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Cited by 12Dengue and Mosquito Control ResearchMosquito-borne diseases and controlInsect Pest Control Strategies

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Knowledge on exotic mosquitoes in Germany, and public acceptance and effectiveness of Bti and two self-prepared insecticides against Aedes japonicus japonicus

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Reuss, Friederike, Kreß, Aljoscha, Braun, Markus, Magdeburg, Axel, Pfenninger, Markus, Müller, Ruth, Mehring, Marion·2020·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-75780-5PMC PMC7641113
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Abstract

Abstract Mosquito-borne diseases are a continuous challenge to public health. To prevent transmission, Integrated Vector Management (IVM) applies preventive, control, and communicational strategies that should be feasible, environmentally benign, and sustainable. IVM shows higher efficiency when being supported by local communities. Accordingly, we applied a social-ecological approach to identify the public acceptance of control measures and effectiveness of Eurocent coins containing copper, clove essential oil (EO) and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti). We performed field and laboratory experiments to demonstrate the toxicity of alternative substances against Aedes japonicus japonicus. In expert interviews, we asked for (1) knowledge on exotic mosquitoes in Germany, (2) potential chances of alternative substances in future mosquito control, and (3) their needs for further clarification before application. We assessed potential users’ (4) awareness of exotic mosquitoes and (5) willingness to apply the substances. Self-prepared copper coins and EO were clearly preferred by potential users over Bti. However, 100% mortality of the sensitive first stage could not be reached with the number of ten 5-Eurocent coins showing limited toxicity. Clove EO was shown to work as oviposition deterrent and larvicide with a LC 50 of 17 mg l −1 (95% CI: 15–19 mg l −1 ). This study shows the importance of potential users’ perspectives in IVM and the need for authorised insecticides.

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Figure 1 Solubility of copper ions originating from 2-Eurocent coins in three different water types and measurements of conductivity and pH (copper experiment 1): (a) Measured Cu+-concentration during the course of the experiment; (b) Cu2+-concentration; (c) conductivity; (d) pH-value. Symbols represent mean values and standard deviations are shown as error bars. For nonlinear regressions (solid lines), the 95% confidence intervals are displayed as dotted lines.
Figure 1 Solubility of copper ions originating from 2-Eurocent coins in three different water types and measurements of conductivity and pH (copper experiment 1): (a) Measured Cu+-concentration during the course of the experiment; (b) Cu2+-concentration; (c) conductivity; (d) pH-value. Symbols represent mean values and standard deviations are shown as error bars. For nonlinear regressions (solid lines), the 95% confidence intervals are displayed as dotted lines.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Solubility of Cu2+ from different Eurocent coins (copper experiment 2): (a) Measured Cu2+-concentration during the course of the experiment; (b) conductivity. Mean values with min to max range (error bars) are shown.
Figure 2 Solubility of Cu2+ from different Eurocent coins (copper experiment 2): (a) Measured Cu2+-concentration during the course of the experiment; (b) conductivity. Mean values with min to max range (error bars) are shown.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Sources of information for the knowledge that exotic mosquitoes exist in Germany. The data basis is a CATI survey with 257 gardeners and 150 grave attendants in the federal states of Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.
Figure 3 Sources of information for the knowledge that exotic mosquitoes exist in Germany. The data basis is a CATI survey with 257 gardeners and 150 grave attendants in the federal states of Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Knowledge of Ae. j. japonicus and Ae. albopictus. The original question was “These new invasive mosquitoes are mainly two species: The Asian bush mosquito and the Asian tiger mosquito. Have you heard about them?” Source: CATI survey with 257 gardeners and 150 grave attendants in the federal states of Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.
Figure 4 Knowledge of Ae. j. japonicus and Ae. albopictus. The original question was “These new invasive mosquitoes are mainly two species: The Asian bush mosquito and the Asian tiger mosquito. Have you heard about them?” Source: CATI survey with 257 gardeners and 150 grave attendants in the federal states of Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Willingness to implement the respective control measures, such as Eurocent coins, EOs, and Bti tablets. Source: CATI survey with 257 gardeners and 150 grave attendants in the federal states of Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. The category “Other” contains the answer “Don’t know” and the information denied option. EO: essential oil. Bti: Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis.
Figure 5 Willingness to implement the respective control measures, such as Eurocent coins, EOs, and Bti tablets. Source: CATI survey with 257 gardeners and 150 grave attendants in the federal states of Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany. The category “Other” contains the answer “Don’t know” and the information denied option. EO: essential oil. Bti: Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Takken, W. & van den Berg, H. Manual on Prevention of Establishment and Control of Mosquitoes of Public Health Importance in the WHO European Region (with Special Reference to Invasive Mosquitoes) (World Health Organization, Geneva, 2018).
  2. World Health Organisation (WHO). Global Strategic Framework for Integrated Vector Management (WHO, Geneva, 2004).
  3. Becker, N. The use of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) against mosquitoes, with special emphasis on the ecological impact. Isr. J. Entomol. 32, 63–69 (1998).

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Authors
Reuss, F., Kreß, A., Braun, M., Magdeburg, A., Pfenninger, M., Müller, R., & Mehring, M.
Affiliations
  • Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (DE)
  • Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
  • Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
Corresponding author
Reuss, Friederike
ORCID
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2020-11-03
Volume
10
Issue
1
Pages
18901-18901
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41598-020-75780-5
PMC
PMC7641113
OpenAlex
W3094715528
Cited by
12
References
69
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3
FWCI
2.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • Centre on Climate Change and Adaptation of the Hessian Agency for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology
  • Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (AECO (number 01Kl1717))
  • Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
  • Projekt DEAL
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Dengue and Mosquito Control Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Mosquito-borne diseases and control
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
Keywords
Aedes japonicus japonicus, exotic mosquitoes, Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis, clove oil, copper coins, mosquito control, integrated vector management, public acceptance, oviposition deterrent, larvicidal toxicity, socio-ecological approach, mosquito-borne diseases
MeSH terms
Aedes, Animals, Bacillus thuringiensis, Consumer Behavior, Copper, Germany, Insect Control, Insecticides, Numismatics, Oils, Volatile, Pest Control, Biological, Plant Oils, Syzygium

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