The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Recognition and sensing of fluoride anion
Abstract
Fluoride anion recognition is attracting a mounting interest in the scientific community due to its duplicitous nature. It is a useful chemical for many industrial applications, and it has been used in human diet, but, recently it has been accused for several human pathologies. Here we describe the ample panorama of different approaches the chemists world-wide have employed to face the challenge of fluoride binding, and we outline some of the research which in our view can contribute to the development of this field, especially when fluoride binding has to be achieved in highly competitive protic solvents and water.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Discriminating F− and Cl− in synthetic applications is quite difficult, particularly in aqueous contexts.
“Among the halides, F− and Cl− are the most similar, and, in synthetic applications, discriminating these anions has proved to be quite difficult, particularly in aqueous contexts(35, 36).”
From Membrane exporters of fluoride ion (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
Citations
Cites
On the structure and thermodynamics of solvated monoatomic ions using a hybrid solvation model
Topol, I. A., Tawa, G. J., Burt, S. K., & Rashin, A. A. (1999) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.480486 · Cited by 128
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 215
- Bowman-James, 2005, Acc. Chem. Res., 38, 671, 10.1021/ar040071t · DOI
- Angell, 1983, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 34, 593, 10.1146/annurev.pc.34.100183.003113 · DOI
- Angell, 2000, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2, 1559, 10.1039/b000206m · DOI
- Connet, 2007, Fluoride, 40, 155
- Foulkes, 2007, Fluoride, 40, 229
- Carton, Fluoride, 39, 163
- Ayoob, 2006, Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 433, 10.1080/10643380600678112 · DOI
- Bassin, 2006, Cancer Causes Control, 17, 421, 10.1007/s10552-005-0500-6 · DOI
- Wang, 2006, Environ. Health Perspect., 115, 643, 10.1289/ehp.9270 · DOI
- Yu, 2008, Fluoride, 41, 134
- Schwarzenbach, 2006, Science, 313, 1072, 10.1126/science.1127291 · DOI
- Viswanathan, 2009, J. Hazard. Mater., 161, 423, 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.115 · DOI
- Caltagirone, 2009, Chem. Soc. Rev., 520, 10.1039/B806422A · DOI
- Steed, 2009, Chem. Soc. Rev., 506, 10.1039/B810364J · DOI
- Kubik, 2009, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 585, 10.1039/B810531F · DOI
- Amendola, 2009, Chem. Commun., 513, 10.1039/B808264M · DOI
- Gale, 2008, Chem. Soc. Rev., 37, 151, 10.1039/B715825D · DOI
- Kang, 2006, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 45, 7882, 10.1002/anie.200602006 · DOI
- Gale, 2006, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 3219, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.05.020 · DOI
- García-España, 2006, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 2952, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.05.018 · DOI
- Katayev, 2006, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 3004, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.04.013 · DOI
- Gunnlaugsson, 2006, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 3094, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.08.017 · DOI
- Filby, 2006, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 3200, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.06.004 · DOI
- O’Neil, 2006, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 3068, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.04.006 · DOI
- Sessler, 2006, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 12281, 10.1021/ja064012h · DOI
- Gross, 2008, Chem.–Eur. J., 14, 7822, 10.1002/chem.200800899 · DOI
- Hay, 2005, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 1810, 10.1021/ja043995k · DOI
- Jose, 2007, Tetrahedron Lett., 48, 3695, 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.03.120 · DOI
- Bordwell, 1991, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 113, 8398, 10.1021/ja00022a029 · DOI
- Esteban-Gómez, 2005, J. Org. Chem., 70, 5717, 10.1021/jo050528s · DOI
- Boiocchi, 2004, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 16507, 10.1021/ja045936c · DOI · Paper page
- Jose, 2007, Tetrahedron, 63, 12007, 10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.008 · DOI
- Kim, 2007, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 28, 1815, 10.5012/bkcs.2007.28.10.1815 · DOI
- Boiocchi, 2005, Chem.–Eur. J., 11, 3097, 10.1002/chem.200401049 · DOI
- Pérez-Casas, 2008, J. Org. Chem., 73, 2275, 10.1021/jo702458f · DOI
- Ros-Lis, 2007, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2449, 10.1002/ejoc.200601111 · DOI
- Wu, 2007, J. Org. Chem., 72, 62, 10.1021/jo061634c · DOI
- Nie, 2004, J. Org. Chem., 69, 6449, 10.1021/jo049088f · DOI
- Yang, 2008, J. Phys. Chem. B, 112, 5105, 10.1021/jp711899h · DOI
- Liu, 2008, J. Org. Chem., 73, 1124, 10.1021/jo702159r · DOI
- Li, 2008, J. Phys. Chem. B, 112, 7071, 10.1021/jp801531w · DOI
- Shao, 2008, Talanta, 75, 1015, 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.12.041 · DOI
- Zhang, 2006, J. Fluorine Chem., 127, 1222, 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2006.06.018 · DOI
- Gunnlaugsson, 2005, J. Org. Chem., 70, 10875, 10.1021/jo0520487 · DOI
- Duke, 2007, Tetrahedron Lett., 48, 8043, 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.09.026 · DOI
- Pfeffer, 2005, Tetrahedron Lett., 46, 6579, 10.1016/j.tetlet.2005.07.067 · DOI
- Gunnlaugsson, 2003, Tetrahedron Lett., 44, 6575, 10.1016/S0040-4039(03)01699-X · DOI
- Evans, 2006, Chem. Commun., 965, 10.1039/b517308f · DOI
- Han, 2007, Chem.–Eur. J., 13, 2880, 10.1002/chem.200600904 · DOI
- Mak, 1990, J. Inclusion Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem., 8, 199, 10.1007/BF01131297 · DOI
- Li, 1998, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Sci., 54, 180, 10.1107/S0108768196014498 · DOI
- Gunnlaugsson, 2005, Org. Biomol. Chem., 3, 48, 10.1039/b409018g · DOI
- Lee, 2008, Tetrahedron Lett., 49, 1952, 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.01.107 · DOI
- Kim, 2007, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 28, 1531, 10.5012/bkcs.2007.28.9.1531 · DOI
- Shao, 2007, J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem., 59, 371, 10.1007/s10847-007-9339-7 · DOI
- Cho, 2005, Org. Lett., 7, 2607, 10.1021/ol0507470 · DOI
- Lee, 2004, J. Org. Chem., 69, 943, 10.1021/jo0356457 · DOI
- Cho, 2003, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 12376, 10.1021/ja036248g · DOI
- Xu, 2004, Chem. Commun., 1050, 10.1039/b316121h · DOI
- Quintana, 2008, Anal. Sci., 24, 1081, 10.2116/analsci.24.1081 · DOI
- Kim, 2002, Chem. Commun., 770, 10.1039/b110139k · DOI
- Jose, 2004, Org. Lett., 6, 3445, 10.1021/ol048829w · DOI
- Jiménez, 2002, Tetrahedron Lett., 43, 2823, 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)00363-5 · DOI
- Gunnlaugsson, 2004, Org. Biomol. Chem., 2, 1856, 10.1039/b404706k · DOI
- Kondo, 2003, Tetrahedron Lett., 44, 8801, 10.1016/j.tetlet.2003.09.207 · DOI
- Otón, 2004, Chem. Commun., 1658, 10.1039/B404601C · DOI
- Vásquez, 2004, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 43, 1962, 10.1002/anie.200353148 · DOI
- Quinlan, 2007, J. Org. Chem., 72, 7497, 10.1021/jo070439a · DOI
- Quinlan, 2006, Tetrahedron Lett., 47, 9333, 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.10.112 · DOI
- Pfeffer, 2005, Org. Lett., 7, 5357, 10.1021/ol051497q · DOI
- Lowe, 2007, Org. Biomol. Chem., 5, 1343, 10.1039/b703626b · DOI
- Lowe, 2008, Eur. J. Org. Chem., 1559, 10.1002/ejoc.200701015 · DOI
- Davis, 2006, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 2939, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.05.008 · DOI
- Bondy, 2003, Coord. Chem. Rev., 240, 77, 10.1016/S0010-8545(02)00304-1 · DOI
- Gale, 2006, Acc. Chem. Res., 39, 465, 10.1021/ar040237q · DOI
- Kang, 2006, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 3038, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.06.006 · DOI
- Shang, 2007, J. Inclusion Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem., 58, 275, 10.1007/s10847-006-9154-6 · DOI
- Piatek, 2002, Chem. Commun., 2450, 10.1039/B207335H · DOI
- Hossain, 2003, Inorg. Chem., 42, 1397, 10.1021/ic0263140 · DOI
- Kang, 2003, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 10152, 10.1021/ja034969+ · DOI
- Kang, 2004, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 12272, 10.1021/ja046078n · DOI
- Kang, 2005, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 13478, 10.1021/ja054332l · DOI
- Kang, 2005, Chem. Commun., 328, 10.1039/b411904e · DOI
- Kang, 2006, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 45, 1921, 10.1002/anie.200504066 · DOI
- Bordwell, 1991, J. Org. Chem., 56, 3216, 10.1021/jo00010a009 · DOI
- Mizuno, 2002, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 1134, 10.1021/ja017298t · DOI
- Plitt, 2007, Chem.–Eur. J., 13, 1374, 10.1002/chem.200601514 · DOI
- Anzerbacher, Jr., 2005, Org. Lett., 7, 5027, 10.1021/ol051992m · DOI
- Aldakov, 2004, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 4752, 10.1021/ja039934o · DOI
- Denekamp, 2007, Chem.–Eur. J., 13, 657, 10.1002/chem.200600546 · DOI
- Gale, 2005, Chem. Commun., 3761, 10.1039/b504596g · DOI
- Katayev, 2008, Chem.–Eur. J., 14, 9065, 10.1002/chem.200800860 · DOI
- Gale, 1996, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 118, 5140, 10.1021/ja960307r · DOI
- Custelcean, 2005, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 44, 2537, 10.1002/anie.200462945 · DOI
- Camiolo, 2001, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. E, 57, o816, 10.1107/S1600536801012880 · DOI
- Wu, 2001, J. Org. Chem., 66, 3739, 10.1021/jo0016273 · DOI
- Danil de Namorand, 2003, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107, 6462, 10.1021/jp0226174 · DOI
- Schmidtchen, 2002, Org. Lett., 4, 431, 10.1021/ol017137u · DOI
- Anzernbacher, Jr., 1999, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 121, 11020, 10.1021/ja993195n · DOI
- Danil de Namor, 2007, J. Phys. Chem. B, 111, 12177, 10.1021/jp073863o · DOI
- Camiolo, 2000, Chem. Commun., 1129, 10.1039/b003229h · DOI
- Woods, 2002, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 8644, 10.1021/ja025572t · DOI
- Danil de Namor, 2006, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110, 12653, 10.1021/jp060859o · DOI
- Yoo, 2009, J. Org. Chem., 74, 1065, 10.1021/jo802059c · DOI
- Nishiyabu, 2006, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 11496, 10.1021/ja0622150 · DOI
- Nishiyabu, 2006, Org. Lett., 8, 359, 10.1021/ol0521782 · DOI
- Nishiyabu, 2005, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 8270, 10.1021/ja051421p · DOI
- Anzenbacher, Jr., 2006, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 2929, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.09.001 · DOI
- Aydogan, 2008, Chem. Commun., 1455, 10.1039/b718021g · DOI
- Gale, 2008, Chem. Commun., 4525, 10.1039/b809508f · DOI
- Bates, 2007, Chem. Commun., 2121, 10.1039/B703905K · DOI
- Curiel, 2005, Chem. Commun., 236, 10.1039/b412363h · DOI
- Wang, 2008, Org. Biomol. Chem., 6, 1751, 10.1039/b801447g · DOI
- Chang, 2005, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 44, 7926, 10.1002/anie.200503121 · DOI
- Dutzler, 2002, Nature, 415, 287, 10.1038/415287a · DOI · Paper page
- Winstanley, 2006, Org. Biomol. Chem., 4, 1760, 10.1039/B516433H · DOI
- Tong, 2003, Tetrahedron Lett., 44, 131, 10.1016/S0040-4039(02)02504-2 · DOI
- Devaraj, 2007, Tetrahedron Lett., 48, 3077, 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.098 · DOI
- Luxami, 2007, Tetrahedron Lett., 48, 3083, 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.095 · DOI
- Wu, 2005, Org. Lett., 7, 2133, 10.1021/ol0504648 · DOI
- Amendola, 2005, Chem.–Eur. J., 11, 5648, 10.1002/chem.200500351 · DOI
- Jose, 2007, Inorg. Chem., 46, 5576, 10.1021/ic070165+ · DOI
- Rice, 2006, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 3190, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.05.017 · DOI
- Libra, 2006, Chem. Commun., 1485, 10.1039/b517944k · DOI
- Kats, 1985, J. Org. Chem., 50, 5027, 10.1021/jo00225a005 · DOI
- Liu, 2006, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 45, 5475, 10.1002/anie.200601286 · DOI
- Sakuda, 2006, Inorg. Chem., 45, 10670, 10.1021/ic061435b · DOI
- Agou, 2006, Inorg. Chem., 45, 9137, 10.1021/ic061055q · DOI
- Galbraith, 2008, Inorg. Chem., 47, 6236, 10.1021/ic800204q · DOI
- Hudnall, 2006, Org. Lett., 8, 2747, 10.1021/ol060791v · DOI
- Melaïmi, 2006, Inorg. Chem., 45, 8136, 10.1021/ic060709s · DOI
- Parab, 2006, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 12879, 10.1021/ja063302v · DOI
- Liu, 2005, Org. Lett., 7, 5481, 10.1021/ol052323b · DOI
- Neuman, 2006, Org. Lett., 8, 495, 10.1021/ol052911p · DOI
- Solé, 2004, Chem. Commun., 1284, 10.1039/B403596H · DOI
- Melaimi, 2005, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 9680, 10.1021/ja053058s · DOI
- Chiu, 2006, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128, 14248, 10.1021/ja0658463 · DOI
- Lee, 2007, Inorg. Chem., 46, 8132, 10.1021/ic700360a · DOI
- Lee, 2007, Chem. Commun., 1133, 10.1039/b616814k · DOI
- Hudnall, 2008, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 10890, 10.1021/ja804492y · DOI
- Hudnall, 2009, Acc. Chem. Res., 42, 388, 10.1021/ar8001816 · DOI
- Zhao, 2008, Inorg. Chem., 47, 9256, 10.1021/ic800500c · DOI
- Takahashi, 2002, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 759, 10.1039/b111702e · DOI
- Sathish, 2006, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 65, 565, 10.1016/j.saa.2005.12.011 · DOI
- Gao, 2007, Talanta, 73, 770, 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.04.063 · DOI
- Sastish, 2008, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 69, 282, 10.1016/j.saa.2007.04.018 · DOI
- Mizukami, 2002, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124, 3920, 10.1021/ja0175643 · DOI
- Martin, 1996, Coord. Chem. Rev., 141, 23, 10.1016/0010-8545(95)01170-6 · DOI
- Chaniotakis, 2004, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2283, 10.1002/ejic.200300780 · DOI
- Altmann, 1998, Organometallics, 17, 5858, 10.1021/om980703d · DOI
- Schulte, 2001, Chem.–Eur. J., 7, 347, 10.1002/1521-3765(20010119)7:2<347::AID-CHEM347>3.0.CO;2-E · DOI
- Tamao, 1996, J. Organomet. Chem., 506, 85, 10.1016/0022-328X(95)05636-4 · DOI
- Klapötke, 2008, Inorg. Chem., 47, 4712, 10.1021/ic800051s · DOI
- Antonisse, 1997, J. Org. Chem., 62, 9034, 10.1021/jo9707040 · DOI
- Antonisse, 1998, J. Org. Chem., 63, 9776, 10.1021/jo981407d · DOI
- Antonisse, 2000, Anal. Chem., 72, 343, 10.1021/ac990721k · DOI
- Kannan, 2006, Inorg. Chem., 45, 9206, 10.1021/ic060742e · DOI
- Cametti, 2003, Chem. Commun., 2420, 10.1039/b307849c · DOI
- Cametti, 2005, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 3831, 10.1021/ja042807n · DOI
- Cametti, 2006, Inorg. Chem., 45, 6099, 10.1021/ic060251u · DOI
- Cametti, 2007, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 3641, 10.1021/ja068561z · DOI
- Cametti, 2008, New J. Chem., 32, 1113, 10.1039/b806149a · DOI
- Llinares, 2003, Coord. Chem. Rev., 240, 57, 10.1016/S0010-8545(03)00019-5 · DOI
- Schmuck, 2006, Coord. Chem. Rev., 250, 3053, 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.04.001 · DOI
- Park, 1968, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90, 2431, 10.1021/ja01011a047 · DOI
- Dietrich, 1996, Helv. Chim. Acta, 79, 569, 10.1002/hlca.19960790302 · DOI
- Dietrich, 1989, Tetrahedron Lett., 30, 4125, 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)99339-0 · DOI
- Arunachalam, 2007, Tetrahedron, 63, 11371, 10.1016/j.tet.2007.08.079 · DOI
- Dietrich, 1984, Helv. Chim. Acta, 67, 91, 10.1002/hlca.19840670112 · DOI
- Ilioudis, 2004, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126, 12395, 10.1021/ja047070g · DOI
- Mason, 2000, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, 1814, 10.1021/ja9939800 · DOI
- Motekaitis, 1988, Inorg. Chem., 27, 3630, 10.1021/ic00293a039 · DOI
- Zhang, 2004, Chem. Commun., 2206, 10.1039/b407434c · DOI
- Esteban-Gómez, 2008, Chem.–Eur. J., 14, 5829, 10.1002/chem.200800092 · DOI
- Motekaitis, 1982, Inorg. Chem., 21, 4253, 10.1021/ic00142a029 · DOI
- Motekaitis, 1986, Inorg. Chem., 25, 938, 10.1021/ic00227a012 · DOI
- Mascal, 2006, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 45, 2890, 10.1002/anie.200504417 · DOI
- Mascal, 2007, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 46, 8782, 10.1002/anie.200704005 · DOI
- Lehaire, 2002, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 41, 1419, 10.1002/1521-3773(20020415)41:8<1419::AID-ANIE1419>3.0.CO;2-L · DOI
- Yeo, 2008, Org. Lett., 10, 2931, 10.1021/ol801153d · DOI
- Kubik, 2005, J. Inclusion Phenom. Macrocycl. Chem., 52, 137, 10.1007/s10847-005-0601-6 · DOI
- Hirsch, 2007, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 46, 338, 10.1002/anie.200603420 · DOI
- Reyheller, 2007, Org. Lett., 9, 5271, 10.1021/ol702386e · DOI
- Lee, 2008, Tetrahedron Lett., 49, 1952, 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.01.107 · DOI
- Bühlmann, 1997, Tetrahedron, 53, 1647, 10.1016/S0040-4020(96)01094-0 · DOI
- Fischer, 1894, Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges., 27, 2985, 10.1002/cber.18940270364 · DOI
- Suk, 2008, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 11868, 10.1021/ja804845m · DOI
- Gillies, 2007, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 46, 4081, 10.1002/anie.200700301 · DOI
- Palacios, 2007, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129, 7538, 10.1021/ja0704784 · DOI
- Chen, 2008, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130, 6718, 10.1021/ja802035e · DOI
- Kim, 2008, New J. Chem., 32, 1003, 10.1039/b714406g · DOI
- Maeda, 2008, Chem.–Eur. J., 14, 11274, 10.1002/chem.200801333 · DOI
- Džolić, 2007, Chem. Commun., 3535, 10.1039/b707466b · DOI
- Cametti, 2008, ChemPhysChem, 9, 2168, 10.1002/cphc.200800412 · DOI
- Kemp, 2005, J. Phys. Chem. A, 109, 7688, 10.1021/jp058086b · DOI
- Chowdhuri, 2006, J. Chem. Phys. B, 110, 9674, 10.1021/jp057544d · DOI
- McLean, 1967, J. Chem. Phys., 47, 414, 10.1063/1.1711910 · DOI
- Staben, 1993, Z. Naturforsch., B: Chem. Sci., 48, 1057, 10.1515/znb-1993-0805 · DOI
- Hossain, 2002, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 41, 2335, 10.1002/1521-3773(20020703)41:13<2335::AID-ANIE2335>3.0.CO;2-3 · DOI
- Brooks, 2006, Chem. Commun., 4344, 10.1039/b610938a · DOI
200 of 215 shown
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Membrane exporters of fluoride ion
McIlwain, B. C., Ruprecht, M. T., & Stockbridge, R. B. (2021) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-071520-112507 · Cited by 69
Small Molecule Fluoride Toxicity Agonists
Nelson, J. W., Plummer, M. S., Blount, K. F., Ames, T. D., & Breaker, R. R. (2015) · Chemistry & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.03.016 · Cited by 30
Metadata
- Authors
- Cametti, M., & Rissanen, K.
- Venue
- Chemical Communications
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2009
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 2809
- ISSN
- 1359-7345
- 1364-548X
- Cited by
- 654
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review