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Fischer–Tropsch refining: technology selection to match molecules
Abstract
On a molecular level Fischer–Tropsch syncrude is significantly different from crude oil. When syncrude is treated as if it is a crude oil, its refining becomes inefficient. Refining technologies developed for crude oil can be employed to refine Fischer–Tropsch syncrude, but in order to conform to green chemistry principles (preventing waste; maximising atom economy; increasing energy efficiency) the technology selection must be compatible with the syncrude composition. The composition of Fischer–Tropsch syncrude is discussed in relation to the molecular requirements of transportation fuels and the refining gap that needs to be bridged. Conversion technologies are evaluated in terms of their refining objective, chemistry, catalysts, environmental issues, feed requirements, and compatibility to Fischer–Tropsch syncrude, in order to suggest appropriate technologies for efficient refining of Fischer–Tropsch products. The conversion technologies considered are: double bond isomerisation, dimerisation/oligomerisation, skeletal isomerisation, etherification, aliphatic alkylation, aromatic alkylation, metathesis, hydrogenation/hydrotreating, hydroisomerisation, hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, coking, thermal cracking, catalytic reforming, aromatisation, alcohol dehydration and olefin hydration.
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Cited by
Next‐Generation Biofuels: Survey of Emerging Technologies and Sustainability Issues
Zinoviev, S., Müller‐Langer, F., Das, P., Bertero, N., Fornasiero, P., Kaltschmitt, M., Centi, G., & Miertus, S. (2010) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201000052 · Cited by 318
Kachala, V. V., Khemchyan, L. L., Kashin, A. S., Orlov, N. V., Grachev, A. A., Zalesskiy, S. S., & Ananikov, V. P. (2013) · Russian Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1070/rc2013v082n07abeh004413 · Cited by 262
de Klerk, A., Chauhan, G., Halmenschlager, C., Link, F., Montoya Sánchez, N., Gartley, B., El‐Sayed, H. E. M., Sehdev, R., & Lehoux, R. (2024) · Energy Science & Engineering · doi:10.1002/ese3.1379 · Cited by 73
“3,20 The major aromatisation processes are listed in Table 2, organised based on the type of catalysts employed, rather than by specific technology suppliers.”
BackgroundXiao, T., Shirvani, T., Inderwildi, O., Gonzalez-Cortes, S., AlMegren, H., King, D., & Edwards, P. P. (2015) · Topics in Catalysis · doi:10.1007/s11244-015-0401-1 · Cited by 24
Metadata
- Authors
- de Klerk, A.
- Venue
- Green Chemistry
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2008
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1249
- ISSN
- 1463-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1463-9270
- OpenAlex
- W2098400187
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 4.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- de Klerk, A. (2008). Fischer–Tropsch refining: technology selection to match molecules. Green Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/b813233j
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