Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 490

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Quantitative evidence for early metastatic seeding in colorectal cancer

Open access
Hu, Zheng, Ding, Jie, Ma, Zhicheng, Sun, Ruping, Seoane, Jose A., Scott Shaffer, J., Suarez, Carlos J., Berghoff, Anna S., Cremolini, Chiara, Falcone, Alfredo, Loupakis, Fotios, Birner, Peter, Preusser, Matthias, Lenz, Heinz-Josef, Curtis, Christina·2019·Nature Genetics

Abstract

Both the timing and molecular determinants of metastasis are unknown, hindering treatment and prevention efforts. Here we characterize the evolutionary dynamics of this lethal process by analyzing exome-sequencing data from 118 biopsies from 23 patients with colorectal cancer with metastases to the liver or brain. The data show that the genomic divergence between the primary tumor and metastasis is low and that canonical driver genes were acquired early. Analysis within a spatial tumor growth model and statistical inference framework indicates that early disseminated cells commonly (81%, 17 out of 21 evaluable patients) seed metastases while the carcinoma is clinically undetectable (typically, less than 0.01 cm3). We validated the association between early drivers and metastasis in an independent cohort of 2,751 colorectal cancers, demonstrating their utility as biomarkers of metastasis. This conceptual and analytical framework provides quantitative in vivo evidence that systemic spread can occur early in colorectal cancer and illuminates strategies for patient stratification and therapeutic targeting of the canonical drivers of tumorigenesis. Analysis of evolutionary dynamics of colorectal cancers and paired distant brain or liver metastases provides evidence that early disseminated cancer cells seed metastases before the carcinoma is clinically detectable.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41588-019-0423-x

Cites

83 of 83 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 83 references

Cited by

See all 490

Metadata

Authors
Hu, Z., Ding, J., Ma, Z., Sun, R., Seoane, J. A., Scott Shaffer, J., Suarez, C. J., Berghoff, A. S., Cremolini, C., Falcone, A., Loupakis, F., Birner, P., Preusser, M., Lenz, H.-J., & Curtis, C.
Venue
Nature Genetics
Published
2019-06-17
Volume
51
Issue
7
Pages
1113-1122
ISSN
  • 1061-4036 (ISSN-L)
  • 1546-1718
OpenAlex
W2950945543
Cited by
490
References
83
FWCI
19.84
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Quantitative evidence for early metastatic seeding in colorectal cancer. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41588-019-0423-x
The paper
Hu, Z., Ding, J., Ma, Z., Sun, R., Seoane, J. A., Scott Shaffer, J., Suarez, C. J., Berghoff, A. S., Cremolini, C., Falcone, A., Loupakis, F., Birner, P., Preusser, M., Lenz, H.-J., & Curtis, C. (2019). Quantitative evidence for early metastatic seeding in colorectal cancer. Nature Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0423-x

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.