CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 36Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactBirth, Development, and Health

Prenatal exposure to phthalate and decreased body mass index of children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Open access
Lee, Dong-Wook, Lim, Hyun-Mook, Lee, Joong-Yub, Min, Kyung-Bok, Shin, Choong-Ho, Lee, Young-Ah, Hong, Yun-Chul·2022·Scientific Reports
DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-13154-9PMC PMC9142490
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Phthalates are well-known endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Many detrimental health effects of phthalates were investigated, but studies on the association of phthalates with obesity in children showed inconsistent results. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to clarify whether prenatal and postnatal exposures to phthalates are associated with physical growth disturbances in children. We performed the systematic review and meta-analysis following the PRISMA 2020 statement guidelines, and found 39 studies that met our inclusion criteria, including 22 longitudinal and 17 cross-sectional studies. We observed a significant negative association between the prenatal exposure to DEHP and the body mass index (BMI) z-score of the offspring (β = - 0.05; 95% CI: - 0.10, - 0.001) in the meta-analysis, while no significant association between the prenatal exposure to DEHP and the body fat percentage of the offspring was observed (β = 0.01; 95% CI: - 0.41, 0.44). In the systematic review, studies on the association between phthalates exposure in childhood and obesity were inconsistent. Prenatal exposure to phthalates was found to be associated with decreased BMI z-score in children, but not associated with body fat percentage. Our findings suggest that phthalates disturb the normal muscle growth of children, rather than induce obesity, as previous studies have hypothesized.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s41598-022-13154-9

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet

References 97 · Cited by 36

Research works printed but not linked: 94

  1. [2]Erythropel HC Maric M Nicell JA Leask RL Yargeau V Leaching of the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from plastic containers and the question of human exposure Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2014 98 9967 9981 10.1007/s00253-014-6183-8 25376446 · DOI
  2. [3]Lorz PM Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2000 Hoboken Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA
  3. [4]Silva MJ Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the US population from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2000 Environ. Health Perspect. 2004 112 331 338 10.1289/ehp.6723 14998749 PMC1241863 · DOI
  4. [5]Borch J Metzdorff SB Vinggaard AM Brokken L Dalgaard M Mechanisms underlying the anti-androgenic effects of diethylhexyl phthalate in fetal rat testis Toxicology 2006 223 144 155 10.1016/j.tox.2006.03.015 16690193 · DOI
  5. [6]Kim BN Phthalates exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in school-age children Biol. Psychiat. 2009 66 958 963 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.034 19748073 · DOI
  6. [7]Lee BE Prenatal bisphenol A and birth outcomes: MOCEH (Mothers and Children's Environmental Health) study Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2014 217 328 334 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.07.005 23911140 · DOI
  7. [8]Moore RW Rudy TA Lin T-M Ko K Peterson RE Abnormalities of sexual development in male rats with in utero and lactational exposure to the antiandrogenic plasticizer Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Environ. Health Perspect. 2001 109 229 10.1289/ehp.01109229 11333183 PMC1240240 · DOI
  8. [9]Swan SH Environmental phthalate exposure in relation to reproductive outcomes and other health endpoints in humans Environ. Res. 2008 108 177 184 10.1016/j.envres.2008.08.007 18949837 PMC2775531 · DOI
  9. [10]Buckley JP Prenatal phthalate exposures and childhood fat mass in a New York City cohort Environ. Health Perspect. 2016 124 507 513 10.1289/ehp.1509788 26308089 PMC4829985 · DOI
  10. [11]Zhang Y Age and sex-specific relationships between phthalate exposures and obesity in Chinese children at puberty PLoS ONE 2014 9 e104852 10.1371/journal.pone.0104852 25121758 PMC4133266 · DOI · Paper page
  11. [12]Amin MM Association of urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites with cardiometabolic risk factors and obesity in children and adolescents Chemosphere 2018 211 547 556 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.172 30092535 · DOI
  12. [13]Trasande L Attina TM Sathyanarayana S Spanier AJ Blustein J Race/ethnicity-specific associations of urinary phthalates with childhood body mass in a nationally representative sample Environ. Health Perspect. 2013 121 501 506 10.1289/ehp.1205526 23428635 PMC3620751 · DOI
  13. [14]Grün F Blumberg B Endocrine disrupters as obesogens Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2009 304 19 29 10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.018 19433244 PMC2713042 · DOI
  14. [15]Wassenaar PNH Legler J Systematic review and meta-analysis of early life exposure to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and obesity related outcomes in rodents Chemosphere 2017 188 174 181 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.165 28886551 · DOI
  15. [16]Neier K Longitudinal metabolic impacts of perinatal exposure to phthalates and phthalate mixtures in mice Endocrinology 2019 10.1210/en.2019-00287 31125050 PMC6589074 · DOI
  16. [17]Ribeiro C Association between the exposure to phthalates and adiposity: A meta-analysis in children and adults Environ. Res. 2019 179 108780 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108780 31610390 · DOI
  17. [18]Morgan RL Whaley P Thayer KA Schünemann HJ Identifying the PECO: A framework for formulating good questions to explore the association of environmental and other exposures with health outcomes Environ. Int. 2018 121 1027 10.1016/j.envint.2018.07.015 30166065 PMC6908441 · DOI
  18. [20]Koch HM Bolt HM Preuss R Angerer J New metabolites of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in human urine and serum after single oral doses of deuterium-labelled DEHP Arch. Toxicol. 2005 79 367 376 10.1007/s00204-004-0642-4 15700144 · DOI · Paper page
  19. [21]Council NR Phthalates and Cumulative Risk Assessment: The Tasks Ahead 2008 US National Academies Press 25009926
  20. [24]Agay-Shay K Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals during pregnancy and weight at 7 years of age: A multi-pollutant approach Environ. Health Perspect. 2015 123 1030 1037 10.1289/ehp.1409049 25956007 PMC4590760 · DOI
  21. [25]Berman YE The influence of prenatal exposure to phthalates on subsequent male growth and body composition in adolescence Environ. Res. 2020 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110313 33069699 · DOI
  22. [26]Botton J Phthalate pregnancy exposure and male offspring growth from the intra-uterine period to five years of age Environ. Res. 2016 151 601 609 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.033 27596487 PMC7950638 · DOI
  23. [27]Buckley JP Prenatal phthalate exposures and body mass index among 4- to 7-year-old children: A pooled analysis Epidemiology 2016 27 449 458 10.1097/ede.0000000000000436 26745610 PMC4821741 · DOI
  24. [28]Buser MC Murray HE Scinicariello F Age and sex differences in childhood and adulthood obesity association with phthalates: analyses of NHANES 2007–2010 Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2014 217 687 694 10.1016/j.ijheh.2014.02.005 24657244 PMC8114794 · DOI · Paper page
  25. [29]Chang CH The sex-specific association of phthalate exposure with DNA methylation and characteristics of body fat in children Sci. Total Environ. 2020 737 139833 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139833 32526583 · DOI
  26. [30]Deierlein AL Longitudinal associations of phthalate exposures during childhood and body size measurements in young girls Epidemiology 2016 27 492 499 10.1097/ede.0000000000000489 27031039 PMC5524128 · DOI
  27. [31]Heggeseth BC Holland N Eskenazi B Kogut K Harley KG Heterogeneity in childhood body mass trajectories in relation to prenatal phthalate exposure Environ. Res. 2019 175 22 33 10.1016/j.envres.2019.04.036 31102947 PMC6613931 · DOI
  28. [32]Hou JW The effects of phthalate and nonylphenol exposure on body size and secondary sexual characteristics during puberty Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2015 218 603 615 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.06.004 26163779 · DOI
  29. [33]Kim JH Association of diethylhexyl phthalate with obesity-related markers and body mass change from birth to 3 months of age J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2016 70 466 472 10.1136/jech-2015-206315 26834143 PMC4862064 · DOI · Paper page
  30. [34]Kim SH Percentage fractions of urinary di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites: Association with obesity and insulin resistance in Korean girls PLoS ONE 2018 13 e0208081 10.1371/journal.pone.0208081 30481198 PMC6258563 · DOI
  31. [35]Lee DW Prenatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and decreased skeletal muscle mass in 6-year-old children: A prospective birth cohort study Environ. Res. 2020 182 109020 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109020 31863942 · DOI
  32. [36]Maresca MM Prenatal exposure to phthalates and childhood body size in an urban cohort Environ. Health Perspect. 2016 124 514 520 10.1289/ehp.1408750 26069025 PMC4829975 · DOI
  33. [37]Harley KG Association of prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and childhood BMI and obesity Pediatr. Res. 2017 82 405 415 10.1038/pr.2017.112 28426647 PMC5581502 · DOI
  34. [38]Saengkaew T Jantarat C Nosoognoen W Supornsilchai V Association between urinary phthalates and metabolic abnormalities in obese Thai children and adolescents J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. JPEM 2017 30 931 938 10.1515/jpem-2017-0172 28771440 · DOI
  35. [39]Shoaff J Early-life phthalate exposure and adiposity at 8 years of age Environ. Health Perspect. 2017 125 097008 10.1289/EHP1022 28935615 PMC5915197 · DOI
  36. [40]Smerieri A Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites in urine show age-related changes and associations with adiposity and parameters of insulin sensitivity in childhood PLoS ONE 2015 10 e0117831 10.1371/journal.pone.0117831 25706863 PMC4338209 · DOI
  37. [41]Tsai YA Effects of high di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure due to tainted food intake on pre-pubertal growth characteristics in a Taiwanese population Environ. Res. 2016 149 197 205 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.005 27209343 · DOI
  38. [42]Vafeiadi M Association of early life exposure to phthalates with obesity and cardiometabolic traits in childhood: Sex specific associations Front. Public Health 2018 6 327 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00327 30538977 PMC6277685 · DOI
  39. [43]Valvi D Prenatal phthalate exposure and childhood growth and blood pressure: Evidence from the Spanish INMA-sabadell birth cohort study Environ. Health Perspect. 2015 123 1022 1029 10.1289/ehp.1408887 25850106 PMC4590754 · DOI
  40. [44]Vrijheid M Early-life environmental exposures and childhood obesity: An exposome-wide approach Environ. Health Perspect. 2020 128 67009 10.1289/ehp5975 32579081 PMC7313401 · DOI
  41. [45]Wu B Jiang Y Jin X He L Using three statistical methods to analyze the association between exposure to 9 compounds and obesity in children and adolescents: NHANES 2005–2010 Environ. Health Glob. Access Sci. Source 2020 19 94 10.1186/s12940-020-00642-6 PMC7457345 32867766 · DOI
  42. [46]Xia B Phthalate exposure and childhood overweight and obesity: Urinary metabolomic evidence Environ. Int. 2018 121 159 168 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.001 30208345 · DOI
  43. [47]Xie C Elevated phthalates' exposure in children with constitutional delay of growth and puberty Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 2015 407 67 73 10.1016/j.mce.2015.03.006 25770461 · DOI
  44. [48]Zettergren A Exposure to environmental phthalates during preschool age and obesity from childhood to young adulthood Environ Res 2021 192 110249 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110249 32980305 · DOI
  45. [49]Amin MM Association of urinary phthalate metabolites concentrations with body mass index and waist circumference Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2018 25 11143 11151 10.1007/s11356-018-1413-8 29417479 · DOI
  46. [50]Ashley-Martin J Urinary phthalates and body mass index in preschool children: The MIREC Child Development Plus study Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2021 232 113689 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113689 33445101 · DOI
  47. [51]Ding S Relationships between di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism in adolescents: Human data and experimental rat model analyses Environ. Pollut. 2021 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117570 34438493 · DOI
  48. [52]Berger K Prenatal exposure to mixtures of phthalates, parabens, and other phenols and obesity in five-year-olds in the chamacos cohort Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021 18 1 18 10.3390/ijerph18041796 PMC7918439 33673219 · DOI
  49. [53]Li J Trimester-specific and sex-specific effects of prenatal exposure to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on fetal growth, birth size, and early-childhood growth: A longitudinal prospective cohort study Sci. Total Environ. 2021 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146146 33684750 · DOI
  50. [54]Nidens N Associations of prenatal exposure to phthalates and one phthalate substitute with anthropometric measures in early life: Results from the German LIFE Child cohort study Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metabol. 2021 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101532 34238682 · DOI
  51. [55]On J Urinary di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate metabolite ratios in obese children of South Korea Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2021 28 29590 29600 10.1007/s11356-021-12823-y 33559826 · DOI
  52. [56]Silva CCV Phthalate and bisphenol urinary concentrations, body fat measures, and cardiovascular risk factors in dutch school-age children Obesity 2021 29 409 417 10.1002/oby.23082 33491307 PMC7898506 · DOI
  53. [57]Hatch EE Association of urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations with body mass index and waist circumference: a cross-sectional study of NHANES data, 1999–2002 Environ. Health 2008 7 1 15 10.1186/1476-069X-7-27 18522739 PMC2440739 · DOI · Paper page
  54. [59]Bowman, A. et al. Phthalate exposures, DNA methylation and adiposity in Mexican children through adolescence. Front.Public Health10.3389/fpubh.2019.00162 (2019). PMC6593088 31275917
  55. [60]Zhang Y Association between exposure to a mixture of phenols, pesticides, and phthalates and obesity: Comparison of three statistical models Environ. Int. 2019 123 325 336 10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.076 30557812 · DOI
  56. [61]Corbasson I Hankinson SE Stanek EJ Reeves KW Urinary bisphenol-A, phthalate metabolites and body composition in US adults, NHANES 1999–2006 Int. J. Environ. Health Res. 2016 26 606 617 10.1080/09603123.2016.1233524 27643383 · DOI
  57. [62]Stroheker T Evaluation of anti-androgenic activity of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Toxicology 2005 208 115 121 10.1016/j.tox.2004.11.013 15664438 · DOI
  58. [63]White JP Testosterone regulation of Akt/mTORC1/FoxO3a signaling in skeletal muscle Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2013 365 174 186 10.1016/j.mce.2012.10.019 23116773 PMC3529800 · DOI
  59. [64]Sinha I Sinha-Hikim AP Wagers AJ Sinha-Hikim I Testosterone is essential for skeletal muscle growth in aged mice in a heterochronic parabiosis model Cell Tissue Res. 2014 357 815 821 10.1007/s00441-014-1900-2 24859218 PMC4149819 · DOI
  60. [65]Parks LG The plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual differentiation in the male rat Toxicol. Sci. 2000 58 339 349 10.1093/toxsci/58.2.339 11099646 · DOI
  61. [66]Round J Jones DA Honour J Nevill AM Hormonal factors in the development of differences in strength between boys and girls during adolescence: a longitudinal study Ann. Hum. Biol. 1999 26 49 62 10.1080/030144699282976 9974083 · DOI
  62. [67]Huang G Testosterone dose-response relationships in hysterectomized women with and without oophorectomy: Effects on sexual function, body composition, muscle performance and physical function in a randomized trial Menopause (New York, NY) 2014 21 612 10.1097/GME.0000000000000093 PMC4701202 24281237 · DOI · Paper page
  63. [68]Bornehag C-G Prenatal phthalate exposures and anogenital distance in Swedish boys Environ. Health Perspect. 2014 123 101 107 10.1289/ehp.1408163 25353625 PMC4286276 · DOI
  64. [69]Swan SH Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with prenatal phthalate exposure Environ. Health Perspect. 2005 113 1056 1061 10.1289/ehp.8100 16079079 PMC1280349 · DOI · Paper page
  65. [70]Meeker JD Ferguson KK Urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with decreased serum testosterone in men, women, and children from NHANES 2011–2012 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2014 99 4346 4352 10.1210/jc.2014-2555 25121464 PMC4223430 · DOI
  66. [71]Hou WW Tse MA Lam TH Leung GM Schooling CM Adolescent testosterone, muscle mass and glucose metabolism: Evidence from the ‘Children of 1997’ birth cohort in Hong Kong Diabet. Med. 2015 32 505 512 10.1111/dme.12602 25307068 · DOI
  67. [72]Rael LT Phthalate esters used as plasticizers in packed red blood cell storage bags may lead to progressive toxin exposure and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev. 2009 2 166 171 10.4161/oxim.2.3.8608 20592772 PMC2763243 · DOI
  68. [73]Vetrano AM Inflammatory effects of phthalates in neonatal neutrophils Pediatr. Res. 2010 68 134 139 10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181e5c1f7 20453712 PMC2908957 · DOI
  69. [74]Nishioka J Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces production of inflammatory molecules in human macrophages Inflamm. Res. 2012 61 69 78 10.1007/s00011-011-0390-x 22005928 · DOI
  70. [75]Georgantas RW Inhibition of myogenic microRNAs 1, 133, and 206 by inflammatory cytokines links inflammation and muscle degeneration in adult inflammatory myopathies Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 66 1022 1033 10.1002/art.38292 24757153 · DOI
  71. [76]Szewczyk NJ Jacobson LA Signal-transduction networks and the regulation of muscle protein degradation Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2005 37 1997 2011 10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.020 16125109 · DOI
  72. [77]Schiaffino S Dyar KA Ciciliot S Blaauw B Sandri M Mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle growth and atrophy FEBS J. 2013 280 4294 4314 10.1111/febs.12253 23517348 · DOI · Paper page
  73. [78]Huang P-C Characterization of phthalate exposure in relation to serum thyroid and growth hormones, and estimated daily intake levels in children exposed to phthalate-tainted products: A longitudinal cohort study Environ. Pollut. 2020 264 114648 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114648 32380394 · DOI
  74. [79]Boas M Childhood exposure to phthalates: associations with thyroid function, insulin-like growth factor I, and growth Environ. Health Perspect. 2010 118 1458 1464 10.1289/ehp.0901331 20621847 PMC2957929 · DOI
  75. [80]Wu W Exposure to phthalates in children aged 5–7years: Associations with thyroid function and insulin-like growth factors Sci. Total Environ. 2017 579 950 956 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.146 27884522 · DOI
  76. [81]Desvergne B Feige JN Casals-Casas C PPAR-mediated activity of phthalates: A link to the obesity epidemic? Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 2009 304 43 48 10.1016/j.mce.2009.02.017 19433246 · DOI
  77. [82]Hao C Cheng X Xia H Ma X The endocrine disruptor mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate promotes adipocyte differentiation and induces obesity in mice Biosci. Rep. 2013 33 185 10.1042/BSR033e017 PMC3497724 22953781 · DOI
  78. [83]Janesick A Blumberg B Obesogens, stem cells and the developmental programming of obesity Int. J. Androl. 2012 35 437 448 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2012.01247.x 22372658 PMC3358413 · DOI
  79. [84]Morgenstern R Phthalates and thyroid function in preschool age children: sex specific associations Environ. Int. 2017 106 11 18 10.1016/j.envint.2017.05.007 28554096 PMC5533628 · DOI · Paper page
  80. [85]Campbell JL Jr Excretion of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites in urine is related to body mass index because of higher energy intake in the overweight and obese Environ. Int. 2018 113 91 99 10.1016/j.envint.2018.01.023 29421411 · DOI
  81. [86]Juul F Martinez-Steele E Parekh N Monteiro CA Chang VW Ultra-processed food consumption and excess weight among US adults Br. J. Nutr. 2018 120 90 100 10.1017/S0007114518001046 29729673 · DOI · Paper page
  82. [87]Buckley JP Kim H Wong E Rebholz CM Ultra-processed food consumption and exposure to phthalates and bisphenols in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2014 Environ. Int. 2019 131 105057 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105057 31398592 PMC6728187 · DOI
  83. [88]Fay, M., Donohue, J. M. & De Rosa, C. ATSDR evaluation of health effects of chemicals. VI. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Toxicol. Ind. Health15 (1999). 10786378
  84. [89]Fromme H Occurrence and daily variation of phthalate metabolites in the urine of an adult population Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 2007 210 21 33 10.1016/j.ijheh.2006.09.005 17182278 · DOI
  85. [90]Hauser R Meeker JD Park S Silva MJ Calafat AM Temporal variability of urinary phthalate metabolite levels in men of reproductive age Environ. Health Perspect. 2004 112 1734 10.1289/ehp.7212 15579421 PMC1253667 · DOI
  86. [91]Adibi JJ Characterization of phthalate exposure among pregnant women assessed by repeat air and urine samples Environ. Health Perspect. 2008 116 467 10.1289/ehp.10749 18414628 PMC2291011 · DOI
  87. [92]Hines EP Calafat AM Silva MJ Mendola P Fenton SE Concentrations of phthalate metabolites in milk, urine, saliva, and serum of lactating North Carolina women Environ. Health Perspect. 2009 117 86 10.1289/ehp.11610 19165392 PMC2627871 · DOI · Paper page
  88. [93]Hoppin JA Brock JW Davis BJ Baird DD Reproducibility of urinary phthalate metabolites in first morning urine samples Environ. Health Perspect. 2002 110 515 10.1289/ehp.02110515 12003755 PMC1240840 · DOI
  89. [94]Suzuki Y Exposure assessment of phthalate esters in Japanese pregnant women by using urinary metabolite analysis Environ. Health Prev. Med. 2009 14 180 10.1007/s12199-009-0078-9 19568846 PMC2684806 · DOI
  90. [95]Teitelbaum S Temporal variability in urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, phytoestrogens and phenols among minority children in the United States Environ. Res. 2008 106 257 269 10.1016/j.envres.2007.09.010 17976571 · DOI
  91. [96]Faÿs F Is there an optimal sampling time and number of samples for assessing exposure to fast elimination endocrine disruptors with urinary biomarkers? Sci. Total Environ. 2020 747 141185 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141185 32771784 · DOI
  92. [97]Lee D-W Kim M-S Lim Y-H Lee N Hong Y-C Prenatal and postnatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and neurodevelopmental outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis Environ. Res. 2018 167 558 566 10.1016/j.envres.2018.08.023 30145432 · DOI
  93. [98]Becker BJ Wu M-J The synthesis of regression slopes in meta-analysis Stat. Sci. 2007 22 3 414 429 10.1214/07-STS243 · DOI
  94. [99]Factor-Litvak P Persistent associations between maternal prenatal exposure to phthalates on child IQ at age 7 years PLoS ONE 2014 9 e114003 10.1371/journal.pone.0114003 25493564 PMC4262205 · DOI

Authors
Lee, D.-W., Lim, H.-M., Lee, J.-Y., Min, K.-B., Shin, C.-H., Lee, Y.-A., & Hong, Y.-C.
Affiliations
  • Seoul National University (KR)
  • Korea Workers' Compensation and Welfare Service (KR)
Corresponding author
Hong, Yun-Chul
ORCID
Venue
Scientific Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-05-27
Volume
12
Issue
1
Pages
8961-8961
ISSN
2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1038/s41598-022-13154-9
PMC
PMC9142490
OpenAlex
W4281801778
Cited by
36
References
97
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 2
FWCI
0.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
Keywords
phthalates, prenatal exposure, DEHP, body mass index, childhood obesity, body fat percentage, endocrine disruptors, child growth, postnatal exposure
MeSH terms
Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diethylhexyl Phthalate, Female, Humans, Phthalic Acids, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Vitamins, Body Mass Index, Pediatric Obesity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review