Production and utilization of acetate in mammals
Open accessAbstract
1. In an attempt to define the importance of acetate as a metabolic precursor, the activities of acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1) and acetyl-CoA hydrolase (Ec 3.1.2.1) were assayed in tissues from rats and sheep. In addition, the concentrations of acetate in blood and liver were measured, as well as the rates of acetate production by tissue slices and mitochondrial fractions of these tissues. 2. Acetyl-CoA synthetase occurs at high activities in heart and kidney cortex of both species as well as in rat liver and the sheep masseter muscle. The enzyme is mostly in the cytosol fraction of liver, whereas it is associated with the mitochondrial fraction in heart tissue. Both mitochondrial and cytosol activities have a K(m) for acetate of 0.3mm. Acetyl-CoA synthetase activity in liver was not altered by changes in diet, age or alloxan-diabetes. 3. Acetyl-CoA hydrolase is widely distributed in rat and sheep tissues, the highest activity being found in liver. Essentially all of the activity in liver and heart is localized in the mitochondrial fraction. Hepatic acetyl-CoA hydrolase activity is increased by starvation in rats and sheep and during the suckling period in young rats. 4. The concentrations of acetate in blood are decreased by starvation and increased by alloxan-diabetes in both species. The uptake of acetate by the sheep hind limb is proportional to the arterial concentration of acetate, except in alloxan-treated animals, where uptake is impaired. 5. Acetate is produced…
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Other sources of endogenous SCFAs include the breakdown of proteins by the microbiota, host metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and pyruvate into acetate, and the consumption of alcohol.
“Other sources of endogenous SCFAs include the breakdown of proteins by the microbiota (Yao et al., 2016), host metabolism of long-chain fatty acids and pyruvate into acetate (Knowles et al., 1974), as well as the consumption of alcohol (Sarkola et al., 2002).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Knowles et al., 1974
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References 37 · Cited by 348
- Authors
- Knowles, S. E., Jarrett, I. G., Filsell, O. H., & Ballard, F. J.
- Affiliations
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Venue
- Biochemical Journal
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 1974-08-15
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 401-411
- ISSN
- 0306-3283 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1168292
- OpenAlex
- W1883494677
- Cited by
- 348
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 4.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Keywords
- acetate, acetyl-CoA synthetase, acetyl-CoA hydrolase, acetate metabolism, acetate uptake, liver, heart, starvation, alloxan-induced diabetes, ketone bodies, TCA cycle, pyruvate, palmitoylcarnitine, acetoacetate, rats, sheep
- MeSH terms
- Acetates, Animals, Coenzyme A Ligases, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Ketone Bodies, Kidney, Kinetics, Liver, Male, Mitochondria, Myocardium, Pyruvates, Sheep, Starvation, Thiolester Hydrolases, Rats
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