., Bolze, A., White, S., Washington, N. L., Lu, J. T., members, D. C., Riffle, S., Tanudjaja, F., Wang, X., Ramirez, J. M., Leonetti, N., Sandoval, E., Neveux, I., Dabe, S., Grzymski, J. J., outcome, 2. &. I. G. V. A. T. C.-1. I., Analysis team leader, Esteban Miñano, J. I., leader, D. C., Aguirre, L. A., Admin team leader, López-Collazo, E., Analysis team members, de la Mata Pazos, M., Cerrato, L., Folkersen, L., members, D. C., Lozano-Rodríguez, R., Avendaño-Ortiz, J., Arcos, V. T., Montalbán-Hernández, K. M., Quiroga, J. V., Pascual-Iglesias, A., Admin team members, Maroun-Eid, C., Martín-Quirós, A., Taskforce, J. C., Analysis team leaders, Namkoong, H., Okada, Y., Imoto, S., leaders, D. C., Katayama, K., Fukunaga, K., Kitagawa, Y., Sato, T., Hasegawa, N., Kumanogoh, A., Kimura, A., Ai, M., Tokunaga, K., Admin team leaders, Kanai, T., Miyano, S., Ogawa, S., Analysis team members, Edahiro, R., Sonehara, K., Shirai, Y., Kanai, M., members, D. C., Ishii, M., Kabata, H., Masaki, K., Kamata, H., Ikemura, S., Chubachi, S., Okamori, S., Terai, H., Tanaka, H., Morita, A., Lee, H., Asakura, T., Sasaki, J., Morisaki, H., Uwamino, Y., Nanki, K., Mikami, Y., Tomono, K., Kato, K., Matsuda, F., Takahashi, M., Hizawa, N., Takeda, Y., Hirata, H., Shiroyama, T., Miyawaki, S., Suzuki, K., Maeda, Y., Nii, T., Noda, Y., Niitsu, T., Adachi, Y., Enomoto, T., Amiya, S., Hara, R., Takahashi, K., Anzai, T., Hasegawa, T., Ito, S., Koike, R., Endo, A., Uchimura, Y., Miyazaki, Y., Honda, T., Tateishi, T., Tohda, S., Ichimura, N., Sonobe, K., Sassa, C., Nakajima, J., Nannya, Y., Omae, Y., Takahashi, K., Harada, N., Hiki, M., Takagi, H., Nakamura, A., Tagaya, E., Kawana, M., Arimura, K., Ishiguro, T., Takayanagi, N., Isono, T., Takaku, Y., Takano, K., Anan, R., Nakajima, Y., Nakano, Y., Nishio, K., Ueda, S., Hayashi, R., Tateno, H., Hase, I., Yoshida, S., Suzuki, S., Mitamura, K., Saito, F., Ueda, T., Azuma, M., Nagasaki, T., Yasui, Y., Hasegawa, Y., Mutoh, Y., Yoshiyama, T., Shoko, T., Kojima, M., Adachi, T., Ishikawa, M., Takahashi, K., Watanabe, K., Manabe, T., Ito, F., Fukui, T., Funatsu, Y., Koh, H., Hirai, Y., Kawashima, H., Narita, A., Niwa, K., Sekikawa, Y., Saito, F., Yoshiya, K., Yoshihara, T., Suzuki, Y., Nakayama, S., Masuzawa, K., Nishi, K., Nishitsuji, M., Tani, M., Inoue, T., Hirano, T., Kobayashi, K., Miyazawa, N., Kimura, Y., Sado, R., Ogura, T., Kitamura, H., Murohashi, K., Nakachi, I., Baba, R., Arai, D., Fuke, S., Saito, H., Kuwahara, N., Fujiwara, A., Okada, T., Baba, T., Noda, J., Mashimo, S., Yagi, K., Shiomi, T., Hashiguchi, M., Odani, T., Mochimaru, T., Oyamada, Y., Mori, N., Izumi, N., Nagata, K., Taki, R., Murakami, K., Yamada, M., Sugiura, H., Hayashi, K., Shimizu, T., Gon, Y., Fujitani, S., Tsuchida, T., Yoshida, T., Kagaya, T., Kita, T., Sakagami, S., Kimizuka, Y., Kawana, A., Nakamura, Y., Ishikura, H., Takata, T., Kikuchi, T., Taniyama, D., Nakamura, M., Kodama, N., Kaneyama, Y., Maeda, S., Nagasaki, Y., Okamoto, M., Ishihara, S., Ito, A., Chihara, Y., Takeuchi, M., Onoi, K., Hashimoto, N., Wakahara, K., Ando, A., Masuda, M., Wakabayashi, A., Watanabe, H., Sageshima, H., Nakada, T.-A., Abe, R., Shimada, T., Kawamura, K., Ichikado, K., Nishiyama, K., Yamasaki, M., Hashimoto, S., Kusaka, Y., Ohba, T., Isogai, S., Takada, M., Kanda, H., Komase, Y., Sano, F., Asano, K., Oguma, T., Harada, M., Takahashi, T., Shibusawa, T., Abe, S., Kono, Y., Togashi, Y., Izumo, T., Inomata, M., Awano, N., Ogawa, S., Ogata, T., Ishihara, S., Kanehiro, A., Ozaki, S., Fuchimoto, Y., Kitagawa, Y., Yoshida, S., Ogura, S., Nishiyama, K., Yoshida, K., Beppu, S., Fukuyama, S., Eriguchi, Y., Yonekawa, A., Inoue, Y., Yamagata, K., Chiba, S., Narumoto, O., Nagai, H., Ooshima, N., Motegi, M., Sagara, H., Tanaka, A., Ohta, S., Shibata, Y., Tanino, Y., Sato, Y., Yamada, Y., Hashino, T., Shinoki, M., Iwagoe, H., Imamura, T., Umeda, A., Shimada, H., Endo, M., Hayashi, S., Takahashi, M., Nakano, S., Yatomi, M., Maeno, T., Ishii, T., Utsugi, M., Ono, A., Kanaoka, K., Ihara, S., Komuta, K., Lifelines, Analysis team leader, Franke, L., leader, D. C., Boezen, M., Analysis team members, Claringbould, A., Lopera, E., Warmerdam, R., Vonk, J. M., van Blokland, I., members, D. C., Lanting, P., Ori, A. P. S., Lung eQTL Consortium, members, D. C., Obeidat, M., Hernández Cordero, A. I., Sin, D. D., Bossé, Y., Joubert, P., Hao, K., Nickle, D., Timens, W., van den Berge, M., COVID-19, M. G. B.-H. V. T., Analysis team leaders, Feng, Y.-C. A., Mercader, J., leaders, D. C., Weiss, S. T., Karlson, E. W., Smoller, J. W., Murphy, S. N., Meigs, J. B., Woolley, A. E., Admin team leader, Green, R. C., member, D. C., Perez, E. F., (MGI), M. G. I., Analysis team leader, Wolford, B., Admin team leader, Zöllner, S., Analysis team members, Wang, J., Beck, A., Initiative, M. S. H. S. C.-1. G., Analysis team leader, Sloofman, L. G., leaders, D. C., Ascolillo, S., Sebra, R. P., Collins, B. L., Levy, T., Admin team leaders, Sealfon, S. C., Analysis team members, Jordan, D. M., Thompson, R. C., Gettler, K., Chaudhary, K., Belbin, G. M., Preuss, M., Hoggart, C., Choi, S., Underwood, S. J., members, D. C., Salib, I., Britvan, B., Keller, K., Tang, L., Peruggia, M., Hiester, L. L., Niblo, K., Aksentijevich, A., Labkowsky, A., Karp, A., Zlatopolsky, M., Zyndorf, M., Admin team members, Charney, A. W., Beckmann, N. D., Schadt, E. E., Abul-Husn, N. S., Cho, J. H., Itan, Y., Kenny, E. E., Loos, R. J. F., Nadkarni, G. N., Do, R., O’Reilly, P., Huckins, L. M., Initiative, M. H., Analysis team leaders, Ferreira, M. A. R., Abecasis, G. R., leaders, D. C., Leader, J. B., Cantor, M. N., Admin team leaders, Justice, A. E., Carey, D. J., Analysis team members, Chittoor, G., Josyula, N. S., Kosmicki, J. A., Horowitz, J. E., Baras, A., members, D. C., Gass, M. C., Yadav, A., Admin team member, Mirshahi, T., Register, N. T., Analysis team leader, Jan Hottenga, J., leader, D. C., Bartels, M., Admin team leader, de Geus, E. J. C., Analysis team member, Nivard, M. G., Biobank, P. M., Analysis team leaders, Verma, A., Ritchie, M. D., Admin team leader, Rader, D., Analysis team members, Li, B., Verma, S. S., Lucas, A., Bradford, Y., controls, P., Analysis team leader, Zara, F., Analysis team members, Salpietro, V., Scala, M., Iacomino, M., Scudieri, P., Bocciardi, R., members, D. C., Minetti, C., Riva, A., Vari, M. S., Rahier, J.-F., Giorgio, E., Carli, D., leaders, D. C., Louis, E., Bulik, C. M., Landén, M., Brusco, A., Ferrero, G. B., Admin team leaders, Madia, F., Fundín, B., Program, Q. G., Analysis team leader, leader, D. C., Ismail, S. I., Analysis team members, Saad, C., Al-Sarraj, Y., members, D. C., Badji, R. M., Al-Muftah, W., Al Thani, A., Afifi, N., Latvia, S. O. T. C.-1. H. G. I. T. P. O., Analysis team leader, Klovins, J., leader, D. C., Rovite, V., Analysis team members, Rescenko, R., Peculis, R., member, D. C., Ustinova, M., COVID-19, T. G. P. T. S., Analysis team leader, leader, D. C., Zeberg, H., Analysis team members, members, D. C., Frithiof, R., Hultström, M., Lipcsey, M., Biobank, U. P. H. C.-1. H. G., Analysis team leader, Johnson, R., leader, D. C., UCLA Health ATLAS & Data Mart Working Group*, UCLA Health ATLAS & Data Mart Working Group, Geschwind, D. H., Admin team leaders, Freimer, N., Butte, M. J., Geschwind, D. H., Pasaniuc, B., Analysis team members, Ding, Y., Chiu, A., Chang, T. S., Boutros, P., UK 100, 0. G. P. (. E., Analysis team leader, Moutsianas, L., leaders, D. C., Caulfield, M. J., Scott, R. H., Analysis team members, Walker, S., Stuckey, A., Odhams, C. A., Rhodes, D., members, D. C., Fowler, T., Rendon, A., Chan, G., Arumugam, P., Biobank, U., Analysis team leaders, Karczewski, K. J., Wilson, D. J., Spencer, C. A., leaders, D. C., Crook, D. W., Wyllie, D. H., O’Connell, A. M., Admin team leader, Analysis team members, Atkinson, E. G., Kanai, M., Tsuo, K., Baya, N., Turley, P., Gupta, R., Walters, R. K., Palmer, D. S., Sarma, G., Solomonson, M., Cheng, N., Lu, W., Churchhouse, C., Goldstein, J. I., King, D., Seed, C., Daly, M. J., Neale, B. M., Bryant, S., Satterstrom, F. K., Band, G., Earle, S. G., Lin, S.-K., Arning, N., members, D. C., Armstrong, J., Rudkin, J. K., Admin team members, Callier, S., Bryant, S., Cusick, C., Cohort, U. B. D., Analysis team leaders, Soranzo, N., Zhao, J. H., leaders, D. C., Danesh, J., Di Angelantonio, E., Analysis team member, Butterworth, A. S., (MVP), V. M. V. P., Analysis team leaders, Sun, Y. V., Huffman, J. E., leader, D. C., Cho, K., Admin team leaders, O’Donnell, C. J., Tsao, P., Gaziano, J. M., Analysis team member, Peloso, G., member, D. C., Ho, Y.-L., Gardena, V., Analysis team leader, leader, D. C., Mian, M., member, D. C., Scaggiante, F., Admin team members, CHOP_CAG, Chang, X., Glessner, J. R., Hakonarson, H., GenOMICC/ISARIC4C, leaders, D. C., McGuigan, P. J., Prockter Moore, L. S., Vizcaychipi, M. P., Hall, K., Campbell, A., Nichol, A., Ward, G., Page, V. J., Semple, M. G., Adeniji, K., Agranoff, D., Agwuh, K., Ail, D., Aldera, E. L., Alegria, A., Angus, B., Ashish, A., Atkinson, D., Bari, S., Barlow, G., Barnass, S., Barrett, N., Bassford, C., Basude, S., Baxter, D., Beadsworth, M., Bernatoniene, J., Berridge, J., Best, N., Bothma, P., Chadwick, D., Brittain-Long, R., Bulteel, N., Burden, T., Burtenshaw, A., Caruth, V., Chambler, D., Chee, N., Child, J., Chukkambotla, S., Clark, T., Collini, P., Cosgrove, C., Cupitt, J., Cutino-Moguel, M.-T., Dark, P., Dawson, C., Dervisevic, S., Donnison, P., Douthwaite, S., Drummond, A., DuRand, I., Dushianthan, A., Dyer, T., Evans, C., Eziefula, C., Fegan, C., Finn, A., Fullerton, D., Garg, S., Garg, A., Gkrania-Klotsas, E., Godden, J., Goldsmith, A., Graham, C., Hardy, E., Hartshorn, S., Harvey, D., Havalda, P., Hawcutt, D. B., Hobrok, M., Hodgson, L., Hormis, A., Jacobs, M., Jain, S., Jennings, P., Kaliappan, A., Kasipandian, V., Kegg, S., Kelsey, M., Kendall, J., Kerrison, C., Kerslake, I., Koch, O., Koduri, G., Koshy, G., Laha, S., Laird, S., Larkin, S., Leiner, T., Lillie, P., Limb, J., Linnett, V., Little, J., Lyttle, M., MacMahon, M., MacNaughton, E., Mankregod, R., Masson, H., Matovu, E., McCullough, K., McEwen, R., Meda, M., Mills, G. H., Minton, J., Ward, K., Mirfenderesky, M., Mohandas, K., Mok, Q., Moon, J., Moore, E., Morgan, P., Morris, C., Mortimore, K., Moses, S., Mpenge, M., Mulla, R., Murphy, M., Nagel, M., Nagarajan, T., Nelson, M., O’Shea, M. K., Otahal, I., Ostermann, M., Pais, M., Panchatsharam, S., Papakonstantinou, D., Paraiso, H., Patel, B., Pattison, N., Pepperell, J., Peters, M., Phull, M., Pintus, S., Pooni, J. S., Post, F., Price, D., Prout, R., Rae, N., Reschreiter, H., Reynolds, T., Richardson, N., Roberts, M., Roberts, D., Rose, A., Rousseau, G., Ryan, B., Saluja, T., Shah, A., Shanmuga, P., Sharma, A., Shawcross, A., Sizer, J., Shankar-Hari, M., Smith, R., Snelson, C., Spittle, N., Staines, N., Stambach, T., Stewart, R., Subudhi, P., Szakmany, T., Tatham, K., Thomas, J., Thompson, C., Thompson, R., Tridente, A., Tupper-Carey, D., Twagira, M., Ustianowski, A., Vallotton, N., Vincent-Smith, L., Visuvanathan, S., Vuylsteke, A., Waddy, S., Wake, R., Walden, A., Welters, I., Whitehouse, T., Whittaker, P., Whittington, A., Papineni, P., Wijesinghe, M., Williams, M., Wilson, L., Cole, S., Winchester, S., Wiselka, M., Wolverson, A., Wooton, D. G., Workman, A., Yates, B., Young, P., Analysis team members, Beale, R., Bretherick, A. D., Clohisey, S., Fourman, M. H., Furniss, J., Gountouna, E., Grimes, G., Haley, C., Harrison, D., Hayward, C., Keating, S., Klaric, L., Klenerman, P., Law, A., Meynert, A. M., Millar, J., Pairo-Castineira, E., Parkinson, N., Ponting, C. P., Porteous, D. J., Rawlik, K., Richmond, A., Rowan, K., Russell, C. D., Scott, R. H., Shen, X., Shih, B., Tenesa, A., Vitart, V., Wang, B., Wilson, J. F., Wu, Y., Yang, J., Yang, Z., Zechner, M., Zhai, R., Zheng, C., Norman, L., Pius, R., Drake, T. M., Fairfield, C. J., Knight, S. R., Mclean, K. A., Murphy, D., Shaw, C. A., Dalton, J., Girvan, M., Saviciute, E., Roberts, S., Harrison, J., Marsh, L., Connor, M., Halpin, S., Jackson, C., Gamble, C., Leeming, G., Law, A., Wham, M., Hendry, R., Scott-Brown, J., members, D. C., Begg, C., Hinds, C., Wai Ho, A. Y., Horby, P. W., Knight, J., Ling, L., Maslove, D., McAuley, D., Montgomery, H., Nichol, A., Openshaw, P. J. M., Semple, M. G., Shankar-Hari, M., Summers, C., Walsh, T., Armstrong, L., Bates, H., Dooks, E., Farquhar, F., Hairsine, B., McParland, C., Packham, S., Alldis, Z., Astin-Chamberlain, R., Bibi, F., Biddle, J., Blow, S., Bolton, M., Borra, C., Bowles, R., Burton, M., Choudhury, Y., Collier, D., Cox, A., Easthope, A., Ebano, P., Fotiadis, S., Gurasashvili, J., Halls, R., Hartridge, P., Kallon, D., Kassam, J., Lancoma-Malcolm, I., Matharu, M., May, P., Mitchelmore, O., Newman, T., Patel, M., Pheby, J., Pinzuti, I., Prime, Z., Prysyazhna, O., Shiel, J., Taylor, M., Tierney, C., Wood, S., Zak, A., Zongo, O., Forsey, M., Kaliappan, A., Nicholson, A., Riches, J., Vertue, M., Wasson, C., Finn, S., Green, J., Collins, E., King, B., Grauslyte, L., Hussain, M., Phull, M., Pogreban, T., Rosaroso, L., Salciute, E., Franke, G., Wong, J., George, A., Akeroyd, L., Bano, S., Bromley, M., Gurr, L., Lawton, T., Morgan, J., Sellick, K., Warren, D., Wilkinson, B., McGowan, J., Ledgard, C., Stacey, A., Pye, K., Bellwood, R., Bentley, M., Hobrok, M., Loosley, R., McGuinness, H., Tench, H., Wolf-Roberts, R., Gibson, S., Lyle, A., McNeela, F., Radhakrishnan, J., Hughes, A., Ali, A., Brady, M., Dale, S., Dance, A., Gledhill, L., Greig, J., Hanson, K., Holdroyd, K., Home, M., Kelly, D., Kitson, R., Matapure, L., Melia, D., Mellor, S., Nortcliffe, T., Pinnell, J., Robinson, M., Shaw, L., Shaw, R., Thomis, L., Wilson, A., Wood, T., Bayo, L.-A., Merwaha, E., Ishaq, T., Hanley, S., Antcliffe, D., Banach, D., Brett, S., Coghlan, P., Fernandez, Z., Gordon, A., Rojo, R., Arias, S. S., Templeton, M., Jha, R., Krishnamurthy, V., Lim, L., Bi, R., Scholefield, B., Ashton, L., Williams, A., Cheyne, C., Saunderson, A., Allan, A., Anderson, F., Kaye, C., Liew, J., Medhora, J., Scott, T., Trumper, E., Botello, A., Polgarova, P., Stroud, K., Meaney, E., Jones, M., Ng, A., Agrawal, S., Pathan, N., White, D., Daubney, E., Elston, K., Parker, R., Reddy, A., Turner-Bone, I., Wilding, L., Harding, P., Jacob, R., Jones, C., Denmade, C., Croft, M., White, I., Lim, L., Griffin, D., Muchenje, N., Mupudzi, M., Partridge, R., Conyngham, J.-A., Thomas, R., Wright, M., Corral, M. A., Bastion, V., Clarke, D., David, B., Kent, H., Lorusso, R., Lubimbi, G., Murdoch, S., Penacerrada, M., Thomas, A., Valentine, J., Vochin, A., Wulandari, R., Djeugam, B., Dawson, J., Garrioch, S., Tolson, M., Aldridge, J., de Almeida Martins, L. G., Carungcong, J., Beavis, S., Dale, K., Gascoyne, R., Hawes, J., Pritchard, K., Stevenson, L., Whileman, A., Cowley, A., Highgate, J., Crawley, R., Crew, A., Cunningham, M., Daniels, A., Harrison, L., Hope, S., Inweregbu, K., Jones, S., Lancaster, N., Matthews, J., Nicholson, A., Wray, G., Benham, L., Bradshaw, Z., Brown, J., Caswell, M., Cupitt, J., Melling, S., Preston, S., Slawson, N., Stoddard, E., Warden, S., Combes, E., Joefield, T., Monnery, S., Beech, V., Trotman, S., Hopkins, B., Scriven, J., Thrasyvoulou, L., Willis, H., Anderson, S., Birch, J., Collins, E., Hammerton, K., O’Leary, R., Abernathy, C., Foster, L., Gratrix, A., Martinson, V., Parkinson, P., Stones, E., Carbral-Ortega, L., Kapoor, R., Loader, D., Castle, K., Brandwood, C., Smith, L., Clark, R., Birchall, K., Kolakaluri, L., Baines, D., Sukumaran, A., Mapfunde, I., Meredith, M., Morris, L., Ryan, L., Clark, A., Sampson, J., Peters, C., Dent, M., Langley, M., Ashraf, S., Wei, S., Andrew, A., Chablani, M., Kirkby, A., Netherton, K., Bates, M., Dasgin, J., Gill, J., Nilsson, A., Scriven, J., Apetri, E., Basikolo, C., Blackledge, B., Catlow, L., Charles, B., Dark, P., Doonan, R., Harris, J., Harvey, A., Horner, D., Knowles, K., Lee, S., Lomas, D., Lyons, C., Marsden, T., McLaughlan, D., McMorrow, L., Pendlebury, J., Perez, J., Poulaka, M., Proudfoot, N., Slaughter, M., Slevin, K., Taylor, M., Thomas, V., Walker, D., Michael, A., Collis, M., Clark, M., Coulding, M., Jude, E., McCormick, J., Mercer, O., Potla, D., Rehman, H., Savill, H., Turner, V., Davey, M., Golden, D., Seaman, R., Hunt, J., Dearden, J., Dobson, E., Mulcahy, M., Munt, S., O’Connor, G., Philbin, J., Rishton, C., Tully, R., Winnard, S., Cagova, L., Fofano, A., Garner, L., Holcombe, H., Mepham, S., Mitchell, A. M., Mwaura, L., Praman, K., Vuylsteke, A., Zamikula, J., Bercades, G., Brealey, D., Hass, I., MacCallum, N., Martir, G., Raith, E., Reyes, A., Smyth, D., Taylor, A., Hughes, R. A., Thomas, H., Rees, A., Duskova, M., Phipps, J., Brooks, S., Edwards, M., Alexander, P., Allen, S., Bradley-Potts, J., Brantwood, C., Egan, J., Felton, T., Padden, G., Ward, L., Moss, S., Glasgow, S., Beesley, K., Board, S., Kubisz-Pudelko, A., Lewis, A., Perry, J., Pippard, L., Wood, D., Buckley, C., Brown, A., Gregory, J., O’Connell, S., Smith, T., Belagodu, Z., Fuller, B., Gherman, A., Olufuwa, O., Paramsothy, R., Stuart, C., Oakley, N., Kamundi, C., Tyl, D., Collins, K., Silva, P., Taylor, J., King, L., Coates, C., Crowley, M., Wakefield, P., Beadle, J., Johnson, L., Sargeant, J., Anderson, M., Jardine, C., Williams, D., Parris, V., Quaid, S., Watson, E., Melville, J., Naisbitt, J., Joseph, R., Lazo, M., Walton, O., Neal, A., Hill, M., Kannan, T., Wild, L., Allan, E., Darlington, K., Davies, F., Easton, J., Kumar, S., Lean, R., Menzies, D., Pugh, R., Qiu, X., Davies, L., Williams, H., Scanlon, J., Davies, G., Mackay, C., Lewis, J., Rees, S., Coetzee, S., Gales, A., Otahal, I., Raj, M., Sell, C., Langton, H., Prout, R., Watters, M., Novis, C., Arbane, G., Bociek, A., Campos, S., Grau, N., Jones, T. O., Lim, R., Marotti, M., Ostermann, M., Shankar-Hari, M., Whitton, C., Barron, A., Collins, C., Kaul, S., Passmore, H., Prendergast, C., Reed, A., Rogers, P., Shokkar, R., Woodruff, M., Middleton, H., Polgar, O., Nolan, C., Thwaites, V., Mahay, K., Sri-Chandana, C., Scherewode, J., Stephenson, L., Marsh, S., Bancroft, H., Bellamy, M., Carmody, M., Daglish, J., Moore, F., Rhodes, J., Sangombe, M., Kadiri, S., Scriven, J., Ayers, A., Harrison, W., North, J., Cavazza, A., Cockrell, M., Corcoran, E., Depante, M., Finney, C., Jerome, E., McPhail, M., Nayak, M., Noble, H., O’Reilly, K., Pappa, E., Saha, R., Saha, S., Smith, J., Knighton, A., Gill, M., Paul, P., Ratnam, V., Shelton, S., Wynter, I., Baptista, D., Crowe, R., Fernandes, R., Herdman-Grant, R., Joseph, A., Loveridge, A., McKenley, I., Morino, E., Naranjo, A., Simms, R., Sollesta, K., Swain, A., Venkatesh, H., Khera, J., Fox, J., Barber, R., Hewitt, C., Hilldrith, A., Jackson-Lawrence, K., Shepardson, S., Wills, M., Butler, S., Tavares, S., Cunningham, A., Hindale, J., Arif, S., George, L., Twiss, S., Wright, D., Holland, M., Keenan, N., Lyons, M., Wassall, H., Marsh, C., Mahenthran, M., Carter, E., Kong, T., Adanini, O., Bhatia, N., Msiska, M., Mew, L., Mwaura, E., Stewart, R., Williams, F., Wren, L., Sutherland, S.-B., Battle, C., Brinkworth, E., Harford, R., Murphy, C., Newey, L., Rees, T., Williams, M., Arnold, S., Brealey, D., Hardy, J., Houlden, H., Moncur, E., Raith, E., Tariq, A., Tucci, A., Convery, K., Fottrell-Gould, D., Hudig, L., Keshet-Price, J., Randell, G., Stammers, K., Abdelrazik, M., Bakthavatsalam, D., Elhassan, M., Ganesan, A., Haldeos, A., Moreno-Cuesta, J., Purohit, D., Vincent, R., Xavier, K., Rohit, K., Alasdair, F., Saleem, M., David, C., Jenkins, S., Lamond, Z., Wall, A., Yates, B., Reynolds, J., Campbell, H., Thompsom, M., Dodds, S., Duffy, S., Butcher, D., O’Sullivan, S., Butterworth-Cowin, N., Deacon, B., Hibbert, M., Pothecary, C., Tetla, D., Woodford, C., Durga, L., Kennard-Holden, G., de Gordoa, L. 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J., Shah, N., Clark, V., Thanasi, M., Yun, N., Patel, K., Crickmore, V., Debreceni, G., Wilkins, J., Nicol, L., Burn, I., Hambrook, G., Manso, K., Penn, R., Shanmugasundaram, P., Tebbutt, J., Thornton, D., Rostron, A., Roy, A., Woods, L., Cornell, S., Wakinshaw, F., Rogerson, K., Jarmain, J., Anderson, P., Archer, K., Austin, K., Davis, C., Durie, A., Kelsall, O., Thrush, J., Vigurs, C., Wild, L., Wood, H.-L., Tranter, H., Harrison, A., Cowley, N., McAlindon, M., Burtenshaw, A., Digby, S., Low, E., Morgan, A., Cother, N., Rankin, T., Clayton, S., McCurdy, A., Allibone, S., Mary-Genetu, R., Kasipandian, V., Patel, A., Mac, A., Murphy, A., Mahjoob, P., Nazari, R., Worsley, L., Fagan, A., Mohamed Ali, I. A., Beaumont, K., Blunt, M., Coton, Z., Curgenven, H., Elsaadany, M., Fernandes, K., Ally, S. M., Rangarajan, H., Sarathy, V., Selvanayagam, S., Vedage, D., White, M., Fernandez-Roman, J., Hamilton, D. O., Johnson, E., Johnston, B., Martinez, M. L., Mulla, S., Shaw, D., Waite, A. A. 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C., Charlesworth, R., Hansson, K., Norris, J., Poole, A., Rose, A., Sandhu, R., Sloan, B., Smithson, E., Thirumaran, M., Wagstaff, V., Metcalfe, A., Camsooksai, J., Humphrey, C., Jenkins, S., Reschreiter, H., Wadams, B., DeAth, Y., Adams, C., Agasou, A., Arden, T., Bowes, A., Boyle, P., Beekes, M., Button, H., Capps, N., Carnahan, M., Carter, A., Childs, D., Donaldson, D., Hard, K., Hurford, F., Hussain, Y., Javaid, A., Jones, J., Jose, S., Leigh, M., Martin, T., Millward, H., Motherwell, N., Rikunenko, R., Stickley, J., Summers, J., Ting, L., Tivenan, H., Tonks, L., Wilcox, R., Bokhari, M., Linnett, V., Lucas, R., McCormick, W., Ritzema, J., Sanderson, A., Wild, H., Baxter, N., Henderson, S., Kennedy-Hay, S., McParland, C., Rooney, L., Sim, M., McCreath, G., Brunton, M., Caterson, J., Coles, H., Frise, M., Rai, S. 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K., Barclay, L., Callaghan, M., Campbell, R., Clark, S., Hope, D., Marshall, L., McCulloch, C., Briton, K., Singleton, J., Birch, S., Higham, A., Simpson, K., Craig, J., Demetriou, C., Eckbad, C., Hierons, S., Howie, L., Mitchard, S., Ramos, L., Serrano-Ruiz, A., White, K., Kelly, F., Amin, V., Anastasescu, E., Anumakonda, V., Karthik, K., Kausar, R., Reid, K., Smith, J., Imeson-Wood, J., Bellini, A., Bryant, J., Mayer, A., Pickard, A., Roe, N., Sowter, J., Howlett, A., Criste, K., Cusack, R., Golder, K., Golding, H., Jones, O., Leggett, S., Male, M., Marani, M., Prager, K., Williams, T., Roberts, B., Salmon, K., Gondo, P., Hadebe, B., Kayani, A., Masunda, B., Ahmed, A., Morris, A., Jakkula, S., Long, K., Whiteley, S., Wilby, E., Ogg, B., Moultrie, S., Odam, M., Bewley, J., Garland, Z., Grimmer, L., Gumbrill, B., Johnson, R., Sweet, K., Webster, D., Efford, G., Bennett, S., Goodwin, E., Jackson, M., Kent, A., Tibke, C., Woodyatt, W., Zaki, A., Daniel, A., Finn, J., Saha, R., Staines, N., Easthope, A., Bremmer, P., Allan, J., Geary, T., Houston, G., Meikle, A., O’Brien, P., Bell, D., Boyle, R., Douglas, K., Glass, L., Lee, E., Lennon, L., Rattray, A., Charnock, R., McFarland, D., Cosgrove, D., Attwood, B., Parsons, P., Carmody, S., Oblak, M., Popescu, M., Thankachen, M., Baruah, R., Morris, S., Ferguson, S., Shepherd, A., Altabaibeh, A., Alvaro, A., Gilbert, K., Ma, L., Mostoles, L., Parmar, C., Simpson, K., Jetha, C., Booker, L., Pratley, A., Cosier, T., Millen, G., Richardson, N., Schumacher, N., Weston, H., Rand, J., Alex, B., Bach, B., Barclay, W. 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D., Carlucci, N., Holmes, A., Massey, H., Murphy, L., Wrobel, N., McCafferty, S., Morrice, K., MacLean, A., Admin team members, Armstrong, R., Boz, C., Brown, A., Clark, R., Coutts, A., Cullum, L., Day, N., Donnelly, L., Duncan, E., Fawkes, A., Finernan, P., Gilchrist, T., Golightly, A., Hafezi, K., Law, D., Law, R., Law, S., Macgillivray, L., Maclean, A., Mal, H., McCafferty, S., Mcmaster, E., Meikle, J., Moore, S. C., Morrice, K., Murphy, L., Oosthuyzen, W., Paterson, T., Stenhouse, A., Swets, M., Szoor-McElhinney, H., Taneski, F., Wackett, T., Ward, M., Weaver, J., Wrobel, N., Coyle, J., Gallagher, B., Lidstone-Scott, R., Hamilton, D., Schon, K., Furlong, A., Biggs, H., Griffiths, F., Andrews, E., Brickell, K., Smyth, M., Murphy, L., Carson, G., Hardwick, H., Donohue, C., & authors, C.-1. H. C.
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2021-07-08
- Volume
- 600
- Issue
- 7889
- Pages
- 472-477
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W3182807823
- Cited by
- 983
- References
- 64
- FWCI
- 106.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x
- The paper
- Initiative, C.-1. H. G., InitiativeLeadership, C.-1. H. G., Niemi, M. E. K., Karjalainen, J., Liao, R. G., Neale, B. M., Daly, M., Ganna, A., Writing group, Writing group leaders, Pathak, G. A., Andrews, S. J., Kanai, M., Writing group members, Veerapen, K., Fernandez-Cadenas, I., Schulte, E. C., Striano, P., Marttila, M., . . . authors, C.-1. H. C. (2021). Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19. Nature. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03767-x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
