Stabilizing synthetic DNA for long-term data storage with earth alkaline salts
Open accessAbstract
Mimicking fossil bone, a storage system involving earth alkali salts enables the preservation of digital data in DNA.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Synthesis dominantly causes deletions at a final rate of around 0.2-1% per nucleotide.
“synthesis dominantly causes deletions (e.g., missing a base) at a final rate of around 0.2–1% per nt.”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
Insertions are uncommon and usually occur at less than 0.1% per nucleotide, mainly because of synthesis.
“Insertions (addition of extra bases) are uncommon and usually occur at less than 0.1% per nt, mainly because of synthesis.”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
Amplification and SBS-based platforms mainly introduce substitution errors.
“While amplification and SBS-based platforms mainly introduce substitution errors (reading a C instead of a G, for example),”
From Emerging Approaches to DNA Data Storage: Challenges and Prospects (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 30 · Cited by 66
Research works printed but not linked: 27
- L. Ceze, J. Nivala and K. Strauss, Nat. Rev. Genet., 2019, 20, 456-466.
- D. Carmean, L. Ceze, G. Seelig, K. Stewart, K. Strauss and M. Willsey, Proc. IEEE, 2019, 107, 63-72.
- L. Organick, S. D. Ang, Y.-J. Chen, R. Lopez, S. Yekhanin, K. Makarychev, M. Z. Racz, G. Kamath, P. Gopalan, B. Nguyen, C. N. Takahashi, S. Newman, H.-Y. Parker, C. Rashtchian, K. Stewart, G. Gupta, R. Carlson, J. Mulligan, D. Carmean, G. Seelig, L. Ceze and K. Strauss, Nat. Biotechnol., 2018, 36, 242-249.
- G. M. Church, Y. Gao and S. Kosuri, Science, 2012, 337, 1628.
- R. N. Grass, R. Heckel, M. Puddu, D. Paunescu and W. J. Stark, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2015, 54, 2552-2555.
- N. Goldman, P. Bertone, S. Chen, C. Dessimoz, E. M. LeProust, B. Sipos and E. Birney, Nature, 2013, 494, 77-80.
- J. Bonnet, M. Colotte, D. Coudy, V. Couallier, J. Portier, B. Morin and S. Tuffet, Nucleic Acids Res., 2009, 38, 1531-1546.
- T. Lindahl, Nature, 1993, 366, 529-531.
- D. Clermont, S. Santoni, S. Saker, M. Gomard, E. Gardais and C. Bizet, Biopreserv. Biobank., 2014, 12, 176-183.
- Y. Erlich and D. Zielinski, Science, 2017, 355, 950-954.
- Y. Choi, T. Ryu, A. C. Lee, H. Choi, H. Lee, J. Park, S. H. Song, S. Kim, H. Kim, W. Park and S. Kwon, Sci. Rep., 2019, 9, 6582.
- L. Anavy, I. Vaknin, O. Atar, R. Amit and Z. Yakhini, Nat. Biotechnol., 2019, 37, 1229-1236.
- J. Dabney, M. Knapp, I. Glocke, M.-T. Gansauge, A. Weihmann, B. Nickel, C. Valdiosera, N. Garcia, S. Paabo, J.-L. Arsuaga and M. Meyer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 2013, 110, 15758-15763.
- D. Paunescu, M. Puddu, J. O. B. Soellner, P. R. Stoessel and R. N. Grass, Nat. Protoc., 2013, 8, 2440-2448.
- B. Liu, Y. Yao and S. Che, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2013, 52, 14186-14190.
- F. L. Graham and A. J. Van der EB, Virology, 1973, 52, 456-467.
- L. J. Del Valle, O. Bertran, G. Chaves, G. Revilla-Lo ´pez, M. Rivas, M. T. Casas, J. Casanovas, P. Turon, J. Puiggalı ´and C. Alema ´n, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2014, 2, 6953-6966.
- Y. Yang, G. Wang, G. Zhu, X. Xu, H. Pan and R. Tang, Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 8705-8707.
- W. Li, D. Liu, Q. Wang, H. Hu and D. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. B, 2018, 6, 3466-3474.
- C. E. Pedraza, D. C. Bassett, M. D. McKee, V. Nelea, U. Gbureck and J. E. Barralet, Biomaterials, 2008, 29, 3384-3392.
- H. Kuroda, R. H. Kutner, N. G. Bazan and J. Reiser, J. Virol. Methods, 2009, 157, 113-121.
- E. Marguet and P. Forterre, Extremophiles, 1998, 2, 115-122.
- T. Lindahl and B. Nyberg, Biochemistry, 1972, 11, 3610-3618.
- K. Serec, S. D. Babic ´, R. Podgornik and S. Tomic ´, Nucleic Acids Res., 2016, 44, 8456-8464.
- S. Newman, A. P. Stephenson, M. Willsey, B. H. Nguyen, C. N. Takahashi, K. Strauss and L. Ceze, Nat. Commun., 2019, 10, 1706.
- P. Turon, J. Puiggalı ´, O. Bertra ´n and C. Alema ´n, Chem. -Eur. J., 2015, 21, 18893-18898.
- M. Celina, K. T. Gillen and R. A. Assink, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 2005, 90, 395-404.
- Authors
- Kohll, A. X., Antkowiak, P. L., Chen, W. D., Nguyen, B. H., Stark, W. J., Ceze, L., Strauss, K., & Grass, R. N.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Microsoft (United States) (US)
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering
- Corresponding author
- Grass, Robert N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Chemical Communications
- Publisher
- Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
- Published
- 2020
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 3613-3616
- ISSN
- 1359-7345 (ISSN-L)
- 1364-548X
- OpenAlex
- W3007631393
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 2.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Chemical Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository for Publications and Research Data (ETH Zurich) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- ETH Zürich Research Collection
- Funders
- Microsoft
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Biological Computing
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques
- Keywords
- synthetic DNA, long-term data storage, DNA stabilization, accelerated aging, digital data storage
- MeSH terms
- Calcium Chloride, Calcium Phosphates, DNA, Particle Size, Salts, Surface Properties, Magnesium Chloride, Information Storage and Retrieval
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
