Chemokine and inflammatory cytokine changes during chronic wound healing
Open accessAbstract
Wound healing is a complex process resulting from an interplay of processes including coagulation, inflammation, angiogenesis, and epithelialization. The chemokine family has been shown to contain members that are potent regulators of many of these pathways. Because we have previously shown that chemokines “pool” in biologic wound dressings, we studied the levels of CXC and CC chemokines, along with key inflammatory mediators, serially from a group of patients undergoing therapy for chronic venous leg ulcers. After 8 weeks, all patients had marked clinical healing of their ulcers (median 63.3% reduction in size) with two of 10 completely healed. Wound fluids extracted from dressings showed high levels of platelet factor‐4 and interferon‐γ‐inducible protein, with a trend toward increases in the ratio of the sums of the angiogenic versus angiostatic CXC chemokines (p = 0.082) in the tissues collected from the center of the ulcers during wound closure. Neutrophil‐activating peptide‐2 and interleukin‐8 accounted for the most changes in wound fluid angiogenic chemokines, with significant differences both as compared with baseline levels and with patients' plasma level noted at various time points between weeks 0 and 8. The level of angiostatic (cont.)
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
MMP2 and 9 levels are elevated very early and reduced at later time points in wound tissue of THS-exposed mice.
“The levels of MMP2 and 9 which are very important in reepithelization and tissue remodelling [31,32], are elevated very early on and reduced at later time points in the wound tissue of THS-expose mice suggesting its role in impaired wound closure.”
From Tobacco toxins deposited on surfaces (third hand smoke) impair wound healing (2016) · cites this paper as [32]
The citation is attached to the statement that MMP2 and MMP9 are important in reepithelialization and tissue remodelling; the THS-exposed mouse result appears to be the citing authors’ own finding. The Discussion (p. 319) addresses chemokines and inflammatory mediators in wound closure, but the passages found by searching for MMP2, MMP9, and matrix metalloproteinases do not address those enzymes’ roles. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChronic wounds demonstrate significantly increased levels of the potent neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8.
“chronic wounds demonstrate significantly increased levels of the potent neutrophil chemoattractant, CXCL8 [58].”
From Immunology of Wound Healing (2018) · cites this paper as [58]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 14 · Cited by 118
Research works printed but not linked: 19
- Jyung RW, Mustoe TA . Role of cytokines in wound repair . In : Oppenheim J, editor . Clinical applications of cytokines. New York: Oxford Univ Press; 1993 .p.307-29.
- Mauviel A, Uitto J. The extracellular matrix in wound heal- ing: role of the cytokine network. Wounds 1993 ;5 :137-52.
- Li V, Barnhill R. Angiogenesis in dermatology : pathophysiol- ogy and clinical implications . Prog Derm 1995 ;29 :1-12.
- Davidson JM . Wound repair . In : Gallin JI, Goldstein IM, Snyderman R, editors. Inflammation : basic principles and clinical correlates . New York : Raven Press; 1992 .p.???
- Streiter RM, Kunkel SL . Chemokines and the lung. In : Crys- tal R, West J, Weibel E, Barnes ???, editors. The lung : scien- tific foundations . 2nd ed . New York: Raven Press; 1996 .p .???
- Strieter RM, Lukacs NW, Standiford TJ, Kunkel SL. Cytokines and lung inflammation . Thorax 1993 ;48:765-9 .
- Koch AE, Polverini PJ, Kunkel SL, Harlow LA, DiPietro LA, Elner VM, Elner SG, Strieter RM . Interleukin-8 (IL-8) as a macrophage-derived mediator of angiogenesis . Science 1992 ;258 :1798-801.
- Maione TE, Gray GS, Petro J, Hunt AJ, Donner AL, Bauer SI, Carson HF, Sharpe FJ . Inhibition of angiogenesis by re- combinant human platelet factor-4 . Science 1990 ;247 :77-9.
- Strieter RM, Kunkel SL, Arenberg DA, Burdick MD, Polverini PJ. Interferon y-inducible protein 10 (IP10) a member of the CXC chemokine family is an inhibitor of angiogenesis . Biochem Biophys Res Comm 1995 ;210 :51-7.
- Cocchi F, deVico AL, Garzino-Demo A, Arya SK, Gallo RC, Lusso P. Identification of RANTES, MIP-la and MIP-1(3 as the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T cells. Science 1995 ;270 :1811-5 .
- Fahey TJ, Sherry B, Tracey KJ, van Deventer S, Jones WG, Minei JP, Morgello S, Shires GT, Cerami A. Cytokine produc- tion in a model of wound healing: the appearance of MIP-1, MIP-2, cachectin/TNF and IL-1 . Cytokine 1990 ;2 :92-9.
- Fivenson DP, Faria DT, NickoloffBJ, Poverini PJ, Strieter RM. Bio- logical wounddressingsfunction as a reservoirfor C-X-C chemokines in chronic venous ulcer therapy [abstract]. Clin Res 1994;42:232.
- Herrick SE, Sloan P, McGurk M, Freak L, McCollum CN, Ferguson MWJ. Sequential changes in the histologic pattern 322 FIVENSONETAL . and extracelluar matrix deposition during healing of chronic venous ulcers . Am J Pathol 1992 ;141 :1085-95 .
- Granstein RD, Rook A, Flotte TJ, Amento EP . A controlled trial of intralesional recombinant gamma interferon in the treatment of keloidal scarring . Arch Dermatol 1990 ;126 :1295-8 .
- Luster AD, Leder P. IP10, a C-X-C-chemokine, elicits a po- tent thymus-dependent antitumor response in vivo . J Exp Med 1993 ;178 :1057-65 .
- Gottleib AB, Luster AD, Posnett DN, Carter DM . Detection of y-interferon-induced protein (IP-10) in psoriatic scales . J Exp Med 1988 ;168 :941-8 .
- Sidky YA, Borden EC . Inhibition of angiogenesis by interferons : effects on tumor-and lymphocyte-induced vascu- WOUND REPAIR AND REGENERATION OCTOBER-DECEMBER 1997 lar responses . Cancer Res 1987 ;47 :5155-61 .
- Hou Z, Faria DT, Strieter RM, Ladin DA, Fivenson DP . Sup- pressive effects of IL-10 on T-cell mitogenesis in chronic wound fluid [abstract] . J Invest Dermatol 1996 ;106 :941 .
- Kim J, Modlin RL, Dubinett SM, McHugh T, Nickoloff BJ, Uyemura K. IL-10 production in cutaneous basal and squa- mous cell carcinoma : a mechanism for evading the local T cell immune response . J Immunol 1995 ;155 :2240-7 .
- Authors
- Fivenson, D. P., Faria, D. T., Nickoloff, B. J., Poverini, P. J., Kunkel, S., Burdick, M., & Strieter, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Henry Ford Health (US)
- Loyola University Medical Center (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fivenson, David P.
- Venue
- Wound Repair and Regeneration
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1997-10
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 310-322
- ISSN
- 1067-1927 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-475X
- OpenAlex
- W2033224875
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Wound Repair and Regeneration (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases
- Keywords
- chronic venous leg ulcers, chronic wound healing, chemokines, CXC chemokines, CC chemokines, wound fluid, platelet factor 4, NAP-2, interleukin-8, MIP-1, MCP-1, RANTES, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interleukin-1, inflammatory cytokines, venous insufficiency
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
