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Phase Behavior of Stratum Corneum Lipid Mixtures Based on Human Ceramides: The Role of Natural and Synthetic Ceramide 1
Open accessAbstract
In a recent study the lipid phase behavior of mixtures of human ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids has been examined. We observed in cholesterol: human ceramide mixtures a prominent formation of the 12.8 nm lamellar phase (referred to as the long periodicity phase). Addition of free fatty acids promoted the formation of a 5.6 nm lamellar phase (referred to as the short periodicity phase) and increased the subpopulation of lipids forming a fluid phase. In this study we focused on the role of human ceramide 1, as the presence of this ceramide appeared to be crucial for proper lipid phase behavior in mixtures prepared with ceramide isolated from pig stratum corneum. In order to do this, mixtures of cholesterol and free fatty acids were prepared with human ceramides, in which natural human ceramide 1 was replaced by either synthetic CER1-linoleate (CER1-lin), or CER1-oleate (CER1-ol), or CER1-stearate (CER1-ste). After substitution of natural human ceramide 1 by synthetic ceramide 1 the following observations were made. (i) In the presence of synthetic CER1-ste no long periodicity phase and no liquid phase could be detected. (ii) In the presence of HCER1-ol a liquid phase was more prominently formed than in the presence of HCER1-lin. (iii) In cholesterol:human ceramide mixtures in the presence of CER1-lin the long periodicity phase was more prominently present than in the presence of CER1-ol. (iv) In the presence of CER1-ste neither a long periodicity phase nor a liquid lateral packing could be detected. The results of these studies further indicate that for the formation of the long periodicity phase a certain (optimal) fraction of lipids has to form a liquid phase. When the fraction forming this liquid phase is either too low or too high, the formation of the short periodicity phase is increased at the expense of the formation of the long periodicity phase. Based on the results of this and previous studies we offer an explanation for the deviation in lipid organization in diseased and in dry skin compared to normal skin.
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“EO ceramides are epidermisspecific ceramide classes, and their characteristic EO structure is important for the formation and stabilization of lipid organization in the lipid lamellae (18,19).”
From Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
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In the citing paper
“EO ceramides are epidermisspecific ceramide classes, and their characteristic EO structure is important for the formation and stabilization of lipid organization in the lipid lamellae (18,19).”
From Comparative profiling and comprehensive quantification of stratum corneum ceramides in humans and mice by LC/MS/MS (2020) · cites this paper as [18]
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Cites
A RAPID METHOD OF TOTAL LIPID EXTRACTION AND PURIFICATION
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Imokawa, G., Abe, A., Jin, K., Higaki, Y., Kawashima, M., & Hidano, A. (1991) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470233 · Cited by 1,040
Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of the Skin
Shelley, W. B. (1992) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1992.03490040129042 · Cited by 791
Structural Investigations of Human Stratum Corneum by Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering
Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., van der Spek, J. A., & Bras, W. (1991) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12492217 · Cited by 566
Self-citationCeramide and cholesterol composition of the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis
Nardo, A. D. (1998) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.1080/00015559850135788 · Cited by 483
Presence of Intact Intercellular Lipid Lamellae in the Upper Layers of the Stratum Corneum
Madison, K. C., Swartzendruber, D. C., Wertz, P. W., & Downing, D. T. (1987) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12470386 · Cited by 366
White, S. H., Mirejovsky, D., & King, G. (1988) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00410a031 · Cited by 355
Aly, R., Shirley, C., Cunico, B., & Maïbach, H. I. (1978) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12556778 · Cited by 309
In vivo studies concerning a pH gradient in human stratum corneum and upper epidermis.
Öhman, H., & Vahlquist, A. (1994) · Acta Dermato Venereologica · doi:10.2340/0001555574375379 · Cited by 308
Hou, S. Y. E., MITRA, A. K., White, S. H., Menon, G. K., Ghadially, R., & Elias, P. M. (1991) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12461361 · Cited by 289
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Barrier Function of the Skin: “La Raison d'Être” of the Epidermis
Madison, K. C. (2003) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12359.x · Cited by 1,192
The skin barrier in healthy and diseased state
Bouwstra, J. A., & Ponec, M. (2006) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes · doi:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.06.021 · Cited by 665
Self-citationPenetration of Metallic Nanoparticles in Human Full-Thickness Skin
Baroli, B. M., Ennas, M. G., Loffredo, F., Isola, M., Pinna, R., & López-Quintela, M. A. (2007) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700733 · Cited by 464
Stratum Corneum Moisturization at the Molecular Level: An Update in Relation to the Dry Skin Cycle
Rawlings, A. V., & Matts, P. J. (2005) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1747.2005.23726.x · Cited by 374
Skin structure and mode of action of vesicles
Bouwstra, J. A., & Honeywell‐Nguyen, P. L. (2002) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00114-x · Cited by 296
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Bouwstra, J. A., Gooris, G. S., Dubbelaar, F. E. R., & Ponec, M.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Bouwstra, Joke A.
- ORCID
- Bouwstra, Joke A.
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-04
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 606-617
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085492412
- Cited by
- 165
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sphingolipid Metabolism and Signaling
- Keywords
- stratum corneum lipids, cholesterol, free fatty acids, lipid phase behavior, lamellar phase, liquid phase, skin barrier, dry skin, lipid organization
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Ceramides, Cholesterol, Fatty Acids, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Humans, Lipid Bilayers, Skin, Swine, X-Ray Diffraction
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