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Cited by 113Gestational Diabetes Research and ManagementDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsMaternal and Neonatal Healthcare

Independent and combined effects of age, body mass index and gestational weight gain on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

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Yong, Heng Yaw, Mohd Shariff, Zalilah, Mohd Yusof, Barakatun Nisak, Rejali, Zulida, Tee, Yvonne Yee Siang, Bindels, Jacques, van der Beek, Eline M.·2020·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-65251-2PMC PMC7244566
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Abstract

This study aimed to identify the independent and combined effects of age, BMI at first prenatal visit and GWG on the risk of GDM. A retrospective cohort study of 1,951 pregnant women in Seremban district, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. GDM was defined as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥5.6 mmol/l and/or 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hPPG) ≥7.8 mmol/l. A higher percentage of women with GDM had 2 risk factors (29.0%) or >2 risk factors (8.6%) compared to non-GDM women (2 risk factors: 25.5%; >2 risk factors: 5.0%). In general, women with ≥2 risk factors were respectively 1.36–2.06 times more likely to have GDM compared to those without risk factors. Older maternal age and being overweight/obese were significantly associated with risk of GDM. Overweight/obese women with age ≥35 years had 2.45 times higher risk of GDM and having excessive GWG at second trimester further increased the risk of GDM. Age and BMI are independent risk factors for GDM but not GWG in the first and second trimester. The findings emphasize the need to focus on a healthy BMI before pregnancy and optimal GWG during pregnancy to improve pregnancy outcomes.

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  • Among food insecure Malaysian women, excessive gestational weight gain in the second trimester of pregnancy increased risk of gestational diabetes by almost 10-fold.

    “Among food insecure Malaysian women, excessive GWG in the second trimester of pregnancy increased risk of GDM by almost 10‐fold. 81”

    From Overweight, obesity and excessive weight gain in pregnancy as risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes: A narrative review (2022) · cites this paper as [81]

    The Results report a 3.38-fold higher adjusted odds of GDM only for women with three combined risk factors: age ≥35, overweight/obesity, and excessive second-trimester gestational weight gain. The Discussion says excessive weight gain alone was not a significant risk factor. The paper does not identify the women as food insecure or report an almost tenfold increase. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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  • In the pathogenesis of GDM, as in type 2 diabetes, a key role is played by insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion relative to the patient's needs.

    “In the pathogenesis of GDM, as in type 2 diabetes, a key role is played by insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion relative to the patient’s needs.”

    From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Recent Literature Review (2022) · cites this paper as [37]

    The Discussion (page not provided) says reduced insulin secretion strongly influences GDM and discusses declining insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance during pregnancy. It does not make the comparison with type 2 diabetes or explicitly describe secretion as insufficient relative to the patient’s needs. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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  • GDM is observed in both obese and lean women.

    “We observe GDM in both obese and lean women [37].”

    From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Recent Literature Review (2022) · cites this paper as [37]

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Authors
Yong, H. Y., Mohd Shariff, Z., Mohd Yusof, B. N., Rejali, Z., Tee, Y. Y. S., Bindels, J., & van der Beek, E. M.
Affiliations
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
  • Danone Nutricia Research (Netherlands) (NL)
ORCID
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-05-22
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
8486-8486
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41598-020-65251-2
PMC
PMC7244566
OpenAlex
W3027566164
Cited by
113
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 1
FWCI
9.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Greater South Information System
Funders
Danone
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
Keywords
gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal age, body mass index, gestational weight gain, overweight and obesity, risk factors, combined risk factors, second trimester, pre-pregnancy body mass index, pregnancy outcomes
MeSH terms
Gestational Weight Gain, Adult, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Malaysia, Pregnancy, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Diabetes, Gestational, Overweight

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