The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 in the rat skeletal muscle cell line L6 is blocked by wortmannin, but not by rapamycin: evidence that wortmannin blocks activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in L6 cells between Ras and Raf
Open accessAbstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) is inactivated in vitro by p70 S6 kinase or MAP kinase-activated protein kinase-1 beta (MAPKAP kinase-1 beta; also known as Rsk-2). Here we show that GSK3 isoforms are inhibited by 40% within minutes after stimulation of the rat skeletal-muscle cell line L6 with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or insulin. GSK3 was similarly inhibited in rabbit skeletal muscle after an intravenous injection of insulin. Inhibition resulted from increased phosphorylation of GSK3, probably at a serine/threonine residue(s), because it was reversed by incubation with protein phosphatase-2A. Rapamycin blocked the activation of p70 S6 kinase by IGF-1 in L6 cells, but had no effect on the inhibition of GSK3 or the activation of MAPKAP kinase-1 beta. In contrast, wortmannin, a potent inhibitor of PtdIns 3-kinase, prevented the inactivation of GSK3 and the activation of MAPKAP kinase-1 beta and p70 S6 kinase by IGF-1 or insulin. Wortmannin also blocked the activation of p74raf-1. MAP kinase kinase and p42 MAP kinase, but not the formation of GTP-Ras by IGF-1. The results suggest that the stimulation of glycogen synthase by insulin/IGF-1 in skeletal muscle involves the MAP-KAP kinase-1-catalysed inhibition of GSK3, as well as the previously described activation of the glycogen-associated form of protein phosphatase-1.
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Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane
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Self-citationIdentification of the sites in MAP kinase kinase-1 phosphorylated by p74raf-1.
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Saltiel, A. R., & Kahn, C. R. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/414799a · Cited by 5,326
Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin mediated by protein kinase B
Cross, D. A. E., Alessi, D. R., Cohen, P., Andjelkovich, M., & Hemmings, B. A. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378785a0 · Cited by 5,244
Self-citationAlessi, D. R., Cuenda, A., Cohen, P., Dudley, D. T., & Saltiel, A. R. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.46.27489 · Cited by 3,393
Self-citationMechanisms of Insulin Action and Insulin Resistance
Petersen, M. C., & Shulman, G. I. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00063.2017 · Cited by 3,028
Signal Transduction through MAP Kinase Cascades
(1998) · Advances in Cancer Research · doi:10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60765-4 · Cited by 1,759
Metadata
- Authors
- Cross, D. A. E., Alessi, D. R., Vandenheede, J. R., McDowell, H. E., Hundal, H. S., & Cohen, P.
- Venue
- Biochemical Journal
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 1994-10-01
- Volume
- 303
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-26
- ISSN
- 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-8728
- OpenAlex
- W2442275722
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 40
- FWCI
- 13.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 in the rat skeletal muscle cell line L6 is blocked by wortmannin, but not by rapamycin: evidence that wortmannin blocks activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in L6 cells between Ras and Raf. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1042/bj3030021
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- Cross, D. A. E., Alessi, D. R., Vandenheede, J. R., McDowell, H. E., Hundal, H. S., & Cohen, P. (1994). The inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 by insulin or insulin-like growth factor 1 in the rat skeletal muscle cell line L6 is blocked by wortmannin, but not by rapamycin: evidence that wortmannin blocks activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in L6 cells between Ras and Raf. Biochemical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj3030021
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