The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Hypoglycaemia in insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes: frequency, symptoms and impaired awareness
Abstract
Aims Hypoglycaemia is considered to be less common in people with insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes than in Type 1 diabetes. A retrospective survey was made of 215 people with insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes to quantify the frequency and nature of hypoglycaemia experienced. Methods The frequencies of mild (self‐treated) and severe (required assistance) hypoglycaemia during the preceding year were estimated retrospectively. The usual symptoms of hypoglycaemia and state of awareness of hypoglycaemia were scored using validated questionnaires and any history suggestive of impaired hypoglycaemia awareness was documented. Results In this cohort, 157 (73%) had experienced hypoglycaemia since commencing insulin, the frequency of which increased with duration of diabetes and of insulin therapy and was inversely related to current HbA 1c (all P < 0.05). During the preceding year, 32 individuals (15%) had experienced severe hypoglycaemia, with an estimated incidence for the entire group of 0.28 episodes/patient/year. Principal components analysis revealed two underlying symptom groups (autonomic and neuroglycopenic), similar to those reported previously by young adults with Type 1 diabetes, but the total symptom score declined with advancing age. Of the 157 with a history of hypoglycaemia, the 13 (8%) individuals who gave a history of impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia had experienced a ninefold higher incidence of severe hypoglycaemia than those with normal awareness, and reported experiencing mainly neuroglycopenic symptoms. Conclusions While the overall frequencies of mild and severe hypoglycaemia were lower in insulin‐treated Type 2 diabetes than have been reported previously in Type 1 diabetes, the risk of hypoglycaemia was greater with increasing duration of diabetes and of insulin therapy. Although impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia was uncommon, it was associated with a higher incidence of severe hypoglycaemia. Diabet. Med. 20, ***–*** (2003)
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“One retrospective survey of 215 individuals with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes showed that only 8% had impaired awareness estimated by a validated scoring system (70), but those so affected had a ninefold greater incidence of hypoglycemia than those with intact awareness (82).”
From Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (2005) · cites this paper as [82]
In the citing paper
“The annual prevalence of severe hypoglycemia was 15% with an overall incidence of 0.28 episodes per patient per year.”
From Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (2005) · cites this paper as [82]
In the citing paper
“A retrospective Scottish survey in Edinburgh of 215 people with insulintreated type 2 diabetes observed that the frequency of hypoglycemia increased with duration of insulin therapy and of diabetes and was inversely proportional to HbA 1c (A1C) concentration (82).”
From Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes (2005) · cites this paper as [82]
Citations
Cites
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Self-citationEpidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
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Epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia in the diabetes control and complications trial
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Hypoglycemia in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
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Frequency of Severe Hypoglycemia Requiring Emergency Treatment in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
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Self-citationAbraira, C., Colwell, J. A., Nuttall, F. Q., Sawin, C. T., Nagel, N. J., Comstock, J. P., Emanuele, N. V., Levin, S. R., Henderson, W., Lee, H. S., et al. (1995) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.18.8.1113 · Cited by 355
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Symptomatic Hypoglycaemia in 411 Type 1 Diabetic Patients
Pramming, S., Thorsteinsson, B., Bendtson, I., & Binder, C. (1991) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.1991.tb01575.x · Cited by 336
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- Pramming S, 2000, Severe hypoglycaemia in unselected patients with type 1 diabetes: a cross‐sectional multicentre survey, Diabetologia, 43, A194
- Allen KV, 2003, Hypoglycaemia in people with type 2 diabetes on combined therapy with once daily bedtime isophane (NPH) insulin and oral antidiabetic drugs, Diabetic Med Supplement, 2, 113
- McAulay V, 2001, Diabetes in Old Age, 139
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Cryer, P. E., Axelrod, L., Grossman, A. B., Heller, S. R., Montori, V. M., Seaquist, E. R., & Service, F. J. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1410 · Cited by 1,277
Management Guidelines for Children with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Francis, G. L., Waguespack, S. G., Bauer, A. J., Angelos, P., Benvenga, S., Cerutti, J. M., Dinauer, C., Hamilton, J. K., HAY, I. D., Luster, M., et al. (2015) · Thyroid · doi:10.1089/thy.2014.0460 · Cited by 1,273
Cryer, P. E., Davis, S. N., & Shamoon, H. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.6.1902 · Cited by 1,160
Risk of hypoglycaemia in types 1 and 2 diabetes: Effects of treatment modalities and their duration
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Metadata
- Authors
- Henderson, J. N., Allen, K. V., Deary, I. J., & Frier, B. M.
- Affiliations
- Edinburgh Royal Infirmary (GB)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Frier, B. M.
- Venue
- Diabetic Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-11-24
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1016-1021
- ISSN
- 0742-3071 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-5491
- OpenAlex
- W2150540429
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 5.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Royal Society of Edinburgh
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Keywords
- hypoglycemia, type 2 diabetes, insulin therapy, severe hypoglycemia, neuroglycopenic symptoms, autonomic symptoms, hypoglycaemia incidence, HbA1c, diabetes duration, age
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Autonomic Nervous System, Awareness, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Nervous System Diseases, Retrospective Studies, Time Factors, Principal Component Analysis
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