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Formation mechanism and optimization of highly luminescent N-doped graphene quantum dots
Open accessAbstract
Photoluminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have received enormous attention because of their unique chemical, electronic and optical properties. Here a series of GQDs were synthesized under hydrothermal processes in order to investigate the formation process and optical properties of N-doped GQDs. Citric acid (CA) was used as a carbon precursor and self-assembled into sheet structure in a basic condition and formed N-free GQD graphite framework through intermolecular dehydrolysis reaction. N-doped GQDs were prepared using a series of N-containing bases such as urea. Detailed structural and property studies demonstrated the formation mechanism of N-doped GQDs for tunable optical emissions. Hydrothermal conditions promote formation of amide between -NH₂ and -COOH with the presence of amine in the reaction. The intramoleculur dehydrolysis between neighbour amide and COOH groups led to formation of pyrrolic N in the graphene framework. Further, the pyrrolic N transformed to graphite N under hydrothermal conditions. N-doping results in a great improvement of PL quantum yield (QY) of GQDs. By optimized reaction conditions, the highest PL QY (94%) of N-doped GQDs was obtained using CA as a carbon source and ethylene diamine as a N source. The obtained N-doped GQDs exhibit an excitation-independent blue emission with single exponential lifetime decay.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Qu, D., Zheng, M., Zhang, L., Zhao, H., Xie, Z., Jing, X., Haddad, R. E., Fan, H., & Sun, Z.
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2014-06-18
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5294-5294
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2013518031
- Cited by
- 959
- References
- 35
- FWCI
- 34.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
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