Pore formation in lipid membrane II: Energy landscape under external stress
Open accessAbstract
Lipid membranes are extremely stable envelopes allowing cells to survive in various environments and to maintain desired internal composition. Membrane permeation through formation of transversal pores requires substantial external stress. Practically, pores are usually formed by application of lateral tension or transmembrane voltage. Using the same approach as was used for obtaining continuous trajectory of pore formation in the stress-less membrane in the previous article, we now consider the process of pore formation under the external stress. The waiting time to pore formation proved a non-monotonous function of the lateral tension, dropping from infinity at zero tension to a minimum at the tension of several millinewtons per meter. Transmembrane voltage, on the contrary, caused the waiting time to decrease monotonously. Analysis of pore formation trajectories for several lipid species with different spontaneous curvatures and elastic moduli under various external conditions provided instrumental insights into the mechanisms underlying some experimentally observed phenomena.
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This energetically favorable pathway reduces pore-edge line tension and thus proceeds spontaneously.
“This energetically favorable pathway reduces pore-edge line tension and thus proceeds spontaneously 31 .”
From Fusion of lipid membranes: an alternative pathway (2026) · cites this paper as [31]
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Sorted by citations
Fusion of lipid membranes: an alternative pathway
Jin, D., Li, Z., Roke, S., & Klein, J. (2026) · doi:10.64898/2026.02.19.706911
- Authors
- Akimov, S. A., Volynsky, P. E., Galimzyanov, T. R., Kuzmin, P. I., Pavlov, K. V., & Batishchev, O. V.
- Affiliations
- National University of Science and Technology (RU)
- Russian Academy of Sciences (RU)
- Corresponding author
- Akimov, Sergey A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2017-10-02
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 12509-12509
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5624950
- OpenAlex
- W2760091598
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 4.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research (15-04-07816, 17-04-, 17-04-02070)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Caveolin-1 and cellular processes
- Keywords
- pore formation, lipid membranes, membrane permeation, lateral tension, transmembrane voltage, energy landscape, waiting time, spontaneous curvature, membrane stability
- MeSH terms
- Biomechanical Phenomena, Cell Membrane Permeability, Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, Elasticity, Kinetics, Lipid Bilayers, Phosphatidylcholines, Thermodynamics, Porosity, Molecular Dynamics Simulation
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