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Cited by 258Soil and Water Nutrient DynamicsAgricultural Science and FertilizationAquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics

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Excessive application of chemical fertilizer and organophosphorus pesticides induced total phosphorus loss from planting causing surface water eutrophication

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Liu, Liyuan, Zheng, Xiangqun, Wei, Xiaocheng, Kai, Zhang, Xu, Yan·2021·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-02521-7PMC PMC8626514
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Abstract

Total phosphorus (TP) loss from planting was one of the resources causing agricultural non-point source pollution. It is significant to clarify the factors influencing TP loss, as well as explore the relationship between TP loss from planting and surface water eutrophication for making recommendations on the reduction of environmental pollution. In this study, the minimum and maximum of average TP loss was appeared in Qinghai and Shandong province with the TP loss of 7.7 × 10 2 t and 7.5 × 10 3 t from 2012 to 2014, respectively. The results of structural equation model (SEM) indicating that the effect of anthropogenic drivers on TP loss was more important than natural conditions due to the higher path coefficient of anthropogenic drivers (0.814) than that of natural conditions (0.130). For anthropogenic drivers, the path coefficients of usage of fertilizer and pesticides, which was often excessively applied in China, were 0.921 and 0.909, respectively causing they the two dominant factors affecting TP loss. Annual precipitation and relative humidity, which were belongs to natural conditions, increased TP loss by enhancing leaching and surface runoff. However, light duration could reduce TP loss by promoting crop growth and increasing TP absorption of crops, with a path coefficient of − 0.920. TP loss of each province in per unit area from planting was significantly correlated with TP concentration of its surface water (p < 0.05), suggesting that TP loss from planting was the main factor causing surface water eutrophication. This study targeted presented three proposals to reduce the TP loss from planting, including promotion of scientific fertilization technologies, restriction of organophosphorus pesticides, and popularization of water saving irrigation technologies. These findings as well as suggestions herein would provide direction for the reduction of TP loss from planting.

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Figure 1 TP loss, crop sown area and the ratio of TP loss to sown area China from 2012 to 2014.
Figure 1 TP loss, crop sown area and the ratio of TP loss to sown area China from 2012 to 2014.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Structural equation model (SEM) illustrating the direct and indirect effects of natural conditions and anthropogenic drivers on TP Loss.
Figure 2 Structural equation model (SEM) illustrating the direct and indirect effects of natural conditions and anthropogenic drivers on TP Loss.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 The linear regression between TP loss in per unit area of planting and TP concentration in surface water.
Figure 3 The linear regression between TP loss in per unit area of planting and TP concentration in surface water.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 The concept of soil phosphorus cycle from planting and the priority control path for the reduction TP loss.
Figure 4 The concept of soil phosphorus cycle from planting and the priority control path for the reduction TP loss.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Liu, L., Zheng, X., Wei, X., Kai, Z., & Xu, Y.
Affiliations
  • Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences (CN)
  • Agro-Environmental Protection Institute (CN)
Corresponding author
Xu, Yan
ORCID
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-11-26
Volume
11
Issue
1
Pages
23015-23015
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41598-021-02521-7
PMC
PMC8626514
OpenAlex
W3217269926
Cited by
258
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 69 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 13
FWCI
9.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
The National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0201200)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Keywords
surface water eutrophication, chemical fertilizer overuse, organophosphorus pesticides, agricultural non-point source pollution, anthropogenic factors, natural conditions, light duration, phosphorus leaching, surface runoff, scientific fertilization, water-saving irrigation, provincial comparison

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Liu, L., Zheng, X., Wei, X., Kai, Z., & Xu, Y. (2021). Excessive application of chemical fertilizer and organophosphorus pesticides induced total phosphorus loss from planting causing surface water eutrophication. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02521-7