Clostridium perfringens Toxin Types in Hooded Seals in the Greenland Sea, Determined by PCR and ELISA
Open accessAbstract
Very little is known about the occurrence of Clostridium perfringens and of diseases caused by this anaerobic bacterium in marine mammals, especially those that are free-living. During a scientific expedition to the Greenland Sea (West Ice) in spring 1999, faeces samples from 70 hooded seals (Cystophora cristata) were taken to isolate C. perfiringens. Subsequently, PCR analysis of the isolates was performed with oligonucleotide primers of the genes encoding the four major lethal toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota) for classification of toxin type and of the genes encoding C. perfringens beta2-toxin and enterotoxin for further subclassification. In addition, a commercial ELISA kit for detection of C. perfringens alpha, beta- and epsilon-toxin was used. C. perfingens was isolated in samples from 38 (54.3%) hooded seals. All isolates were C. perfringens toxin type A (alpha-toxin positive). This is the first report on the occurrence of C. perfringens in this arctic marine mammal species. Myositis and enterotoxemia caused by C. perfrigens were described in other marine mammals and it may be assumed that the pathogenesis of an outbreak of disease is similar to that encountered in terrestrial animals. Although there is some controversy surrounding the enteropathogenicity and virulence of alpha-toxin (concerning enterotoxemia), this study suggests that a possible outbreak of enterotoxemia caused by C. perfringens type A in hooded seals may, however, not be excluded.
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Clostridia (e.g., Clostridium perfringens, Clostridioides difficile) are naturally present in the normal gut microbiome and fecal samples of asymptomatic marine mammals, fish, mollusks, and crustaceans, with ubiquitous distribution in freshwater and marine environments in water, sediment, sewage, and biota and on biological substrates.
“Clostridia (e.g., Clostridium perfringens, Clostridioides difficile) are naturally present in the normal gut microbiome and fecal samples of asymptomatic marine mammals, fish, mollusks, and crustaceans (McBee, 1960;Aschfalk and Müller, 2001;Miller et al., 2010;Morris et al., 2011), with ubiquitous distribution in freshwater and marine environments in water, sediment, sewage, and biota and on”
From Novel Lethal Clostridial Infection in Florida Manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris): Cause of the 2013 Unusual Mortality Event in the Indian River Lagoon (2022) · cites this paper as Aschfalk and Müller, 2001
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Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Dailey, M. D., 1985: Diseases of Mammalia: Cetacea. In: Kinne, O. (ed.), Diseases of Marine Animals, p. 805±847. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Hamburg.
- Dunn, J. L., 1990: Bacterial and mycotic diseases of cetaceans and pinnipeds. In: Dierauf, L. A. (ed.), CRC Handbook of Marine Mammal Medicine: Health, Disease and Rehabilitation, Ch. 3, pp. 76±77. CRC Press, Boca Rotan, FL, USA.
- Hubbard, R. C., 1968: Clostridial enterotoxemia in infant Steller sea lions and fur seals. In: Caldwell, D. K. and M. C. Caldwell (eds), Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Diseases and Husbandry of Aquatic Mammals, Florida, pp. 55±62. Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL.
- Lauckner, G., 1985: Diseases of Mammalia: Pinnipedia. In: Kinne, O. (ed.), Diseases of Marine Animals, pp. 683±793. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Hamburg.
- Mu Èller, W., 1982: The transport of sheep from Australia to the Middle East. In: Moss, R. (ed), Transport of Animals for Breeding, Production and Slaughter, pp. 166±176. Martinus-Nijhoff Publisher, The Hague.
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Landsberg, J. H., Tabuchi, M., Rotstein, D. S., Subramaniam, K., Rodrigues, T. C. S., Waltzek, T. B., Stacy, N. I., Wilson, P. W., Kiryu, Y., Uzal, F. A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.841857 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridioides difficile) are naturally present in the normal gut microbiome and fecal samples of asymptomatic marine mammals, fish, mollusks, and crustaceans (McBee, 1960; Aschfalk and Müller, 2001; Miller et al., 2010; Morris et al., 2011), with ubiquitous distribution in freshwater and ma…”
Background
- Authors
- Aschfalk, A., & Müller, W.
- Affiliations
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Aschfalk, A.
- ORCID
- Müller, W.
- Venue
- Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-12-23
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 765-769
- ISSN
- 0931-1793 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2023419807
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 0.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
- Keywords
- Clostridium perfringens, hooded seal, Cystophora cristata, alpha-toxin, enterotoxemia, myositis, marine mammal disease, fecal isolates, Greenland Sea, enterotoxin, beta2 toxin
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacterial Toxins, Clostridium Infections, Clostridium perfringens, Enterotoxemia, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Greenland, Male, Virulence, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Seals, Earless
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