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Cited by 447

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 129 of the 129 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Self-assembly: from crystals to cells

Grzybowski, Bartosz A., Wilmer, Christopher E., Kim, Jiwon, Browne, Kevin P., Bishop, Kyle J. M.·2009·Soft Matter

Abstract

Self-assembly (SA) is the process in which a system's components—be it molecules, polymers, colloids, or macroscopic particles—organize into ordered and/or functional structures without human intervention. The main challenge in SA research is the ability to “program” the properties of the individual pieces such that they organize into a desired structure. Although a general strategy for doing so is still elusive, heuristic rules can be formulated that guide design of SA under various conditions and thermodynamic constraints. This Review examines SA in both the equilibrium and non-equilibrium/dynamic systems and discusses different SA modalities: energy driven, entropy-driven, templated, and field-directed. Non-equilibrium SA is discussed as a route to reconfigurable (“adaptive”) materials, and its connection to biological systems is emphasized.

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Crossref · 10.1039/b819321p

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Metadata

Authors
Grzybowski, B. A., Wilmer, C. E., Kim, J., Browne, K. P., & Bishop, K. J. M.
Venue
Soft Matter
Published
2009
Volume
5
Issue
6
Pages
1110
ISSN
  • 1744-683X (ISSN-L)
  • 1744-6848
OpenAlex
W2070908500
Cited by
447
References
129
FWCI
14.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Self-assembly: from crystals to cells. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1039/b819321p
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Grzybowski, B. A., Wilmer, C. E., Kim, J., Browne, K. P., & Bishop, K. J. M. (2009). Self-assembly: from crystals to cells. Soft Matter. https://doi.org/10.1039/b819321p

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.