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Role of adapters in Toll-like receptor signalling
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a critical role in the detection of invading pathogens within the body and the subsequent immune response. Individual TLRs recognize distinct microbial components. The TLRs are a type 1 transmembrane receptor that possess an extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain and cytoplasmic domain homologous with that of the interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) family. Upon stimulation, TLR recruits the IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK) via the adapter MyD88, ultimately leading to the activation of nuclear factor-κB. Cytokine production in response to all TLR ligands is completely abolished in MyD88-deficient cells, indicating that MyD88 is an essential signalling molecule shared among members of the IL-1R/Toll family. However, several novel adaptor molecules have recently been identified. Evidence is now accumulating showing that differential utilization of these adaptors may activate overlapping as well as distinct signalling pathways, and ultimately give rise to distinct biological effects exerted by individual TLR family members.
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Cited by
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Gorden, K. B., Gorski, K. S., Gibson, S. J., Kedl, R. M., Kieper, W. C., Qiu, X., Tomai, M. A., Alkan, S. S., & Vasilakos, J. P. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.3.1259 · Cited by 683
Targeting the innate immune response with improved vaccine adjuvants
Pashine, A., Valiante, N. M., & Ulmer, J. B. (2005) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1210 · Cited by 555
Groeger, S., & Meyle, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00208 · Cited by 473
Toll-like receptors: Activation, signalling and transcriptional modulation
De Nardo, D. (2015) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.025 · Cited by 457
Toll-like receptor gene family and TIR-domain adapters in Danio rerio
Jault, C., Pichon, L., & Chluba, J. (2004) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2003.10.001 · Cited by 440
Metadata
- Authors
- Akira, S., Yamamoto, M., & Takeda, K.
- Venue
- Biochemical Society Transactions
- Publisher
- Portland Press Ltd.
- Published
- 2003-06-01
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 637-642
- ISSN
- 0300-5127 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-8752
- OpenAlex
- W2063128111
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 4.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Akira, S., Yamamoto, M., & Takeda, K. (2003). Role of adapters in Toll-like receptor signalling. Biochemical Society Transactions. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0310637
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