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Impact of drying methods on the yield and chemistry of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil

Caputo, Lucia, Amato, Giuseppe, de Bartolomeis, Pietro, De Martino, Laura, Manna, Francesco, Nazzaro, Filomena, De Feo, Vincenzo, Barba, Anna Angela·2022·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-07841-wPMC PMC8907181
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Abstract

Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is mainly cultivated, both as fresh and dried herb, for several purposes, such as ailments, drugs, and spices. To evaluate the influence of some drying methods on the chemical composition of the essential oil of oregano, its aerial parts were dehydrated by convective drying techniques (shade, static oven), microwave-assisted heating (three different treatments) and osmotic treatment. The oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC–MS. The highest essential oil yield was achieved from microwave and shade drying methods. In total, 39 components were found, with carvacrol (ranging from 56.2 to 81.4%) being the main constituent; other compounds present in lower amounts were p-cymene (1.6–17.7%), γ-terpinene (0.8–14.2%), α-pinene (0.1–2.1%), thymol methyl ether (0.4–1.8%) and thimoquinone (0.5–3.5%). The essential oil yields varied among the different treatments as well as the relative compositions. The percentages of p-cymene, γ-terpinene and α-pinene decreased significantly in the dried sample compared with the fresh sample; on the other hand, carvacrol, isoborneol and linalool increased significantly in the dried materials. The choice of the drying method for obtaining the essential oil therefore appears crucial not only in relation to the higher yield but also and above all in reference to the percentage presence of components that can direct the essential oil toward an appropriate use.

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Figure 1 Oregano samples: fresh sample and dried samples.
Figure 1 Oregano samples: fresh sample and dried samples.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Electrolyte leakage from oregano samples (fresh and dried).
Figure 2 Electrolyte leakage from oregano samples (fresh and dried).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Percent composition of main chemical groups in the essential oils subjected to different treatments.
Figure 3 Percent composition of main chemical groups in the essential oils subjected to different treatments.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Percentage of major components of O. vulgare essential oils obtained by different treatments.
Figure 4 Percentage of major components of O. vulgare essential oils obtained by different treatments.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Caputo, L., Amato, G., de Bartolomeis, P., De Martino, L., Manna, F., Nazzaro, F., De Feo, V., & Barba, A. A.
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-03-09
Volume
12
Issue
1
ISSN
2045-2322
DOI
10.1038/s41598-022-07841-w
PMC
PMC8907181
Cited by
64
References
0
Language
en
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