The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Colour Reactions Attributed to Vitamin A
Open accessAbstract
HAVING regard to the wide variation in the vitamin A activity of different cod-liver oils, it is a matter of practical importance to find the most ready means of assessing their relative activity.The long period of time occupied in carrying out the biological test renders this method not only tedious and expensive, but impractical from the point of view of industrial establishments requiring to accept or reject oils under conditions allowing at most one or two weeks for a decision.There is already good evidence that the well-known colour tests described by various workers, notably by Rosenheim and Drummond, may be expected ultimately to form a basis for a satisfactory chemical method of determining the vitamin value with great rapidity and approximate accuracy.All oils received in our laboratories for some time past have been submitted to these tests, in the first instance to the sulphuric acid test, and later to the trichloro- acetic acid and arsenic trichloride tests of Rosenheim and Drummond.Biological tests have been applied to some of these oils.We were naturally led, therefore, to make experiments with a view to improving the technique of the colour tests in order to find conditions whereby quantitative and strictly comparable readings may be obtained.This work has resulted in our utilising for the purpose yet another reagent of a similar character, namely, a solution of antimony trichloride in chloroform.By its use we have been enabled to determine standard conditions whereby direct readings of the intensity of the colour may be taken with the help of a tinto- meter.By following the conditions laid down observations made by different
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the 1920s two groups164,165 made the discovery that vitamin A-containing solutions, in the presence of Brønsted and Lewis acids, undergo a color change from pale yellow (λmax ∼ 325 nm) to brilliant blue (λmax ∼ 600 nm). The blue color is semistable with an effective lifetime of up to ∼3 min when chloroform is used as a solvent.166”
From Chemistry of the Retinoid (Visual) Cycle (2014) · cites this paper as [165]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Delicate Colour Reaction for the Presence of Vitamin A
Rosenheim, O., & Drummond, J. C. (1925) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0190753 · Cited by 80
On the Technique of Testing for the Presence of Vitamin A
Drummond, J. C., Coward, K. H., & Handy, J. (1925) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0191068 · Cited by 11
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 403
Pennock, J. F., Neiss, G., & Mahler, H. R. (1962) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0850530 · Cited by 22
Yaqoob, M., Waseem, A., Rishi, L., & Nabi, A. (2009) · Luminescence · doi:10.1002/bio.1089 · Cited by 21
Identification of an ommochrome in the eyes and nervous systems of saturniid moths
Riddiford, L. M., & Ajami, A. M. (1971) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00784a028 · Cited by 21
Bull, R. J. (1976) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1976.tb04450.x · Cited by 21
Oster, G., Oster, G. K., & Kryszewski, M. (1962) · Journal of Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/pol.1962.1205716573 · Cited by 21
Brüggemann, J., Krauß, W., & Tiews, J. (1952) · Chemische Berichte · doi:10.1002/cber.19520850408 · Cited by 21
The Vitamin A and D content of the Liver of Newborn Infants.
TOVERUD, K. U., & Ender, F. (1935) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1935.tb08399.x · Cited by 21
Influence of Age and of Vitamin A Intake on the Storage of Vitamin A in the Liver of the Rat
Guerrant, N. B. (1949) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/37.1.37 · Cited by 21
A STUDY OF THE ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE COLOR REACTION FOR VITAMIN A
Norris, E. R., & Church, A. E. (1930) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)76957-3 · Cited by 20
Further studies of the chemical nature of vitamin A
Drummond, J. C., & Baker, L. C. (1929) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0230274 · Cited by 20
A review on photometric methods for the quantitation of vitamin A
Kumar, A., Kamboj, M., & Virender, V. (2021) · Microchemical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.microc.2021.106791 · Cited by 19
Experimental Poisoning by Senecio jacobaea in Pigs
Harding, J. D. J., Lewis, G., Done, J. T., & Allcroft, R. (1964) · Pathologia veterinaria · doi:10.1177/030098586400100302 · Cited by 19
Blatz, P. E., BAUMGARTNER, N., Balasubramaniyan, V., BALASUBRAMANIYAN, P., & STEDMAN, E. (1971) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1971.tb06192.x · Cited by 19
Gurcay, R., Boucher, R. V., & Callenbach, E. (1950) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/41.4.565 · Cited by 19
Périquet, B., Bailly, A., Ghisolfi, J., & Thouvenot, J. P. (1985) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(85)90009-9 · Cited by 19
A discrepancy between biological assays and other methods of determining vitamin A. I.
Morgan, R. S., Edisbury, J. R., & Morton, R. A. (1935) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0291645 · Cited by 19
Gwarzo, M. Y., & Muhammad, S. A.-K. (2010) · International Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.59566/ijbs.2010.6294 · Cited by 18
Vitamin A Intake in Cattle in Relation to Hepatic Stores and Blood Levels
Frey, P. R., Jensen, R., & Connell, W. E. (1947) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/34.4.421 · Cited by 18
The Chemistry and Physiology of Vitamin A
Heilbron, I. M., Jones, W. E., & Bacharach, A. L. (1944) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(08)60285-x · Cited by 18
The Effect of Certain Carcinogens on Vitamin A in the Liver
Baumann, C. A., Foster, E. G., & Lavik, P. S. (1941) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/21.5.431 · Cited by 18
The presence of vitamin A in human tryptophan-rich prealbumin
Alvsaker, J. O., Haugli, F., & Laland, S. (1967) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj1020362 · Cited by 18
Identification of Ozone in Los Angeles Atmosphere
Littman, F. E., & Marynowski, C. W. (1956) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60113a013 · Cited by 18
Some Experiments on the Physiology of Vitamin A Storage in the Chick
Rubin, M., & Bird, H. R. (1941) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.0200291 · Cited by 18
Peterson, W. H., Bird, H. R., & Beeson, W. M. (1937) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(37)95720-5 · Cited by 18
Katz, S. (1960) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/0003-9861(60)90454-9 · Cited by 18
Strain, H. H. (1935) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)75067-9 · Cited by 18
Effect of Drought on the Health of Wild Hairy-Nosed Wombats, Lasiorhinus latifrons
Gaughwin, M. D., Judson, G., Macfarlane, W. V., & Siebert, B. (1984) · Wildlife Research · doi:10.1071/wr9840455 · Cited by 17
Roncada, M. J., Wilson, D., Okani, E. T., & Amino, S. (1984) · Revista de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/s0034-89101984000300003 · Cited by 17
Al-Hasani, S., & Parrish, D. B. (1972) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/102.11.1437 · Cited by 17
Vitamin Plasma Levels in Long‐Term Enteral Feeding Patients
Berner, Y., Morse, R., Frank, O., Baker, H., & Shike, M. (1989) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607189013005525 · Cited by 17
Wilson, C. S., Schaefer, A. E., Darby, W. J., Bridgforth, E. B., Pearson, W. N., Combs, G. F., Leatherwood, E. C., GREENE, J. C., Teply, L. J., Plough, I. C., et al. (1964) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/15.1.29 · Cited by 17
Barber, R. S., Braude, R., Mitchell, K. G., Harding, J. D. J., Lewis, G., & Loosmore, R. M. (1968) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19680064 · Cited by 17
Aziz, M. A., & Siddiqui, A. R. (1968) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)34075-2 · Cited by 16
Es, T. (1995) · PubMed · Cited by 15
Analyse der Fette und Fettbegleitstoffe
Pardun, H. (1969) · Handbuch der Lebensmittelchemie · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-46189-7_6 · Cited by 15
Nachweis von sterinen mit perchlorsäure-naphthochinon-reagens auf kieselgelschichten
Richter, E. (1965) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)80338-1 · Cited by 15
Evidence of Facilitory Effect of Growth Hormone on Tissue Vitamin A Uptake in Rats
Ahluwalia, G. S., Kaul, L., & Ahluwalia, B. S. (1980) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/110.6.1185 · Cited by 15
Rodríguez, P., Bello, O., & Gaede, K. (1972) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/0014-5793(72)80694-x · Cited by 15
A Study of the Effect of Heat and Oxidation on Cod-liver Oil as Measured by Colour Tests
Wokes, F., & Willimott, S. G. (1927) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0210419 · Cited by 15
Molecular behavior of the Carr-Price reaction
Blatz, P. E., & Estrada, A. (1972) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60311a045 · Cited by 14
Baumann, C. A., Steenbock, H., Ingraham, M. A., & Fred, E. B. (1933) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)75812-2 · Cited by 14
Plant-growth regulators from common starfish (Asterias amurensis Lütken) waste
Ishii, T., Okino, T., Mino, Y., Tamiya, H., & Matsuda, F. (2007) · Plant Growth Regulation · doi:10.1007/s10725-007-9178-y · Cited by 13
Solid Phase Synthesis of 17α-E/Z-(X-Phenyl)-Vinyl Estradiols Using the Stille Coupling Reaction
Lee, C. Y., & Hanson, R. N. (2000) · Tetrahedron · doi:10.1016/s0040-4020(00)00004-1 · Cited by 13
Renaud, C., Berger, J., Laillou, A., & Avallone, S. (2013) · International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research · doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000154 · Cited by 13
[26] Colorimetric analysis of vitamin A and carotene
Oliver, L. K. (1980) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/s0076-6879(80)67028-1 · Cited by 13
The relative vitamin A value of the body and liver oils of certain fish
Ahmad, B., & Drummond, J. C. (1930) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0240027 · Cited by 13
Fortschritte der physiologischen Chemie seit 1929. III. Vitamine. Vitamin A
Brockmann, H. (1934) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.19340472902 · Cited by 13
Pepe, I. M., Perrelet, A., & Baumann, F. (1976) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(76)90219-4 · Cited by 13
Vitamin A in Milk - Microestimation with Activated 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol
SOBEL, A. E., & Rosenberg, A. (1949) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60036a032 · Cited by 13
Studies on colour tests for sterols and vitamin A
Wokes, F. (1928) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0220830 · Cited by 13
Effect of Ascaridia galli Infestation on Electrolytes and Vitamins in Chickens
Anwar, H., & Zia-ur-Rahman (2002) · Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.3923/jbs.2002.650.651 · Cited by 12
Rosenheim, O. (1927) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0211329 · Cited by 12
Destructive Irradiation Technique of Spectrophotometric Vitamin A Assay
Little, R. W. (1944) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition · doi:10.1021/i560129a002 · Cited by 12
COD LIVER OIL CONCENTRATE (CONCENTRATED VITAMINS A AND D)
Sutliff, W. D., Place, E. H., & SEGOOL, S. H. (1933) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1933.02740100019008 · Cited by 12
COMPOSITION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FRESH, COOKED, AND PROCESSED SWORDFISH 1
LOPEZ‐MATAS, A., & Fellers, C. R. (1948) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1948.tb16636.x · Cited by 12
Ultra micro quantitative analysis in clinical laboratories
SOBEL, A. E., & Hanok, A. (1952) · Microchimica Acta · doi:10.1007/bf01412882 · Cited by 12
Davies, A. W., & Moore, T. S., II (1937) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0310172 · Cited by 12
The molecular weight of vitamin A
Bruins, H. R., Overhoff, J., & Wolff, L. K. (1931) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0250430 · Cited by 12
Growth rates of epiphyseal plates in normal kittens and in kittens fed excess vitamin A
Clark, L. K. (1973) · Journal of Comparative Pathology · doi:10.1016/0021-9975(73)90002-9 · Cited by 11
Effects of nonpersistent pesticides on liver weight, lipids and vitamin A of rats and quail
Cecil, H. C., Harris, S. J., & Bitman, J. (1974) · Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/bf01685003 · Cited by 11
Schindler, R., Scholz, M., & Feldheim, W. (1987) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/bf01042048 · Cited by 11
Observations on the Fatty Constituents of Marine Plankton
Gunther, E. R. (1934) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.11.2.173 · Cited by 11
Experimental Studies on the Role of Vitamin a in the Inner Ear
Chole, R. A. (1978) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/01945998780860s411 · Cited by 11
COMPARISON OF BIOLOGICAL AND COLORIMETRIC ASSAYS FOR VITAMIN A AS APPLIED TO FISH OILS
Norris, E. R., & Danielson, I. S. (1929) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)77136-6 · Cited by 11
Moore, T. S., II (1964) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s0014-4835(64)80038-5 · Cited by 11
Determination of Carbon. Simplificaton of Low-Pressure Combustion Apparatus
Murray, W. M., & Niedrach, L. W. (1944) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition · doi:10.1021/i560134a015 · Cited by 11
Untersuchungen auf Gehalte an Carotin und Vitamin C bei Gemüsen und Futterstoffen
Pfützer, G., & Pfaff, C. (1935) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.19350483602 · Cited by 11
Absorption of Vitamin A in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Warwick, W. J., Hansen, L. G., & Sharp, H. L. (1976) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/000992287601500909 · Cited by 11
The Carotene and Vitamin A Contents of Mother’s milk at Batavia
Meulemans, O., & Haas, J. H. D. (1936) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/bf02776729 · Cited by 11
The colorimetric reaction between vitamin A2 aldehyde and antimony trichloride
Plack, P. A. (1961) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0810556 · Cited by 11
Observations on a diatom (Nitzschia closterium W. Sm.) as a source of vitamin A
Ahmad, B. (1930) · Biochemical Journal · doi:10.1042/bj0240860 · Cited by 11
Quantitative Estimation of Vitamins D2 and D3 in Pure Solution
Laughland, D. H., & Phillips, W. E. J. (1956) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60113a012 · Cited by 11
Vitamin A Deficiency and Phospholipid Metabolism
Krause, R. F., Beamer, K. C., & Lawrence, C. (1969) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/22.1.27 · Cited by 10
A chemotaxonomic study on russian far-eastern campanulaceae
Горовой, П. Г., Ponomarchuk, G. I., & Strigina, L. I. (1971) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(00)89889-1 · Cited by 10
Hasab-Enaby, D. R. D. H. S., & Zain, H. H. A. A.-E. (2012) · Endocrinology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.4172/2161-1017.s4-002 · Cited by 10
Vitamin A serum levels after ingestion of different vitamin A preparations.
Kalz, F., & SCHAFER, A. (1958) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 10
The Nutritive Value of Canned Foods
Pressley, A., Ridder, C., Smith, M. C., & Caldwell, E. (1944) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/28.2.107 · Cited by 10
Nutrient changes in some traditional nigerian foods during cooking—Part 1: Vitamin changes
Umoh, I. B., & BASSIR, O. (1977) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/0308-8146(77)90029-2 · Cited by 10
The Chemical Composition of Lipid Globules in the Neurones of Helix aspersa
Chou, J. T. Y. (1957) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.s3-98.41.59 · Cited by 10
Sodium balance following soave iloe-endorectal pull-through
Schwarz, K. B., Keating, J., Ternberg, J. L., Bell, M. J., & Howald, M. A. (1977) · Journal of Pediatric Surgery · doi:10.1016/0022-3468(77)90605-4 · Cited by 9
Hulshof, P. J. M., Brouwer, J. T., BUREMA, J., & West, C. E. (2002) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/48.11.2061 · Cited by 9
Caldwell, M. J., & Hughes, J. (1946) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)35194-3 · Cited by 9
SOME BIOCHEMICAL RELATIONS OF PHENOLS
Huston, R. C., & Lightbody, H. D. (1928) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)84098-4 · Cited by 9
THE ANTIMONY TRICHLORIDE REACTION WITH COMPOUNDS CONTAINING FIVE-MEMBERED MONOHETEROCYCLIC RINGS
Levine, V. E., & Richman, E. S. (1933) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)75882-1 · Cited by 9
Müller, P. B. (1944) · Helvetica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1002/hlca.19440270155 · Cited by 9
Determination of Vitamin A in Dehydrated Eggs
Schrenk, W. G., Chapin, D. S., & CONRAD, R. M. (1944) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition · doi:10.1021/i560134a014 · Cited by 9
Woolf, B., & Moore, T. S., II (1932) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)17897-9 · Cited by 9
Determination of Particle Morphology from Quantitative Analyses
Wilchinsky, Z. W. (1949) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60034a010 · Cited by 9
Mortality in Poultry Flocks and the Vitamin A Content of the Livers of Pullets and Hens
Chichester, D. F., Russell, W. C., & Hudson, C. B. (1938) · Poultry Science · doi:10.3382/ps.0170505 · Cited by 9
Willimott, S. G., & Wokes, F. (1927) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)10066-8 · Cited by 9
The carotene and vitamin A contents of mother’s milk at Batavia
Meulemans, O., & Haas, J. H. D. (1936) · The Indian Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/bf02746149 · Cited by 9
Huey, S. L., Krisher, J. T., Morgan, D. J., Mkambula, P., Srinivasan, B., Gannon, B. M., Mbuya, M. N. N., & Mehta, S. (2022) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.1c07181 · Cited by 8
Studies on the mechanism of the Carr–Price blue colour reaction
Kildahl‐Andersen, G., Næss, S. N., Aslaksen, P. B., ANTHONSEN, T., & Jensen, S. L. (2007) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/b709535j · Cited by 10
Ralston, S. L., Rich, G. A., Jackson, S. G., & Squires, E. L. (1986) · Journal of Equine Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/s0737-0806(86)80020-x · Cited by 8
Triterpene glycosides of Caulophyllum robustum
Strigina, L. I., Chetyrina, N. S., & Elyakov, G. B. (1970) · Chemistry of Natural Compounds · doi:10.1007/bf00563442 · Cited by 8
Physical and Chemical Determination of Vitamin A
Wilkie, J. (1941) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition · doi:10.1021/i560092a001 · Cited by 8
SOME BIOCHEMICAL RELATIONS OF PHENOLS
Huston, R. C., Lightbody, H. D., & Ball, C. D. (1928) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(20)79942-4 · Cited by 8
Munsell, H. E. (1938) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1938.72790290007008 · Cited by 8
Spectrophotometric Determination of Vitamin A
Ewing, D. T., Vandenbelt, J. M., Emmett, A. D., & BIRD, O. D. (1940) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Analytical Edition · doi:10.1021/ac50151a002 · Cited by 8
Chilcote, M. E., Guerrant, N. B., & Ellenberger, H. A. (1949) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60034a009 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Carr, F. H., & Price, E. A.
- Affiliations
- The Laboratories of The British Drug Houses, Ltd., Graham Street, City Road, N. 1
- ORCID
- Carr, Francis Howard
- Venue
- Biochemical Journal
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 1926-01-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 497-501
- ISSN
- 0306-3283 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1251741
- OpenAlex
- W162928279
- Cited by
- 401
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 25.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical Methods in Pharmaceuticals
- Keywords
- vitamin A, cod liver oil, color reaction, antimony trichloride, trichloroacetic acid, arsenic trichloride
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review