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Causes of oral cancer–an appraisal of controversies
Open accessAbstract
Major risk factors for oral cancer are cigarette smoking and alcohol misuse. Among Asian populations, regular use of betel quid (with or without added tobacco) increases oral cancer risks. Dentists should be aware of some emerging risk factors for oral, and particularly oropharyngeal cancer such as the role of the human papillomavirus infection (HPV). Decreases in risk could be achieved by encouraging high fruit and vegetable consumption. Some controversies related to the aetiology of this disease also need clarification. The objective of this paper is to provide an opinion on these debated controversies.
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“In many high-income countries human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is responsible for a steep rise in incidence of oro-pharyngeal cancers among young people.28”
From Oral diseases: a global public health challenge (2019) · cites this paper as [28]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Warnakulasuriya, S.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Warnakulasuriya, S.
- ORCID
- Warnakulasuriya, S.
- Venue
- British Dental Journal
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 207
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 471-475
- ISSN
- 0007-0610 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-5373
- OpenAlex
- W1984452143
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 12.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- BDJ (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Otorhinolaryngology › Head and Neck Cancer Studies
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Oral Health Pathology and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › HIV/AIDS oral health manifestations
- Keywords
- oral cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, cancer etiology, risk factors, cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, betel quid, human papillomavirus, fruit and vegetable intake, Asian populations
- MeSH terms
- Alcohol Drinking, Areca, Cannabis, Dental Deposits, Diet, Ethnicity, Humans, Immunosuppressive Agents, Mouth Neoplasms, Mouthwashes, Nicotine, Oropharyngeal Neoplasms, Tobacco Products, Nicotiana, HIV Infections, Air Pollution, Indoor, Polyomavirus Infections, Catha, Ilex paraguariensis, Heredity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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