CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 40

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Optical excitations of Skyrmions, knotted solitons, and defects in atoms

Parmee, Christopher D., Dennis, Mark R., Ruostekoski, Janne·2022·Communications Physics
DOI 10.1038/s42005-022-00829-y
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Analogies between non-trivial topologies of matter and light have inspired numerous studies, including defect formation in structured light and topological photonic band structures. Three-dimensional topological objects of localised particle-like nature attract broad interest across discipline boundaries from elementary particle physics and cosmology to condensed matter physics. Here we propose how simple structured light beams can be transformed into optical excitations of atoms with considerably more complex topologies representing three-dimensional particle-like Skyrmions. This construction can also be described in terms of linked Hopf maps, analogous to knotted solitons of the Skyrme-Faddeev model. We identify the transverse polarisation density current as the effective magnetic gauge potential for the Chern-Simons helicity term. While we prepare simpler two-dimensional baby-Skyrmions and singular defects using the traditional Stokes vectors on the Poincaré sphere for light, particle-like topologies can only be achieved in the full optical hypersphere description that no longer discards the variation of the total electromagnetic phase of vibration.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1038/s42005-022-00829-y

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Optical skyrmions can interact with magnetic skyrmions, allowing a route to manipulate these magnetic particles.

    “Optical skyrmions can interact with magnetic skyrmions allowing for a route to manipulate these magnetic particles [103][104][105].”

    From Optical skyrmions and other topological quasiparticles of light (2024) · cites this paper as [105]

    The Baby-Skyrmions section describes optical fields used to prepare skyrmionic textures in an atomic ensemble, and the 3D Skyrmions section discusses light–matter coupling. Neither the supplied passages nor searches for magnetic-skyrmion interaction and manipulation address optical skyrmions interacting with magnetic skyrmions to manipulate them. No page numbers were provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The space of continuous maps from S2 to S2 is partitioned into equivalence classes, where maps in the same class can be continuously deformed into each other and maps in distinct classes cannot.

    “An important corollary of the existence of a topological invariant is that the space of continuous maps is partitioned into equivalence classes [40].Any two maps in the same class can be continuously deformed into each other, while this is not possible for maps in distinct classes [40].”

    From Non-local skyrmions as topologically resilient quantum entangled states of light (2024) · cites this paper as [40]

  • Skyrmions can be driven by the skyrmion Hall effect, spin-orbit torque, and light.

    “and can be driven by the skyrmion Hall effect [61,62], spin-orbit torque [99,100], and even the light [101][102][103][104][105].”

    From Optical skyrmions and other topological quasiparticles of light (2024) · cites this paper as [105]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 68

  1. Thomson, W. 4. On vortex atoms. Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. 6, 94–105 (1869). · DOI
  2. Volovik, G. E. The Universe in a Helium Droplet (Oxford University Press, 2003).
  3. Forbes, A., de Oliveira, M. & Dennis, M. R. Structured light. Nat. Phot. 15, 253–262 (2021). · DOI
  4. Leach, J., Dennis, M. R., Courtial, J. & Padgett, M. J. Knotted threads of darkness. Nature 432, 165–165 (2004). · DOI
  5. Dennis, M. R., King, R. P., Jack, B., Oholleran, K. & Padgett, M. J. Isolated optical vortex knots. Nat. Phys. 6, 118–121 (2010). · DOI
  6. Kedia, H., Bialynicki-Birula, I., Peralta-Salas, D. & Irvine, W. T. M. Tying knots in light fields. Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 150404 (2013). · DOI
  7. Larocque, H. et al. Reconstructing the topology of optical polarization knots. Nat. Phys. 14, 1079–1082 (2018). · DOI
  8. Bauer, T. et al. Observation of optical polarization Möbius strips. Science 347, 964–966 (2015). · DOI
  9. Skyrme, T. H. R. A non-linear field theory. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 260, 127–138 (1961). · DOI
  10. Manton, N. & Sutcliffe, P. Topological Solitons (Cambridge University Press, 2004). · DOI
  11. Battye, R. A. & Sutcliffe, P. M. Symmetric skyrmions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 363–366 (1997). · DOI
  12. Battye, R. A., Manton, N. S., Sutcliffe, P. M. & Wood, S. W. Light nuclei of even mass number in the Skyrme model. Phys. Rev. C. 80, 034323 (2009). · DOI
  13. Donoghue, J. F., Golowich, E. & Holstein, B. R. Dynamics of the Standard Model. Cambridge Monographs on Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Cosmology 2nd edn (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
  14. Radu, E. & Volkov, M. S. Stationary ring solitons in field theory—knots and vortons. Phys. Rep. 468, 101 – 151 (2008). · DOI
  15. Volovik, G. E. & Mineev, V. P. Particle-like solitons in superfluid 3He phases. Sov. J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 46, 401 (1977).
  16. Shankar, R. Applications of topology to the study of ordered systems. J. Phys. 38, 1405–1412 (1977). · DOI
  17. Ruostekoski, J. & Anglin, J. R. Creating vortex rings and three-dimensional skyrmions in Bose-Einstein condensates. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3934 (2001). · DOI
  18. Al Khawaja, U. & Stoof, H. Skyrmions in a ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate. Nature 411, 918–920 (2001). · DOI
  19. Battye, R. A., Cooper, N. R. & Sutcliffe, P. M. Stable skyrmions in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 080401 (2002). · DOI
  20. Savage, C. M. & Ruostekoski, J. Energetically stable particlelike skyrmions in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 010403 (2003). · DOI
  21. Ruostekoski, J. Stable particlelike solitons with multiply quantized vortex lines in Bose-Einstein condensates. Phys. Rev. A 70, 041601 (2004). · DOI
  22. Kawakami, T., Mizushima, T., Nitta, M. & Machida, K. Stable skyrmions in SU(2) gauged Bose-Einstein condensates. Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 015301 (2012). · DOI
  23. Tiurev, K. et al. Three-dimensional skyrmions in spin-2 Bose–Einstein condensates. N. J. Phys. 20, 055011 (2018). · DOI
  24. Faddeev, L. & Niemi, A. J. Stable knot-like structures in classical field theory. Nature 387, 58–61 (1997). · DOI
  25. Battye, R. A. & Sutcliffe, P. M. Knots as stable soliton solutions in a three-dimensional classical field theory. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4798–4801 (1998). · DOI
  26. Sutcliffe, P. Skyrmion knots in frustrated magnets. Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 247203 (2017). · DOI
  27. Hietarinta, J. & Salo, P. Faddeev-Hopf knots: dynamics of linked un-knots. Phys. Lett. B 451, 60–67 (1999). · DOI
  28. Babaev, E., Faddeev, L. D. & Niemi, A. J. Hidden symmetry and knot solitons in a charged two-condensate Bose system. Phys. Rev. B 65, 100512 (2002). · DOI
  29. Hall, D. S. et al. Tying quantum knots. Nat. Phys. 12, 478–483 (2016). · DOI
  30. Lee, W. et al. Synthetic electromagnetic knot in a three-dimensional skyrmion. Sci. Adv. 4, 1–8 (2018). · DOI
  31. Ackerman, P. J. & Smalyukh, I. I. Diversity of knot solitons in liquid crystals manifested by linking of preimages in torons and hopfions. Phys. Rev. X 7, 011006 (2017).
  32. Sugic, D. et al. Particle-like topologies in light. Nat. Commun. 12, 6785 (2020). · DOI · Paper page
  33. Borgh, M. O., Nitta, M. & Ruostekoski, J. Stable core symmetries and confined textures for a vortex line in a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 085301 (2016). · DOI
  34. Anderson, P. W. & Toulouse, G. Phase slippage without vortex cores: Vortex textures in superfluid 3He. Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 508–511 (1977). · DOI
  35. Chechetkin, V. R. Types of vortex solutions in superfluid He-3. Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 71, 1463 (1976).
  36. Mermin, N. D. & Ho, T.-L. Circulation and angular momentum in the a phase of superfluid Helium-3. Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 594–597 (1976). · DOI
  37. Mühlbauer, S. et al. Skyrmion lattice in a chiral magnet. Science 323, 915–919 (2009). · DOI
  38. Nagaosa, N. & Tokura, Y. Topological properties and dynamics of magnetic skyrmions. Nat. Nanotech. 8, 899–911 (2013). · DOI
  39. Leanhardt, A. E., Shin, Y., Kielpinski, D., Pritchard, D. E. & Ketterle, W. Coreless vortex formation in a spinor Bose–Einstein condensate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 140403 (2003). · DOI
  40. Leslie, L. S., Hansen, A., Wright, K. C., Deutsch, B. M. & Bigelow, N. P. Creation and detection of skyrmions in a Bose-Einstein condensate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 250401 (2009). · DOI
  41. Choi, J., Kwon, W. J. & Shin, Y. Observation of topologically stable 2D skyrmions in an antiferromagnetic spinor Bose–Einstein condensate. Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 035301 (2012). · DOI
  42. Weiss, L. S. et al. Controlled creation of a singular spinor vortex by circumventing the Dirac belt trick. Nat. Commun. 10, 4772 (2019). · DOI
  43. Ho, T.-L. Spinor Bose condensates in optical traps. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 742–745 (1998). · DOI
  44. Ohmi, T. & Machida, K. Bose-Einstein condensation with internal degrees of freedom in alkali atom gases. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 67, 1822–1825 (1998). · DOI
  45. Mizushima, T., Machida, K. & Kita, T. Mermin–Ho vortex in ferromagnetic spinor Bose–Einstein condensates. Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 030401 (2002). · DOI
  46. Lovegrove, J., Borgh, M. O. & Ruostekoski, J. Energetic stability of coreless vortices in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with conserved magnetization. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 075301 (2014). · DOI
  47. Cilibrizzi, P. et al. Half-skyrmion spin textures in polariton microcavities. Phys. Rev. B 94, 045315 (2016). · DOI
  48. Donati, S. et al. Twist of generalized skyrmions and spin vortices in a polariton superfluid. PNAS 113, 14926–14931 (2016). · DOI
  49. Król, M. et al. Observation of second-order meron polarization textures in optical microcavities. Optica 8, 255–261 (2021). · DOI · Paper page
  50. Dominici, L. et al. Full-Bloch beams and ultrafast Rabi-rotating vortices. Phys. Rev. Res. 3, 013007 (2021). · DOI
  51. Du, L., Yang, A., Zayats, A. V. & Yuan, X. Deep-subwavelength features of photonic skyrmions in a confined electromagnetic field with orbital angular momentum. Nat. Phys. 15, 650–654 (2019). · DOI · Paper page
  52. Gao, S. et al. Paraxial skyrmionic beams. Phys. Rev. A 102, 053513 (2020). · DOI · Paper page
  53. Gutiérrez-Cuevas, R. & Pisanty, E. Optical polarization skyrmionic fields in free space. J. Opt. 23, 024004 (2021). · DOI
  54. Bliokh, K. Y., Alonso, M. A. & Dennis, M. R. Geometric phases in 2D and 3D polarized fields: geometrical, dynamical, and topological aspects. Rep. Prog. Phys. 82, 122401 (2019). · DOI
  55. Beckley, A. M., Brown, T. G. & Alonso, M. A. Full Poincaré beams. Opt. Express 18, 10777–10785 (2010). · DOI · Paper page
  56. Born, M. & Wolf, E. Principles of Optics 7th edn (Cambridge University Press, 1999).
  57. Jackson, J. D. Classical Electrodynamics 3rd edn (Wiley, 1999). · DOI · Paper page
  58. Jackiw, R. & Pi, S.-Y. Creation and evolution of magnetic helicity. Phys. Rev. D. 61, 105015 (2000). · DOI
  59. Ruostekoski, J. & Dutton, Z. Engineering vortex rings and systems for controlled studies of vortex interactions in Bose-Einstein condensates. Phys. Rev. A 72, 063626 (2005). · DOI
  60. Gerbier, F., Widera, A., Fölling, S., Mandel, O. & Bloch, I. Resonant control of spin dynamics in ultracold quantum gases by microwave dressing. Phys. Rev. A 73, 041602 (2006). · DOI
  61. Hopf, H. Über die Abbildungen der dreidimensionalen Sphäre auf die Kugelfläche. Math. Ann. 104, 637–665 (1931). · DOI
  62. Gudnason, S. B. & Nitta, M. Linking number of vortices as baryon number. Phys. Rev. D. 101, 065011 (2020). · DOI
  63. Berry, M. V. & Dennis, M. R. Knotting and unknotting of phase singularities: Helmholtz waves, paraxial waves and waves in 2+1 spacetime. J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34, 8877–8888 (2001). · DOI
  64. Lopez-Mago, D. On the overall polarisation properties of Poincaré beams. J. Opt. 21, 115605 (2019). · DOI
  65. Ruostekoski, J. & Javanainen, J. Quantum field theory of cooperative atom response: low light intensity. Phys. Rev. A 55, 513–526 (1997). · DOI
  66. Lee, M. D., Jenkins, S. D. & Ruostekoski, J. Stochastic methods for light propagation and recurrent scattering in saturated and nonsaturated atomic ensembles. Phys. Rev. A 93, 063803 (2016). · DOI
  67. Adkins, G. S., Nappi, C. R. & Witten, E. Static properties of nucleons in the Skyrme model. Nuc. Phys. B 228, 552–566 (1983). · DOI
  68. Facchinetti, G. & Ruostekoski, J. Interaction of light with planar lattices of atoms: Reflection, transmission, and cooperative magnetometry. Phys. Rev. A 97, 023833 (2018). · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Parmee, C. D., Dennis, M. R., & Ruostekoski, J.
Venue
Communications Physics
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2022-03-14
Volume
5
Issue
1
ISSN
2399-3650
DOI
10.1038/s42005-022-00829-y
Cited by
40
References
2
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2022-04-04)
Licence
Funders
RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/S002952/1, EP/P026133/1, EP/S02297X/1)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review