Cited by 287Insect-Plant Interactions and ControlPhytochemistry and biological activity of medicinal plantsPlant and animal studies

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Emodin – a secondary metabolite with multiple ecological functions in higher plants

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Izhaki, Ido·2002·New Phytologist

DOI 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00459.x

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Abstract

Summary: The anthraquinone emodin, identified in 17 plant families distributed worldwide, has numerous biological activities, some of which exhibit a wide spectrum of ecological impacts by mediating biotic or abiotic interactions of plants with their environment. Here the evidence for direct and indirect effects of emodin on plant survival and reproduction is reviewed. Emodin in vegetative organs may help protect plants against herbivores, pathogens, competitors and extrinsic abiotic factors (e.g. high light intensities). In unripe fruit pulp, emodin may facilitate seed dispersal by protecting the immature fruit against predispersal seed predation whereas in ripe pulp it may deter frugivores and thus reduce the chances that seeds will be defecated beneath the parent plant. It also accelerates the passage of seeds through the digestive tract, potentially reducing dispersal distance and increasing seed viability upon dispersal. In certain circumstances both of the last two effects could also have negative fitness consequences for plants. Natural selection should favor secondary metabolites with multiple functions because they protect the plants against a variety of unpredictable biotic and abiotic environments. Such metabolites also enhance plant defenses by using different molecular targets of specific enemies through a variety of mechanisms of action. Emodin illustrates the wide and often overlooked potential for chemical multifunctionality in plant secondary metabolites.

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Authors: Izhaki, I.
Affiliations: University of Florida (US)
Corresponding author: Izhaki, Ido
ORCID: Izhaki, Ido
Venue: New Phytologist
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2002-07-03
Volume: 155
Issue: 2
Pages: 205-217
ISSN: 0028-646X (ISSN-L)
1469-8137
DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00459.x
OpenAlex: W2126121941
Semantic Scholar: fc404c967b67af22f7893b9ae7847d0139f9d8d6
Cited by: 287
References: 133
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 7.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: New Phytologist (publishedVersion)
Funders: University of Haifa
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and biological activity of medicinal plants
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant and animal studies
Keywords: emodin, anthraquinones, plant secondary metabolites, plant defense, herbivore deterrence, pathogen resistance, competition (biology), abiotic stress, pre-dispersal seed predation, seed dispersal, seed viability, plant fitness, natural selection

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Emodin – a secondary metabolite with multiple ecological functions in higher plants

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