Human papillomavirus infection in women with and without cervical cancer in Karachi, Pakistan
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: No data exist on the population prevalence of, or risk factors for, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in predominantly Muslim countries in Asia. METHODS: Cervical specimens were obtained from 899 married women aged 15-59 years from the general population of Karachi, Pakistan and from 91 locally diagnosed invasive cervical cancers (ICCs). HPV was detected using a GP5+/6+ PCR-based assay. RESULTS: The prevalence of HPV in the general population was 2.8%, with no evidence of higher HPV prevalence in young women. The positivity of HPV was associated with women's lifetime number of sexual partners, but particularly with the age difference between spouses and other husbands' characteristics, such as extramarital sexual relationships and regular absence from home. The HPV16/18 accounted for 24 and 88% of HPV-positive women in the general population and ICC, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cervical cancer prevention policies should take into account the low HPV prevalence and low acceptability of gynaecological examination in this population.
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In Pakistan, HPV 16 and 18 account for 45.1-94.9% and 1.7-43.1% of ICC cases respectively.
“In Pakistan, HPV 16 and 18 accounts for 45.1–94.9% and 1.7–43.1% of ICC cases respectively [21–24].”
From HPV Genotypes distribution in Indian women with and without cervical carcinoma: Implication for HPV vaccination program in Odisha, Eastern India (2017) · cites this paper as [23]
The Results report that HPV16 and HPV18 were found in 75.8% and 6.6% of ICC cases, respectively, in the Karachi study. Both figures fall within the cited ranges, but this paper does not establish the ranges or their endpoints for Pakistan. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Senapati, R., Nayak, B., Kar, S. K., & Dwibedi, B. (2017) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2136-4 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
- Authors
- Raza, S. A., Franceschi, S., Pallardy, S., Malik, F. R., Avan, B. I., Zafar, A., Ali, S. H., Pervez, S., Serajuddaula, S., Snijders, P. J. F., van Kemenade, F. J., Meijer, C. J. L. M., Shershah, S., & Clifford, G. M.
- Affiliations
- Aga Khan University (PK)
- Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (FR)
- University of Aberdeen (GB)
- Ziauddin University (PK)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Clifford, G M
- Venue
- British Journal of Cancer
- Published
- 2010-04-20
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1657-1660
- ISSN
- 0007-0920 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-1827
- PMC
- PMC2883157
- OpenAlex
- W2159765196
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- www.springer.com/tdm (unspecified)
- Locations
- British Journal of Cancer (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- LSHTM Research Online (London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine) (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (35537)
- Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer
- Institut National Du Cancer
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Keywords
- human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, HPV prevalence, risk factors, sexual partners, age gap between spouses, HPV16, HPV 18, cervical cancer prevention, Muslim women, Karachi
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Uterine Cervical Dysplasia, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Cervix Uteri, DNA, Viral, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Pakistan, Vaginal Smears, Prevalence, Papillomaviridae, Papillomavirus Infections, Young Adult
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