The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hypothesis: Phenol and hydroquinone derived mainly from diet and gastrointestinal flora activity are causal factors in leukemia
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition, various possible leukaemogens other than benzene, such as urethane, styrene, naphthalene, nitrosamines or radioactive components may act through the production of chromosomal defects (Hecht & Hoffmann, 1988;Wallace, 1989;McDonald et al., 2001).”
From Anaemia and cigarette smoking (2008) · cites this paper as McDonald et al., 2001
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Causes of Cancer: Quantitative Estimates of Avoidable Risks of Cancer in the United States Today
Doll, R., & Peto, R. (1981) · JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/66.6.1192 · Cited by 3,927
Mcbain, A. J., & Macfarlane, G. T. (1998) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00222615-47-5-407 · Cited by 179
(1985) · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-4948-5 · Cited by 112
Research works printed but not linked: 103
- Reis LAG, Kosary CL, Hankey BF, Miller BA, Harras A, Edwards BK . SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1973–1994 National Cancer Institute: Bethesda 1997 97–2789
- Sandler DP, Ross JA . Epidemiology of acute leukemia in children and adults Semin Oncol 1997 24: 3–16
- Smith MT . The mechanism of benzene-induced leukemia: a hypothesis and speculations on the causes of leukemia Environ Health Perspect 1996 104: (Suppl. 6) 1219–1225
- Ross D . Metabolic basis of benzene toxicity Eur J Haematol Suppl 1996 60: 111–118 · DOI
- Rothman N, Smith MT, Hayes RB, Traver RD, Hoener B-A, Campleman S, Li G-L, Dosemeci M, Linet M, Zhang L, Xi L, Wacholder S, Lu W, Meyer KB, Titenko-Holland N, Stewart JT, Yin S, Ross D . Benzene poisoning, a risk factor for hematological malignancy, is associated with the NQO1 609C forward T mutation and rapid fractional excretion of chlorzoxazone Cancer Res 1997 57: 2839–2842
- Larson RA, Wang Y, Banerjee M, Wiemels J, Hartford C, Le Beau MM, Smith MT . Prevalence of the inactivating 609C → T polymorphism in the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) gene in patients with primary and therapy-related myeloid leukemia Blood 1999 94: 803–807 · DOI
- Wiemels JL, Pagnamenta A, Taylor GM, Eden OB, Alexander FE, Greaves MF . A lack of a functional NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase allele is selectively associated with pediatric leukemias that have MLL fusions Cancer Res 1999 59: 4095–4099
- Wang Y, Morgan G, Wiemels JL, Kane E, Roman E, Cartwright R, Smith MT . The NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) C609T inactivating polymorphism is associated with adult leukemia Blood 1999 94: (10 Suppl. 1 Part 1) 76a (Abstr.) · DOI · Paper page
- Hursting SD, Margolin BH, Switzer BR . Diet and human leukemia: an analysis of international data Prev Med 1993 22: 409–422 · DOI
- Peters JM, Preston-Martin S, London SJ, Bowman JD, Buckley JD, Thomas DC . Processed meats and risk of childhood leukemia (California, USA) Cancer Causes Control 1994 5: 195–202 · DOI
- McKinney PA, Juszczak E, Findlay E, Smith K, Thomson CS . Pre- and perinatal risk factors for childhood leukaemia and other malignancies: a Scottish case control study Br J Cancer 1999 80: 1844–1851 · DOI
- Sepp E, Julge K, Vasar M, Naaber P, Bjorksten B, Mikelsaar M . Intestinal microflora of Estonian and Swedish infants Acta Paediatrica 1997 86: 956–961 · DOI
- Bennet R, Eriksson M, Tafari N, Nord CE . Intestinal Bacteria of newborn Ethiopian infants in relation to antibiotic treatment and colonisation by potentially pathogenic gram-negative bacteria Scan J Infect Dis 1991 23: 63–69 · DOI
- Shu XO, Linet MS, Steinbuch M, Wen WQ, Buckley JD, Neglia JP, Potter JD, Reaman GH, Robison LL . Breast-feeding and risk of childhood acute leukemia J Natl Cancer Inst 1999 91: 1765–1772. · DOI
- Adlerberth I, Carlsson B, de Man P, Jalil F, Khan SR, Larsson P, Mellander L, Svanborg C, Wold AE, Hanson LA . Intestinal colonization with Enterobacteriaceae in Pakistani and Swedish hospital-delivered infants Acta Paediatr Scand 1991 80: 602–610 · DOI
- Low LK, Lambert CE, Meeks JR, Naro PA, Mackerer CR . Tissue-specific metabolism of benzene in Zymbal gland and other solid tumor target tissues in rats J Am Coll Toxicol 1995 14: 40–60 · DOI
- Twerdok LE, Trush MA . Differences in quinone reductase activity in primary bone marrow stromal cells derived from C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 1990 67: 375–386
- Twerdok LE, Trush MA . Studies on biochemical determinants of quinone-induced toxicity in primary murine bone marrow stromal cells Adv Exp Med Biol 1991 283: 843–846 · DOI
- Subrahmanyam VV, Ross D, Eastmond DA, Smith MT . Potential role of free radicals in benzene-induced myelotoxicity and leukemia Free Rad Biol Med 1991 11: 495–515 · DOI
- Irons RD, Stillman WS . The effects of benzene and other leukaemogenic agents on haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation Eur J Haematol 1996 57: (Suppl. 60) 119–124 · DOI
- Hazel BA, Kalf GF . Induction of granulocytic differentiation in myeloblasts by hydroquinone, a metabolite of benzene, involves the leukotriene D4 receptor Recept Signal Transduct 1996 6: 1–12
- Wiemels J, Smith MT . Enhancement of myeloid cell growth by benzene metabolites via the production of active oxygen species Free Radic Res 1999 30: 93–103 · DOI
- Eastmond DA, Smith MT, Irons RD . An interaction of benzene metabolites reproduces the myelotoxicity observed with benzene exposure Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1987 91: 85–95 · DOI
- Guy RL, Dimitriadis EA, Hu PD, Cooper KR, Snyder R . Interactive inhibition of erythroid 59Fe utilization by benzene metabolites in female mice Chem Biol Interact 1990 74: 55–62 · DOI
- Chen H, Eastmond DA . Synergistic increase in chromosomal breakage within the euchromatin induced by an interaction of the benzene metabolites phenol and hydroquinone in mice Carcinogenesis (Oxford) 1995 16: 1963–1969 · DOI
- Felix CA . Secondary leukemias induced by topoisomerase-targeted drugs Biochim Biophys Acta 1998 1400: 233–255 · DOI
- Barale R, Marrazzini A, Betti C, Vangelisti V, Loprieno N, Barrai I . Gentoxicity of two metabolites of benzene: phenol and hydroquinone show strong synergistic effects in vivo Mutat Res 1990 244: 15–20 · DOI
- Kolachana P, Subrahmanyam VV, Meyer KB, Zhang L, Smith MT . Benzene and its phenolic metabolites produce oxidative DNA damage in HL60 cells in vitro and in the bone marrow in vivo Cancer Res 1993 53: 1023–1026
- Lévay G, Bodell WJ . Potentiation of DNA adduct formation in HL-60 cells by combinations of benzene metabolites Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992 89: 7105–7109 · DOI
- Wiemels J, Wiencke JK, Varykoni A, Smith MT . Modulation of the toxicity and macromolecular binding of benzene metabolites by NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase in transfected HL-60 cells Chem Res Toxicol 1999 12: 467–475 · DOI
- Zhang L, Smith M, Bandy G, Tamaki S, Aj D . Role of quinones, active oxygen species and metals in the genotoxicity of 1,2,4-benzenetriol, a metabolites of benzene. In: Nohl H, Esterbauer H, Rice-Evans C (eds) Free Radicals in the Environment, and Toxicology Richelieu Press: London 1994 521–562
- DeCaprio AP . The toxicology of hydroquinone – relevance to occupational and environmental exposure Crit Rev Toxicol 1999 29: 283–330 · DOI
- Harrison CJ . The management of patients with leukaemia: the role of cytogenetics in this molecular era Br J Haematol 2000 108: 19–30 · DOI
- Rowley JD . The role of chromosome translocations in leukemogenesis Semin Hematol 1999 36: (4 Suppl. 7) 59–72
- Smith MT, Zhang L . Biomarkers of leukemia risk: benzene as a model Environ Health Perspect 1998 106: (Suppl. 4) 937–946
- Smith MT, Zhang L, Jeng M, Wang Y, Guo W, Duramad P, Hubbard AE, Hofstadler G, Holland NT . Hydroquinone, a benzene metabolite, increases the level of aneusomy of chromosomes 7 and 8 in human CD34-positive blood progenitor cells Carcinogenesis 2000 21: 1485–1490 · DOI
- Zhang L, Wang Y, Shang N, Smith MT . Benzene metabolites induce the loss and long arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7 in human lymphocytes Leuk Res 1998 22: 105–113 · DOI
- Zhang L, Rothman N, Wang Y, Smith MT . Increased aneusomy and long arm deletion of chromosomes 5 and 7 in the lymphocytes of Chinese workers exposed to benzene Carcinogenesis 1998 19: 1955–1961 · DOI
- Bodell WJ, Pathak DN, Lévay G, Ye Q, Pongracz K . Investigation of the DNA adducts formed in B6C3F1 mice treated with benzene: implications for molecular dosimetry Environ Health Perspect 1996 104: (Suppl. 6) 1189–1193
- Chen H, Eastmond DA . Topoisomerase inhibition by phenolic metabolites: a potential mechanism for benzene's clastogenic effects Carcinogenesis (Oxford) 1995 16: 2301–2307 · DOI
- Smith MT, Zhang L, Wang Y, Hayes RB, Li G, Wiemels J, Dosemeci M, Titenko-Holland N, Xi L, Kolachana P, Yin S, Rothman N . Increased translocations and aneusomy in chromosomes 8 and 21 among workers exposed to benzene Cancer Res 1998 58: 2176–2181
- Smith MT, Fanning EW . Report on the workshop entitled: ‘Modeling Chemically Induced Leukemia – Implications for Benzene Risk Assessment’ (Yountville, California, USA, February 11–13, 1996) Leukemia Res 1997 21: 361–374 · DOI
- MacEachern L, Laskin DL . Bone marrow phagocytes, inflammatory mediators, and benzene toxicity. In: Schook LB, Laskin DL (eds) Xenobiotic Inflammation Academic Press: San Diego 1994 pp 149–171 · DOI
- Snyder R, Kalf GF . A perspective on benzene leukemogenesis Crit Rev Toxicol 1994 24: 177–209 · DOI
- Walkley JE, Pagnotto LH, Elkins HB . The measurement of phenol in urine as an index of benzene exposure Am Ind Hyg Assoc 1961 22: 362–367 · DOI
- Van Haaften AB, Sie ST . The measurement of phenol in urine by gas chromatography as a check on benzene exposure J Am Ind Hyg Assoc 1965 26: 52–58 · DOI
- Docter HJ, Zielhuis RL . Phenol excretion as a measure of benzene exposure Ann Occ Hyg 1967 10: 317–326
- Inoue O, Seiji K, Kasahara M, Nakatsuka H, Watanabe T, Yin SG, Li GL, Cai SX, Jin C, Ikeda M . Determination of catechol and quinol in the urine of workers exposed to benzene Br J Ind Med 1988 45: 487–492
- Inoue O, Seiji K, Kasahara M, Nakatsuka H, Watanabe T, Yin SG, Li GL, Jin C, Cai SX, Wang XZ . Quantitative relation of urinary phenol levels to breathzone benzene concentrations: a factory survey Br J Ind Med 1986 43: 692–697
- Rothman N, Bechtold WE, Yin SN, Dosemeci M, Li GL, Wang YZ, Griffith WC, Smith MT, Hayes RB . Urinary excretion of phenol, catechol, hydroquinone, and muconic acid by workers occupationally exposed to benzene Occ Environ Med 1998 55: 705–711 · DOI
- Ong CN, Kok PW, Lee BL, Shi CY, Ong HY, Chia KS, Lee CS, Luo XW . Evaluation of biomarkers for occupational exposure to benzene Occ Environ Med 1995 52: 528–533 · DOI
- Bone E, Tamm A, Hill M . The production of urinary phenols by gut bacteria and their possible role in the causation of large bowel cancer Am J Clin Nutr 1976 29: 1448–1454 · DOI · Paper page
- Roush GJ, Ott MG . A study of benzene exposure versus urinary phenol levels Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1977 38: 67–75 · DOI
- Adlkofer F, Scherer G, Conze C, Angerer J, Lehnert G . Significance of exposure to benzene and other toxic compounds through environmental tobacco smoke J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1990 116: 591–598 · DOI
- Bures J, Jergeová Z, Sobotka L, Cervenka B, Malír F, Horácek J, Zadák Z, Komárková O, Fixa B . (Excretion of phenol and p-cresol in the urine in fasting obese individuals and in persons treated with total enteral nutrition ) Casopis Lekaru Ceskych 1990 129: 1166–1171
- Bures J, Malír F, Sobotka L, Jergeová Z, Zadák Z, Horácek J, Cervenka B, Komárková O . (Urinary excretion of phenol in Crohn disease during total parenteral nutrition ) Casopis Lekaru Ceskych 1990 129: 123–125
- Ling WH, Hänninen O . Shifting from a conventional diet to an uncooked vegan diet reversibly alters fecal hydrolytic activities in humans J Nutr 1992 122: 924–930 · DOI
- Pekari K, Vainiotalo S, Heikkilä P, Palotie A, Luotamo M, Riihimäki V . Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to low levels of benzene Scand J Work Environ Health 1992 18: 317–322 · DOI
- Deisinger PJ, Hill TS, English JC . Human exposure to naturally occurring hydroquinone J Toxicol Environ Health 1996 47: 31–46 · DOI
- Smith EA, Macfarlane GT . Enumeration of human colonic bacteria producing phenolic and indolic compounds: effects of pH, carbohydrate availability and retention time on dissimilatory aromatic amino acid metabolism J Appl Bacteriol 1996 81: 288–302 · DOI
- Bakke OM . Urinary simple phenols in rats fed diets containing different amounts of casein and 10 per cent tyrosine J Nutr 1969 98: 217–221 · DOI
- Bakke OM . Urinary simple phenols in rats fed purified and nonpurified diets J Nutr 1969 98: 209–216 · DOI
- Bechtold WE, Strunk MR, Thornton-Manning JR, Henderson R . Polyphenolic metabolites in the blood and bone marrow of mice exposed to low levels of benzene Abst Papers Am Chem Soc 1996 212: TOXI 22 (Abstr)
- McDonald TA, Waidyanatha S, Rappaport SM . Measurement of adducts of benzoquinone with hemoglobin and albumin Carcinogenesis 1993 14: 1927–1932 · DOI
- Waidyanatha S, Yeowell-O'Connell K, Rappaport SM . Albumin and hemoglobin adducts of 1,2- and 1,4-benzoquinone in (14C/13C6) benzene-dosed rats Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res Ann Meeting 1998 39: 333 (Abstr)
- McDonald TA, Yeowell-O'Connell K, Rappaport SM . Comparison of protein adducts of benzene oxide and benzoquinone in the blood and bone marrow of rats and mice exposed to (14C/13C6) benzene Cancer Res 1994 54: 4907–4914
- Reddy MV, Schultz SC, Blackburn GR, Mackerer CR . Lack of DNA adduct formation in mice treated with benzene Mutat Res 1994 325: 149–155 · DOI
- Orii S, Sugai T, Nakano O, Yoshinari H, Sato S . Acute promyelocytic leukemia in Crohn's disease. Case report and review of the literature J Clin Gastroenterol 1991 13: 325–327 · DOI
- Puig CM, Driscoll CL, Kern EB . Sluder's sphenopalatine ganglion neuralgia – treatment with 88% phenol Am J Rhinol 1998 12: 113–118 · DOI
- Guliaev AA, Shapovaliants SG, Burova VA . Obliteration of gallbladder lumen in patients with high operation risk Khirurgiia 1998 9: 42–44
- Yoon ES, Ahn DS . Report of phenol peel for Asians Plast Reconstr Surg 1999 103: 207–214 · DOI
- Rahn ML, Lazar LG . Phenol matricectomy in patients with diabetes J Foot Ankle Surg 1997 36: 464–465 · DOI
- Fishbeck WA, Langner RR, Kociba RJ . Elevated urinary phenol levels not related to benzene exposure Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1975 36: 820–824 · DOI
- Carmella SG, La Voie EJ, Hecht SS . Quantitative analysis of catechol and 4-methylcatechol in human urine Food Chem Toxicol 1982 20: 587–590 · DOI
- Hoffmann D, Wynder EL . Chemical constituents and bioactivity of tobacco smoke IARC Sci Publ 1986 314: 145–165
- Hawthorne SB, Krieger MS, Miller DJ, Mathiason MB . Collection and quantitation of methoxylated phenol tracers for atmospheric pollution from residential wood stoves Environ Sci Tech 1989 23: 470–475 · DOI
- Haufroid V, Hotz P, Carbonnelle P, Lauwerys R . Relationships between smoking habits, smoking-associated hematological changes, and urinary benzene metabolites J Toxicol Environ Health 1997 52: 1–17
- McLaughlin JK, Hrubec Z, Linet MS, Heineman EF, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF Jr . Cigarette smoking and leukemia J Natl Cancer Inst 1989 81: 1262–1263 · DOI · Paper page
- Garfinkel L, Boffetta P . Association between smoking and leukemia in two American Cancer Society prospective studies Cancer 1990 65: 2356–2360 · DOI
- Scheline RR . Metabolism of phenolic acids by the rat intestinal microflora Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1968 26: 189–205 · DOI
- Scheline RR . The decarboxylation of some phenolic acids by the rat Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1966 24: 275–285 · DOI
- Draths KM, Frost JW . Conversion of D-glucose into catechol: the not-so-common pathway of aromatic biosynthesis J Am Chem Soc 1991 113: 9361–9363 · DOI
- Marteau P, Pochart M, Bouhnik Y, Rambaud JC . The fate and effects of transiting, nonpathogenic microorganisms in the human intestine World Rev Nutr Diet 1993 74: 1–21 · DOI
- Maier BR, Flynn MA, Burton GC, Tsutakawa RK, Hentges DJ . Effects of a high-beef diet on bowel flora: a preliminary report Am J Clin Nutr 1974 27: 1470–1474 · DOI
- Hentges DJ . Does diet influence human fecal microflora composition? Nutr Rev 1980 38: 329–336 · DOI
- Hill MJ, Drasar BS, Hawksworth G, Aries V, Crowther JS, Williams RE . Bacteria and aetiology of cancer of large bowel Lancet 1971 1: 95–100 · DOI
- MacNeil N . Nutritional implications of human and mammalian large intestinal function World Rev Nutr Diet 1988 56: 11–42
- Hall MA, Cole CB, Smith SL, Fuller R, Rolles CJ . Factors influencing the presence of faecal lactobacilli in early infancy Arch Dis Child 1990 65: 185–188 · DOI
- Snydman DR, Jacobus NV, McDermott LA, Supran S, Cuchural GJ, Finegold S, Harrell L, Hecht DW, Iannini P, Jenkins S, Pierson C, Rihs J, Gorbach SL . Multicenter study of in vitro susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group, 1995 to 1996, with comparison of resistance trends from 1990 to 1996 Antimicrobial Agents Chemother 1999 43: 2417–2422 · DOI
- Orrhage K, Nord CE . Factors controlling the bacterial colonization of the intestine in breastfed infants Acta Paediatr Suppl 1999 88: 47–57 · DOI
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) . Re-evaluation of some organic chemicals, hydrazine, and hydrogen peroxide. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans IARC: Lyon, 1999 71: 433–452 (catechol), 749– 768
- Medinsky MA, Kenyon EM, Seaton MJ, Schlosser PM . Mechanistic considerations in benzene physiological model development Environ Health Perspect 1996 104: (Suppl. 6) 1399–1404
- Lindstrom AB, Yeowell-O'Connell K, Waidyanatha S, McDonald TA, Golding BT, Rappaport SM . Formation of hemoglobin and albumin adducts of benzene oxide in mouse, rat, and human blood Chem Res Toxicol 1998 11: 302–310 · DOI
- Witz G, Zhang Z, Goldstein BD . Reactive ring-opened aldehyde metabolites in benzene hematotoxicity Environ Health Perspect 1996 104: (Suppl. 6) 1195–1199
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) . Coffee, tea, mate, methylxanthines and methylglyoxal. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans IARC: Lyon, 1991 51: 1–513
- Rahn W, König A . GC/MS investigations of the constituents in a diethyl ether extract of an acidified roast coffee infusion J High Resolut Chromatogr Commun 1978 1: 69–71 · DOI
- Maga JA . Simple phenol and phenolic compounds in food flavor CRC Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1978 10: 323–327 · DOI
- Diechman WB, Keplinger ML . Phenols and phenolic compounds. In: Clayton GD, Clayton FE (eds) Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology Volume 2A, 3rd revised edn John Wiley & Sons: New York 1981 pp 2567–2628
- Brewington RC, Parks OW, Schwartz DP . Conjugated compounds in cow's milk. II J Agric Food Chem 1974 22: 293–294 · DOI
- Harbison KG, Belly RT . The biodegradation of hydroquinone Environ Toxicol Chem 1982 1: 9–15 · DOI
- Takeba K, Matsumoto M, Shida Y, Nakazawa H . Determination of phenol in honey by liquid chromatography with amperometric detection J Assoc Off Anal Chem 1990 73: 602–604
- Schmidt EG . An ether extraction method for the determination of urine phenols J Biol Chem 1942 145: 533–544 · DOI
- Teisinger J, Fiserova-Bergerova V . Valeur comparee de la determination des sulfates et du phenol contenus dans l'urine pour l'evaluation de la concentration du benzene dans l'air Archs Mal Prof Med Trav 1955 16: 221–230
Cited by
LEIFERT, J. A. (2008) · International Journal of Laboratory Hematology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-553x.2008.01067.x · Cited by 83
Metadata
- Authors
- McDonald, T., Holland, N., Skibola, C., Duramad, P., & Smith, M.
- Venue
- Leukemia
- Published
- 2001-01-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-20
- ISSN
- 0887-6924
- 1476-5551
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 3
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Hypothesis: Phenol and hydroquinone derived mainly from diet and gastrointestinal flora activity are causal factors in leukemia. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/sj.leu.2401981
- The paper
- McDonald, T., Holland, N., Skibola, C., Duramad, P., & Smith, M. (2001). Hypothesis: Phenol and hydroquinone derived mainly from diet and gastrointestinal flora activity are causal factors in leukemia. Leukemia. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.leu.2401981
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.