The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Quantitative analysis of peripheral blood Th0, Th1, Th2 and the Th1:Th2 cell ratio during normal human pregnancy and preeclampsia
Open accessAbstract
SUMMARY: We calculated the percentage of Th1, Th2, Th0 cells and the Th1:Th2 cell ratio of peripheral blood from normal pregnant subjects and preeclampsia patients using flow cytometry which can analyse both the surface marker, CD4, and intracellular cytokines, interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ. In normal pregnancy, the percentage of Th1 cells was significantly lower in the third trimester, and the ratios of Th1:Th2 were significantly lower in the second and third trimester than in nonpregnant subjects. In contrast, the percentage of Th1 cells and the ratios of Th1:Th2 in preeclampsia were significantly higher than in normal third trimester pregnant subjects. The percentage of Th2 cells in preeclampsia was significantly lower than in third trimester of normal pregnancy. Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these subjects and patients were cultured with phytohemagglutinin stimulation, and IL-4 and IFN-γ concentrations were determined in the supernatant by enzymed linked immunosorbent assays. The percentage of Th1 and Th2, and the ratios of Th1:Th2 were correlated with cytokine (IFN-γ and IL-4) secretion level. These results demonstrated that Th2 cells were predominant in the second and third trimesters of normal pregnancy, but Th1 cells predominated in preeclamptic patients.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more
Mosmann, T. R., & Sad, S. (1996) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(96)80606-2 · Cited by 3,633
Wegmann, T. G., Lin, H., Guilbert, L., & Mosmann, T. R. (1993) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(93)90235-d · Cited by 2,852
Meekins, J. W., Pijnenborg, R., Hanssens, M., MCFadyen, I. R., & van Asshe, A. (1994) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb13182.x · Cited by 905
Synthesis of T helper 2-type cytokines at the maternal-fetal interface.
Lin, H., Mosmann, T. R., Guilbert, L., Tuntipopipat, S., & Wegmann, T. G. (1993) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.151.9.4562 · Cited by 899
Piccinni, M. P., Giudizi, M. G., Biagiotti, R., Beloni, L., Giannarini, L., Sampognaro, S., Parronchi, P., Manetti, R., Annunziato, F., & Livi, C. (1995) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.155.1.128 · Cited by 743
Piccinni, M.-P., Beloni, L., Livi, C., Maggi, E., Scarselli, G., & Romagnani, S. (1998) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/2006 · Cited by 664
Ferrick, D. A., Schrenzel, M. D., Mulvania, T., Hsieh, B., Ferlin, W. G., & Lepper, H. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/373255a0 · Cited by 662
Marzi, M., Vigano, A., Trabattoni, D., Villa, M. L., Salvaggio, A., Clerici, E., & Clerici, M. (2003) · Clinical and Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.1996.d01-809.x · Cited by 616
Molecular Regulation of B Lymphocyte Response
Kishimoto, T., & Hirano, T. (1988) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.06.040188.002413 · Cited by 567
Zhou, Y., Damsky, C. H., Chiu, K., Roberts, J. M., & Fisher, S. J. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116316 · Cited by 543
Cited by
Type 1/Type 2 Immunity in Infectious Diseases
Spellberg, B., & Edwards, J. E. (2001) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/317537 · Cited by 911
The immune-mediated alteration of serotonin and glutamate: towards an integrated view of depression
Müller, N., & Schwarz, M. J. (2007) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002006 · Cited by 670
Szarka, A., Rigó, J., Lázár, L., Bekő, G., & Molvarec, A. (2010) · BMC Immunology · doi:10.1186/1471-2172-11-59 · Cited by 516
Germain, S. J., Sacks, G. P., Soorana, S. R., Sargent, I. L., & Redman, C. W. (2007) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.178.9.5949 · Cited by 454
The role of the immune system in preeclampsia
Saito, S., Shiozaki, A., Nakashima, A., Sakai, M., & Sasaki, Y. (2007) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.mam.2007.02.006 · Cited by 351
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Saito, S., Sakai, M., Sasaki, Y., Tanebe, K., Tsuda, H., & Michimata, T.
- Venue
- Clinical and Experimental Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1999-09
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 550-555
- ISSN
- 0009-9104 (ISSN-L)
- 1365-2249
- OpenAlex
- W2074520223
- Cited by
- 425
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 13.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Quantitative analysis of peripheral blood Th0, Th1, Th2 and the Th1:Th2 cell ratio during normal human pregnancy and preeclampsia. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00997.x
- The paper
- Saito, S., Sakai, M., Sasaki, Y., Tanebe, K., Tsuda, H., & Michimata, T. (2001). Quantitative analysis of peripheral blood Th0, Th1, Th2 and the Th1:Th2 cell ratio during normal human pregnancy and preeclampsia. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.00997.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
